Borgward is surely an automobile manufacturer originally founded by Carl F. W. Borgward. The original company, based in Bremen inside Germany, ceased operations in the 1960s. The Borgward group generated four brands of automobiles: Borgward, Hansa, Goliath and Lloyd.The marque has since been revived by Carl Borgward's grandson, Christian Borgward, together with his spouse Karlheinz L. Knöss, with assistance from Chinese language investment, and unveiled the businesses first new car in over 40 years, the BX7 at the actual 2015 International Motor Show.The origins of Bremen's most significant auto-business return to 1905 with the establishment in nearby Varel of the "Hansa Automobilgesellschaft" and the foundation in Bremen itself of "Namag", maker of the Lloyd car or truck. These two businesses merged in 1914 to form the "Hansa-Lloyd-Werke A. G. ". After the war, in the troubled financial status then confronting Germany, the business failed to prosper and with the late 1920s faced bankruptcy. For Carl Borgward, already the successful creator with the Goliath-Blitzkarren business, the misfortunes of Hansa-Lloyd presented an opportunity greatly to expand the scope of his automobile business, and he took control from it.
The first "automobile" Carl Borgward developed was the 1924 Blitzkarren (super cart), a sort of small three-wheeled van with two hp (1. 5 kW), which was an enormous success available in the market gap it filled. Traders with a small budget got it for delivery. The Reichspost ordered many of them for postal service.In 1929, Borgward became the overseer of Hansa Lloyd AG having gotten to merge his "Goliath-Werke Borgward & Company. " with "Hansa-Lloyd. The small Goliath-Blitzkarren had chances are evolved into the even now three wheeler timber presented synthetic leather bodied 5 or perhaps 7 hp Goliath Leader. Borgward turned his attention to the other businesses as well as led the development on the Hansa Konsul. In February 1937, there came the fresh Hansa Borgward 2000 as well as in 1939 the name was shortened to Borgward 2000. The 2000 model was accompanied by the Borgward 2300that remained in production until 1942.After World War II, in 1946 Carl Borgward used a lot of the brand names from organizations he had acquired over the years to found three distinct companies: Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd. This was intended to increase how much steel allocated to his business each time of austerity and rationing. For many purposes the businesses would be run as being a single entity, but in a business operated by the man to whom delegation did not come naturally the growth of legal entities nonetheless added unhelpful layers of complexity through the 1950s and encouraged a broadening in the range which eventually proved financially unsustainable while using sales volumes achievable. In 1949 company introduced the Borgward Hansa 1500.Among the top engineers at Borgward coming from 1938-1952 was Dipl. Ing. Hubert M. Meingast.Production of the Borgward Isabella started in 1954. The Isabella would become Borgward's hottest model and remained in production to the life of the corporation. In 1960 the Borgward P100 was introduced, equipped with pneumatic suspension.Borgward introduced a brand of 1500 cc sports racers from the late 1950s, with the 16-valve engine from these to become successful Formula Two power unit (which was also used by some F1 privateers in 1961).Although Borgward pioneered technical novelties in the German market such seeing that air suspension and programmed transmission, the company had trouble competing in the market. While larger companies including Opel and VW took benefit from economies of scale and also kept their prices low to gain market share, Borgward's cost structure was even beyond necessary for its measurement, as it basically managed as four tiny independent companies and don't implemented such basic charge reduction strategies as shared development and parts sharing between the company's makes. Borgward suffered quality problems also. The Lloyd Arabella was technically advanced to be a water-cooled boxer with front wheel drive, but plagued with problems including water leakage and gearbox errors. Lloyd lost money on the car community . was more expensive compared to its direct competitors.In 1961, the company was forced into liquidation by credit card companies. Carl Borgward died with July 1963, still insisting the company had been technically solvent. This proved to be true from the sense that after the particular creditors were paid fully, there was still several. 5 million Marks remaining from the business.
