Borgward is an automobile manufacturer originally set up by Carl F. W. Borgward. The original company, based in Bremen within Germany, ceased operations in the particular 1960s. The Borgward group produced four brands of vehicles: Borgward, Hansa, Goliath and Lloyd.The marque has given that been revived by Carl Borgward's son, Christian Borgward, together with his companion Karlheinz L. Knöss, with assistance from Chinese language investment, and unveiled the company's first new car inside over 40 years, the BX7 at the 2015 International Motor Show.The origins of Bremen's most significant auto-business get back on 1905 with the place in nearby Varel from the "Hansa Automobilgesellschaft" and the walls in Bremen itself connected with "Namag", maker of the Lloyd auto. These two businesses merged in 1914 to create the "Hansa-Lloyd-Werke A. G. ". After the war, in the troubled economy then confronting Germany, the business failed to prosper and through the late 1920s faced individual bankruptcy. For Carl Borgward, already the successful creator in the Goliath-Blitzkarren business, the misfortunes of Hansa-Lloyd presented a possibility greatly to expand the actual scope of his automobile business, and he took control of computer.
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The initial "automobile" Carl Borgward designed was the 1924 Blitzkarren (super cart), a sort of tiny three-wheeled van with a couple of hp (1. 5 kW), which was an enormous success in the market gap it filled. Traders with a small budget ordered for delivery. The Reichspost ordered quite a few for postal service.In 1929, Borgward became the director of Hansa Lloyd AG having been able to merge his "Goliath-Werke Borgward & Corp. " with "Hansa-Lloyd. The small Goliath-Blitzkarren had chances are evolved into the even now three wheeler timber presented synthetic leather bodied 5 or maybe 7 hp Goliath Pioneer. Borgward turned his care about the other businesses and also led the development from the Hansa Konsul. In February 1937, there came the new Hansa Borgward 2000 as well as in 1939 the name was shortened to Borgward 2000. The 2000 model was followed by the Borgward 2300that remained in production until 1942.After World War II, in 1946 Carl Borgward used many of the brand names from organizations he had acquired through the years to found three different companies: Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd. This was intended to increase how much steel allocated to his business during a period of austerity and rationing. For many purposes the businesses would be run as a single entity, but in a business operated with a man to whom delegation failed to come naturally the proliferation of legal entities however added unhelpful layers of complexity from the 1950s and encouraged a broadening in the range which ultimately proved financially unsustainable with all the sales volumes achievable. In 1949 company offered the Borgward Hansa 1500.Among the top engineers at Borgward coming from 1938-1952 was Dipl. Ing. Hubert M. Meingast.Production of the Borgward Isabella begun in 1954. The Isabella would become Borgward's hottest model and remained in production for that life of the firm. In 1960 the Borgward P100 seemed to be introduced, equipped with pneumatic suspension.Borgward introduced a brand of 1500 cc sports racers within the late 1950s, with the 16-valve engine from these transforming into a successful Formula Two power unit (that has been also used by a number of F1 privateers in 1961).Although Borgward pioneered technical novelties from the German market such because air suspension and automatic transmission, the company had trouble competing out there. While larger companies including Opel and VW took good thing about economies of scale in addition to kept their prices low to gain market share, Borgward's cost structure was even above necessary for its sizing, as it basically handled as four tiny independent companies and do not implemented such basic expense reduction strategies as mutual development and parts sharing between your company's makes. Borgward suffered quality problems at the same time. The Lloyd Arabella was technically advanced to be a water-cooled boxer with entry wheel drive, but plagued with problems for example water leakage and gearbox secrets. Lloyd lost money on the car community . was more expensive in comparison with its direct competitors.In 1961, the company was pressured into liquidation by lenders. Carl Borgward died in July 1963, still insisting the company ended up technically solvent. This proved to be true from the sense that after the actual creditors were paid fully, there was still 4. 5 million Marks remaining from the business.
