Borgward is an automobile manufacturer originally started by Carl F. W. Borgward. The original company, based in Bremen with Germany, ceased operations in the particular 1960s. The Borgward group created four brands of cars and trucks: Borgward, Hansa, Goliath and Lloyd.The marque has because been revived by Carl Borgward's grandson, Christian Borgward, together with his lover Karlheinz L. Knöss, with assistance from Chinese investment, and unveiled the corporation's first new car inside over 40 years, the BX7 at the particular 2015 International Motor Demonstrate.The origins of Bremen's most significant auto-business get back to 1905 with the business in nearby Varel with the "Hansa Automobilgesellschaft" and the building blocks in Bremen itself regarding "Namag", maker of the Lloyd car. These two businesses merged in 1914 to create the "Hansa-Lloyd-Werke A. G. ". After the war, in the troubled financial status then confronting Germany, the business failed to prosper and by the late 1920s faced personal bankruptcy. For Carl Borgward, already the successful creator from the Goliath-Blitzkarren business, the misfortunes of Hansa-Lloyd presented an opportunity greatly to expand this scope of his auto business, and he took control of it.
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The very first "automobile" Carl Borgward made was the 1924 Blitzkarren (super cart), a sort of tiny three-wheeled van with a couple of hp (1. 5 kW), which was an enormous success already in the market gap it filled. Traders with a small budget got it for delivery. The Reichspost ordered quite a few for postal service.In 1929, Borgward became the movie director of Hansa Lloyd AG having gotten to merge his "Goliath-Werke Borgward & Co. " with "Hansa-Lloyd. The small Goliath-Blitzkarren had right now evolved into the however three wheeler timber framed synthetic leather bodied 5 as well as 7 hp Goliath Leader. Borgward turned his awareness of the other businesses as well as led the development from the Hansa Konsul. In February 1937, there came the completely new Hansa Borgward 2000 and in 1939 the name was shortened to Borgward 2000. The 2000 model was as well as the Borgward 2300that always been in production until 1942.After World War II, in 1946 Carl Borgward used many of the brand names from organizations he had acquired in the past to found three individual companies: Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd. This was intended to increase how much steel allocated to his business during a period of austerity and rationing. For many purposes the lenders would be run to be a single entity, but in a business operated by a man to whom delegation didn't come naturally the growth of legal entities nonetheless added unhelpful layers of complexity through the 1950s and encouraged a broadening with the range which eventually proved financially unsustainable while using the sales volumes achievable. In 1949 company shown the Borgward Hansa 1500.Among the top engineers at Borgward from 1938-1952 was Dipl. Ing. Hubert M. Meingast.Production of the Borgward Isabella began in 1954. The Isabella would become Borgward's most widely used model and remained in production for your life of the company. In 1960 the Borgward P100 has been introduced, equipped with pneumatic suspension.Borgward introduced a brand of 1500 cc sports racers within the late 1950s, with the 16-valve engine from these to become successful Formula Two power unit (that is also used by a number of F1 privateers in 1961).Although Borgward pioneered technical novelties inside German market such seeing that air suspension and automated transmission, the company had trouble competing out there. While larger companies like Opel and VW took advantage of economies of scale along with kept their prices low to get market share, Borgward's cost structure was even more than necessary for its dimension, as it basically controlled as four tiny independent companies and do not implemented such basic cost reduction strategies as shared development and parts sharing between the company's makes. Borgward suffered quality problems too. The Lloyd Arabella was technically advanced being a water-cooled boxer with top wheel drive, but plagued with problems like water leakage and gearbox glitches. Lloyd lost money on the car although it was more expensive in comparison with its direct competitors.In 1961, the company was pressured into liquidation by collectors. Carl Borgward died with July 1963, still insisting the company was technically solvent. This proved to be true from the sense that after this creditors were paid 100 %, there was still several. 5 million Marks remaining from the business.