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Stories of difficulties at Borgward surfaced in a article that appeared inside Germany's leading news newspaper, “Der Spiegel” on age 14 December 1960”. The very long, detailed, and in places recurring Spiegel article was highlighted through a picture of Borgward, cigar in mouth, on the magazine’s front cover. It was strongly critical of Carl Borgward's company approach, and included many of the arguments later advanced to spell out or justify the firm's demise. The widest range involving cars from any company in Germany, produced by three until finally recently operationally autonomous corporations (Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd) seemed to be supporting a turnover involving only 650 million Signifies, placing the overall sales value through the combined Borgward auto firms only in fifth placement among Germany's auto-makers. The 70-year-old Carl Borgward's "hands-on" insistence by using an increasingly manic proliferation involving new and modified types featuring adventurous, but under-developed technological innovations ("fast manisch[e] Konstruierwut") offered rise to components which all too often did not work, broke down or fell apart, resulting in massive charges for pre-delivery remediation and/or publish delivery warranty work that found their way back to the company.The December 1960 Spiegel article was not the only serious general public criticism targeting Borgward presently: suddenly stridently negative (in the event that more succinct) comments also resulted in in the influential mass-market Bild magazine and in television studies. Critical media commentaries furthermore appeared concerning large loans towards the Borgward Group provided from the local Landesbank.It is apparent which the business was confronting cash-flow difficulties at the end of 1960. Capital intensive businesses such as auto manufacturing use his or her expensive machines and tools most efficiently when they use them constantly on full capacity, but the car market in Europe inside the 1950s/60s was more seasonal than today, with sales diminishing within Winter, then peaking in the early summer months: Borgward’s inventory of unsold cars by the end of 1960 was beyond usual, reflecting ambitious growth strategies, most obviously in respect of north america market[11] The December 1960 Spiegel article speculated that from the 15, 000 Borgward cars ordered by the North American dealers with 1960 (and on the 12, 000 delivered to them) 6, 000 might have to be taken back following a slump in American demand. (Borgward was not the only real European auto maker hit by a North American slump successful for imported cars in the course of 1960. In the same year two ships carrying Renault Dauphines were turned back in mid-Atlantic because the docks in New york were overcrowded with unsold Dauphines.
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At the end of December 1960 Borgward approached the bank for a further one particular million Marks of credit ratings, the loan to be backed with a guarantee from the Bremen regional government which initially the Bremen senators decided provide. However, following the flood associated with critical press comment this senators withdrew their guarantee. They now required Carl Borgward to pledge the organization itself to the state in return for the guarantee. After a tense 13-hour meeting widely reported in a very still hostile media, Borgward agreed to the actual senate’s terms on several February 1961, thereby averting the bankruptcy from the business.The Bremen Senate likewise insisted on appointing its very own nominee as chairman from the company’s supervisory board. The man they chose was Johannes Semler which reports generally describe to be a “Wirtschaftsprüfer” (public auditor), though this designation, especially once translated in to English, does less than full justice on the breadth of Semler’s vocation. He had studied regulation at university and worked initially as a lawyer. The scion of a respected Hamburg political family, in 1945 he got himself been a founding person in the centre-right CSU celebration, and was a member of the Bundestag between 1950 along with 1953. Despite his Hamburg beginnings, Semler was by this time based in Munich, with a network of contacts within the Bavarian establishment that probably included fellow CSU politician and the future German chancellor, Ludwig Erhard, who in 1948 had succeeded Semler in a very top administrative position within the Bizone. The appointment of Johannes Semler because the representative of the Bremen senators to help chair the Borgward supervisory mother board would, in retrospect, contribute to the debate that followed the Borgward a bankruptcy proceeding.
On 28 July 1961 Semler, as Chairman of the particular supervisory board joined the directors of the three companies Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd to instigate proceedings for your establishment of a “Vergleichsverfahren”, which would have provided for any court sanctioned scheme of arrangement enabling the business to continue to trade while simultaneously protecting the interests of creditors. [16] Two months after, however, in September 1961, the Borgward and Goliath organizations were declared bankrupt, followed in November through the Lloyd business. Subsequent “conspiracy theorists” include suggested that Semler, for reasons of his own, never had any objective of allowing the Borgward auto-businesses to be able to survive.
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