Borgward is an automobile manufacturer originally launched by Carl F. W. Borgward. The original company, based in Bremen in Germany, ceased operations in the particular 1960s. The Borgward group produced four brands of automobiles: Borgward, Hansa, Goliath and Lloyd.The marque has given that been revived by Carl Borgward's grandson, Christian Borgward, together with his partner Karlheinz L. Knöss, with assistance from China investment, and unveiled the corporation's first new car in over 40 years, the BX7 at the actual 2015 International Motor Demonstrate.The origins of Bremen's most significant auto-business get back on 1905 with the organization in nearby Varel in the "Hansa Automobilgesellschaft" and the building blocks in Bremen itself of "Namag", maker of the Lloyd vehicle. These two businesses merged in 1914 to create the "Hansa-Lloyd-Werke A. G. ". After the war, in the troubled economic situation then confronting Germany, the business failed to prosper and because of the late 1920s faced bankruptcy. For Carl Borgward, already the successful creator of the Goliath-Blitzkarren business, the misfortunes of Hansa-Lloyd presented a possibility greatly to expand the scope of his car business, and he took control of computer.
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The initial "automobile" Carl Borgward made was the 1924 Blitzkarren (turbo cart), a sort of very small three-wheeled van with a couple of hp (1. 5 kW), which was an enormous success already in the market gap it filled. Traders with a small budget got it for delivery. The Reichspost ordered quite a few for postal service.In 1929, Borgward became the representative of Hansa Lloyd AG having had time to merge his "Goliath-Werke Borgward & Co. " with "Hansa-Lloyd. The small Goliath-Blitzkarren had nowadays evolved into the even now three wheeler timber framed synthetic leather bodied 5 as well as 7 hp Goliath Leading. Borgward turned his awareness of the other businesses and led the development in the Hansa Konsul. In February 1937, there came the fresh Hansa Borgward 2000 as well as in 1939 the brand was shortened to Borgward 2000. The 2000 model was followed by the Borgward 2300that remained in production until 1942.After World War II, in 1946 Carl Borgward used many of the brand names from firms he had acquired over the years to found three individual companies: Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd. This was intended to increase the number of steel allocated to his business at the same time of austerity and rationing. For many purposes nokia's would be run like a single entity, but in a business operated by a man to whom delegation failed to come naturally the growth of legal entities nonetheless added unhelpful layers of complexity from the 1950s and encouraged a broadening from the range which finally proved financially unsustainable with all the sales volumes achievable. In 1949 company introduced the Borgward Hansa 1500.One of several top engineers at Borgward coming from 1938-1952 was Dipl. Ing. Hubert M. Meingast.Production of the Borgward Isabella started out in 1954. The Isabella would become Borgward's most popular model and remained in production with the life of the firm. In 1960 the Borgward P100 ended up being introduced, equipped with pneumatic suspension.Borgward introduced a line of 1500 cc sports racers within the late 1950s, with the 16-valve engine from these becoming a successful Formula Two power unit (that has been also used by a number of F1 privateers in 1961).Although Borgward pioneered technical novelties from the German market such while air suspension and automatic transmission, the company had trouble competing available. While larger companies including Opel and VW took advantage of economies of scale and also kept their prices low to gain market share, Borgward's cost structure was even beyond necessary for its dimensions, as it basically operated as four tiny independent companies and do not implemented such basic charge reduction strategies as articulation development and parts sharing involving the company's makes. Borgward suffered quality problems too. The Lloyd Arabella was technically advanced being a water-cooled boxer with entrance wheel drive, but plagued with problems including water leakage and gearbox errors. Lloyd lost money on the car though it was more expensive compared to its direct competitors.In 1961, the company was required into liquidation by lenders. Carl Borgward died with July 1963, still insisting the company had been technically solvent. This proved to be true from the sense that after your creditors were paid completely, there was still four. 5 million Marks remaining from the business.
