Borgward is surely an automobile manufacturer originally founded by Carl F. W. Borgward. The original company, based in Bremen with Germany, ceased operations in the 1960s. The Borgward group created four brands of autos: Borgward, Hansa, Goliath and Lloyd.The marque has because been revived by Carl Borgward's grand son, Christian Borgward, together with his spouse Karlheinz L. Knöss, with assistance from Chinese investment, and unveiled the businesses first new car inside over 40 years, the BX7 at the particular 2015 International Motor Show.The origins of Bremen's most significant auto-business resume 1905 with the institution in nearby Varel with the "Hansa Automobilgesellschaft" and the foundation in Bremen itself associated with "Namag", maker of the Lloyd car or truck. These two businesses merged in 1914 to make the "Hansa-Lloyd-Werke A. G. ". After the war, in the troubled financial situation then confronting Germany, the business failed to prosper and by the late 1920s faced a bankruptcy proceeding. For Carl Borgward, already the successful creator with the Goliath-Blitzkarren business, the misfortunes of Hansa-Lloyd presented a chance greatly to expand the particular scope of his auto business, and he took control of the usb ports.
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The very first "automobile" Carl Borgward designed was the 1924 Blitzkarren (turbo cart), a sort of very small three-wheeled van with two hp (1. 5 kW), which was an enormous success out there gap it filled. Traders with a small budget bought for delivery. The Reichspost ordered most of them for postal service.In 1929, Borgward became the director of Hansa Lloyd AG having been able to merge his "Goliath-Werke Borgward & Co. " with "Hansa-Lloyd. The small Goliath-Blitzkarren had by now evolved into the even now three wheeler timber framed synthetic leather bodied 5 or 7 hp Goliath Pioneer. Borgward turned his care about the other businesses and led the development with the Hansa Konsul. In February 1937, there came the new Hansa Borgward 2000 along with in 1939 the name was shortened to Borgward 2000. The 2000 model was accompanied by the Borgward 2300that stayed in production until 1942.After World War II, in 1946 Carl Borgward used a lot of the brand names from firms he had acquired through the years to found three separate companies: Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd. This was intended to increase the number of steel allocated to his business each time of austerity and rationing. For many purposes the companies would be run being a single entity, but in a business operated by a man to whom delegation wouldn't come naturally the growth of legal entities nonetheless added unhelpful layers of complexity throughout the 1950s and encouraged a broadening of the range which in the end proved financially unsustainable with the sales volumes achievable. In 1949 company offered the Borgward Hansa 1500.One of the top engineers at Borgward from 1938-1952 was Dipl. Ing. Hubert M. Meingast.Production of the Borgward Isabella commenced in 1954. The Isabella would become Borgward's most widely used model and remained in production for your life of the business. In 1960 the Borgward P100 seemed to be introduced, equipped with pneumatic suspension.Borgward introduced a type of 1500 cc sports racers inside late 1950s, with the 16-valve engine from these learning to be a successful Formula Two power unit (that was also used by several F1 privateers in 1961).Although Borgward pioneered technical novelties within the German market such as air suspension and programmed transmission, the company had trouble competing in the market. While larger companies like Opel and VW took benefit from economies of scale along with kept their prices low to gain market share, Borgward's cost structure was even more than necessary for its measurement, as it basically managed as four tiny independent companies and don't implemented such basic expense reduction strategies as combined development and parts sharing between company's makes. Borgward suffered quality problems at the same time. The Lloyd Arabella was technically advanced as being a water-cooled boxer with the front wheel drive, but plagued with problems such as water leakage and gearbox errors. Lloyd lost money on the car though it was more expensive in comparison with its direct competitors.In 1961, the company was pressured into liquidation by credit card companies. Carl Borgward died inside July 1963, still insisting the company have been technically solvent. This proved to be true in the sense that after the particular creditors were paid entirely, there was still some. 5 million Marks left from the business.