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Stories of difficulties at Borgward surfaced within the article that appeared throughout Germany's leading news journal, “Der Spiegel” on fourteen December 1960”. The very long, detailed, and in places repeating Spiegel article was highlighted by using a picture of Borgward, cigar in mouth, on the magazine’s front cover. It was strongly vital of Carl Borgward's small business approach, and included many in the arguments later advanced to spell out or justify the firm's demise. The widest range regarding cars from any manufacturer in Germany, produced by three until finally recently operationally autonomous organizations (Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd) had been supporting a turnover involving only 650 million Represents, placing the overall sales value in the combined Borgward auto corporations only in fifth situation among Germany's auto-makers. The 70-year-old Carl Borgward's "hands-on" insistence on an increasingly manic proliferation regarding new and modified versions featuring adventurous, but under-developed technological innovations ("fast manisch[e] Konstruierwut") afforded rise to components which excessively did not work, broke down or droped apart, resulting in massive costs for pre-delivery remediation and/or submit delivery warranty work that found their made use of to the company.The December 1960 Spiegel article had not been the only serious general public criticism targeting Borgward right now: suddenly stridently negative (if more succinct) comments also turned up in the influential mass-market Bild classifieds and in television studies. Critical media commentaries furthermore appeared concerning large loans towards Borgward Group provided through the local Landesbank.It is apparent which the business was confronting cash-flow difficulties at the conclusion of 1960. Capital intensive businesses such as auto manufacturing use his or her expensive machines and tools most efficiently should they use them constantly from full capacity, but the car market in Europe within the 1950s/60s was more in season than today, with sales diminishing with Winter, then peaking in the first summer months: Borgward’s inventory of unsold cars at the conclusion of 1960 was above usual, reflecting ambitious growth programs, most obviously in respect of the united states market[11] The December 1960 Spiegel article speculated that on the 15, 000 Borgward cars ordered from the North American dealers in 1960 (and in the 12, 000 delivered to them) 6, 000 might have for being taken back following a slump in North american demand. (Borgward was not the only real European auto maker hit by the North American slump successful for imported cars while in 1960. In the same yr two ships carrying Renault Dauphines were turned in mid-Atlantic because the docks in The big apple were overcrowded with unsold Dauphines.
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By the end of December 1960 Borgward approached the lender for a further 1 million Marks of credit ratings, the loan to be backed by way of guarantee from the Bremen local government which initially the Bremen senators agreed to provide. However, following the flood involving critical press comment this senators withdrew their guarantee. They now required Carl Borgward to pledge the business itself to the state in substitution for the guarantee. After a tense 13-hour meeting widely reported within a still hostile media, Borgward agreed to your senate’s terms on 4 February 1961, thereby averting the bankruptcy from the business.The Bremen Senate likewise insisted on appointing its own nominee as chairman with the company’s supervisory board. The man they selected was Johannes Semler with whom reports generally describe to be a “Wirtschaftsprüfer” (public auditor), though this designation, especially once translated into English, does less than full justice towards the breadth of Semler’s profession. He had studied legislation at university and worked initially as a lawyer. The scion of a leading Hamburg political family, in 1945 he experienced himself been a founding member of the centre-right CSU celebration, and was a member of the Bundestag between 1950 in addition to 1953. Despite his Hamburg beginnings, Semler was by these times based in Munich, with a network of contacts inside Bavarian establishment that possibly included fellow CSU politician and the future German chancellor, Ludwig Erhard, who in 1948 had succeeded Semler within a top administrative position inside the Bizone. The appointment of Johannes Semler because representative of the Bremen senators for you to chair the Borgward supervisory aboard would, in retrospect, contribute to the dispute that followed the Borgward chapter 7.
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Upon 28 July 1961 Semler, as Chairman of the supervisory board joined the directors of the three companies Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd to instigate proceedings with the establishment of a “Vergleichsverfahren”, which would have provided for the court sanctioned scheme of arrangement enabling the business to continue to trade while as well protecting the interests of creditors. [16] Two months in the future, however, in September 1961, the Borgward and Goliath businesses were declared bankrupt, followed in November through the Lloyd business. Subsequent “conspiracy theorists” have suggested that Semler, for reasons of his very own, never had any purpose of allowing the Borgward auto-businesses to help survive.
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