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Reports of difficulties at Borgward surfaced within an article that appeared inside Germany's leading news mag, “Der Spiegel” on age 14 December 1960”. The very long, detailed, and in places repeated Spiegel article was highlighted by way of a picture of Borgward, cigar in mouth, on the magazine’s the front cover. It was strongly essential of Carl Borgward's business approach, and included many of the arguments later advanced to explain or justify the company's demise. The widest range of cars from any maker in Germany, produced by three right up until recently operationally autonomous companies (Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd) ended up being supporting a turnover associated with only 650 million Marks, placing the overall sales value from your combined Borgward auto corporations only in fifth placement among Germany's auto-makers. The 70-year-old Carl Borgward's "hands-on" insistence by using an increasingly manic proliferation associated with new and modified designs featuring adventurous, but under-developed technological improvements ("fast manisch[e] Konstruierwut") afforded rise to components which too often did not work, broke down or dropped apart, resulting in massive charges for pre-delivery remediation and/or write-up delivery warranty work that found their way back to the company.The December 1960 Spiegel article has not been the only serious general public criticism targeting Borgward presently: suddenly stridently negative (in the event that more succinct) comments also turned up in the influential mass-market Bild classifieds and in television reports. Critical media commentaries furthermore appeared concerning large loans towards Borgward Group provided through the local Landesbank.It is apparent that the business was confronting cash-flow difficulties right at the end of 1960. Capital intensive businesses for instance auto manufacturing use his or her expensive machines and tools most efficiently when they use them constantly in full capacity, but the car market in Europe inside 1950s/60s was more seasonal than today, with sales diminishing inside Winter, then peaking in early summer months: Borgward’s inventory of unsold cars towards the end of 1960 was higher than usual, reflecting ambitious growth plans, most obviously in respect of north america market[11] The December 1960 Spiegel article speculated that in the 15, 000 Borgward cars ordered because of the North American dealers with 1960 (and of the 12, 000 delivered to these individuals) 6, 000 might have to become taken back following a slump in North american demand. (Borgward was not the only real European auto maker hit by way of North American slump widely used for imported cars in the course of 1960. In the same 12 months two ships carrying Renault Dauphines were turned in mid-Atlantic because the docks in The big apple were overcrowded with unsold Dauphines.
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Right at the end of December 1960 Borgward approached the financial institution for a further one particular million Marks of credit, the loan to be backed by a guarantee from the Bremen regional government which initially the Bremen senators decided to provide. However, following the flood associated with critical press comment the actual senators withdrew their ensure. They now required Carl Borgward to pledge this company itself to the state in return for the guarantee. After a tense 13-hour meeting widely reported in the still hostile media, Borgward agreed to this senate’s terms on 5 February 1961, thereby averting the bankruptcy of the business.The Bremen Senate likewise insisted on appointing its very own nominee as chairman from the company’s supervisory board. The man they decided to go with was Johannes Semler whom reports generally describe to be a “Wirtschaftsprüfer” (public auditor), though this designation, especially once translated in to English, does less than full justice to the breadth of Semler’s career. He had studied law at university and worked initially being a lawyer. The scion of a top Hamburg political family, in 1945 he received himself been a founding person in the centre-right CSU gathering, and was a member of the Bundestag between 1950 and also 1953. Despite his Hamburg sources, Semler was by on this occasion based in Munich, with a network of contacts from the Bavarian establishment that almost certainly included fellow CSU politician plus the future German chancellor, Ludwig Erhard, who in 1948 had succeeded Semler in the top administrative position within the Bizone. The appointment of Johannes Semler because the representative of the Bremen senators for you to chair the Borgward supervisory board would, in retrospect, contribute to the conflict that followed the Borgward bankruptcy.
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In 28 July 1961 Semler, as Chairman of your supervisory board joined the directors on the three companies Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd to instigate proceedings to the establishment of a “Vergleichsverfahren”, which would have provided for just a court sanctioned scheme of arrangement enabling the business enterprise to continue to trade while as well protecting the interests involving creditors. [16] Two months in the future, however, in September 1961, the Borgward and Goliath businesses were declared bankrupt, followed in November because of the Lloyd business. Subsequent “conspiracy theorists” have suggested that Semler, for reasons of their own, never had any purpose of allowing the Borgward auto-businesses to help survive.
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