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Stories of difficulties at Borgward surfaced within the article that appeared with Germany's leading news newspaper, “Der Spiegel” on 15 December 1960”. The very long, detailed, and in places repeated Spiegel article was highlighted by using a picture of Borgward, cigar in mouth, on the magazine’s the front cover. It was strongly important of Carl Borgward's enterprise approach, and included many in the arguments later advanced to describe or justify the firm's demise. The widest range involving cars from any maker in Germany, produced by three until finally recently operationally autonomous firms (Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd) was supporting a turnover connected with only 650 million Grades, placing the overall sales value from the combined Borgward auto organizations only in fifth situation among Germany's auto-makers. The 70-year-old Carl Borgward's "hands-on" insistence on an increasingly manic proliferation connected with new and modified types featuring adventurous, but under-developed technological enhancements ("fast manisch[e] Konstruierwut") presented rise to components which excessively did not work, broke down or fell into apart, resulting in massive charges for pre-delivery remediation and/or write-up delivery warranty work that found their long ago to the company.The December 1960 Spiegel article hasn't been the only serious community criticism targeting Borgward currently: suddenly stridently negative (in the event more succinct) comments also resulted in in the influential mass-market Bild magazine and in television reviews. Critical media commentaries also appeared concerning large loans for the Borgward Group provided by the local Landesbank.It is apparent that this business was confronting cash-flow difficulties by the end of 1960. Capital intensive businesses such as auto manufacturing use his or her expensive machines and tools most efficiently when they use them constantly on full capacity, but the car market in Europe inside 1950s/60s was more seasonal than today, with sales diminishing inside Winter, then peaking in their early summer months: Borgward’s inventory of unsold cars by the end of 1960 was beyond usual, reflecting ambitious growth programs, most obviously in respect of america market[11] The December 1960 Spiegel article speculated that of the 15, 000 Borgward cars ordered through the North American dealers in 1960 (and on the 12, 000 delivered to these) 6, 000 might have to get taken back following a slump in United states demand. (Borgward was not the sole European auto maker hit by way of North American slump successful for imported cars while in 1960. In the same season two ships carrying Renault Dauphines were turned last mid-Atlantic because the docks in Ny were overcrowded with unsold Dauphines.
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By the end of December 1960 Borgward approached the lending company for a further just one million Marks of credit, the loan to be backed by way of guarantee from the Bremen local government which initially the Bremen senators decided provide. However, following the flood involving critical press comment the particular senators withdrew their guarantee. They now required Carl Borgward to pledge this company itself to the state in substitution for the guarantee. After a tense 13-hour meeting widely reported within a still hostile media, Borgward agreed to your senate’s terms on several February 1961, thereby averting the bankruptcy on the business.The Bremen Senate additionally insisted on appointing its own nominee as chairman of the company’s supervisory board. The man they select was Johannes Semler to whom reports generally describe as being a “Wirtschaftsprüfer” (public auditor), though this designation, especially once translated straight into English, does less than full justice to the breadth of Semler’s occupation. He had studied legislation at university and worked initially being a lawyer. The scion of a respected Hamburg political family, in 1945 he received himself been a founding member of the centre-right CSU bash, and was a member of the Bundestag between 1950 and 1953. Despite his Hamburg origins, Semler was by this time based in Munich, with a network of contacts within the Bavarian establishment that likely included fellow CSU politician and also the future German chancellor, Ludwig Erhard, who in 1948 had succeeded Semler inside a top administrative position within the Bizone. The appointment of Johannes Semler as the representative of the Bremen senators to chair the Borgward supervisory table would, in retrospect, contribute to the conflict that followed the Borgward bankruptcy.
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Upon 28 July 1961 Semler, as Chairman of this supervisory board joined the directors on the three companies Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd to instigate proceedings to the establishment of a “Vergleichsverfahren”, which would have provided for the court sanctioned scheme of arrangement enabling the organization to continue to trade while as well protecting the interests connected with creditors. [16] Two months later, however, in September 1961, the Borgward and Goliath firms were declared bankrupt, followed in November through the Lloyd business. Subsequent “conspiracy theorists” get suggested that Semler, for reasons of his own, never had any intention of allowing the Borgward auto-businesses to help survive.
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