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Reviews of difficulties at Borgward surfaced in an article that appeared throughout Germany's leading news mag, “Der Spiegel” on fourteen December 1960”. The very long, detailed, and in places repeating Spiegel article was highlighted with a picture of Borgward, cigar in mouth, on the magazine’s entry cover. It was strongly important of Carl Borgward's small business approach, and included many on the arguments later advanced to go into detail or justify the businesses demise. The widest range involving cars from any producer in Germany, produced by three until finally recently operationally autonomous companies (Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd) was supporting a turnover involving only 650 million Scars, placing the overall sales value from the combined Borgward auto firms only in fifth situation among Germany's auto-makers. The 70-year-old Carl Borgward's "hands-on" insistence on an increasingly manic proliferation involving new and modified models featuring adventurous, but under-developed technological inventions ("fast manisch[e] Konstruierwut") presented rise to components which too much did not work, broke down or droped apart, resulting in massive expenses for pre-delivery remediation and/or publish delivery warranty work that found their long ago to the company.The December 1960 Spiegel article wasn't the only serious open criticism targeting Borgward at the moment: suddenly stridently negative (if more succinct) comments also resulted in in the influential mass-market Bild newspaper and in television reviews. Critical media commentaries furthermore appeared concerning large loans to the Borgward Group provided from the local Landesbank.It is apparent how the business was confronting cash-flow difficulties at the conclusion of 1960. Capital intensive businesses for example auto manufacturing use their particular expensive machines and tools most efficiently as long as they use them constantly on full capacity, but the car market in Europe from the 1950s/60s was more in season than today, with sales diminishing inside Winter, then peaking in the early summer months: Borgward’s inventory of unsold cars by the end of 1960 was above usual, reflecting ambitious growth programs, most obviously in respect of the usa market[11] The December 1960 Spiegel article speculated that on the 15, 000 Borgward cars ordered through the North American dealers throughout 1960 (and in the 12, 000 delivered to these people) 6, 000 might have to become taken back following a slump in North american demand. (Borgward was not really the only European auto maker hit by way of a North American slump sought after for imported cars throughout 1960. In the same season two ships carrying Renault Dauphines were turned the government financial aid mid-Atlantic because the docks in The big apple were overcrowded with unsold Dauphines.
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At the conclusion of December 1960 Borgward approached the bank for a further just one million Marks of credit, the loan to be backed with a guarantee from the Bremen regional government which initially the Bremen senators consented to provide. However, following the flood of critical press comment the senators withdrew their promise. They now required Carl Borgward to pledge the corporation itself to the state in return for the guarantee. After a tense 13-hour meeting widely reported in the still hostile media, Borgward agreed to your senate’s terms on four February 1961, thereby averting the bankruptcy from the business.The Bremen Senate also insisted on appointing its nominee as chairman with the company’s supervisory board. The man they chose was Johannes Semler which reports generally describe as a “Wirtschaftsprüfer” (public auditor), though this designation, especially once translated in English, does less than full justice to the breadth of Semler’s career. He had studied rules at university and worked initially like a lawyer. The scion of a leading Hamburg political family, in 1945 he acquired himself been a founding person in the centre-right CSU gathering, and was a member of the Bundestag between 1950 along with 1953. Despite his Hamburg roots, Semler was by this time around based in Munich, with a network of contacts from the Bavarian establishment that probably included fellow CSU politician plus the future German chancellor, Ludwig Erhard, who in 1948 had succeeded Semler within a top administrative position from the Bizone. The appointment of Johannes Semler for the reason that representative of the Bremen senators to help chair the Borgward supervisory panel would, in retrospect, contribute to the debate that followed the Borgward personal bankruptcy.
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In 28 July 1961 Semler, as Chairman of the actual supervisory board joined the directors from the three companies Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd to instigate proceedings for your establishment of a “Vergleichsverfahren”, which would have provided for just a court sanctioned scheme of arrangement enabling the business to continue to trade while while doing so protecting the interests involving creditors. [16] Two months afterwards, however, in September 1961, the Borgward and Goliath companies were declared bankrupt, followed in November through the Lloyd business. Subsequent “conspiracy theorists” get suggested that Semler, for reasons of his very own, never had any objective of allowing the Borgward auto-businesses to be able to survive.
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