Borgward is an automobile manufacturer originally founded by Carl F. W. Borgward. The original company, based in Bremen in Germany, ceased operations in the particular 1960s. The Borgward group made four brands of autos: Borgward, Hansa, Goliath and Lloyd.The marque has since been revived by Carl Borgward's grandson, Christian Borgward, together with his companion Karlheinz L. Knöss, with assistance from Chinese investment, and unveiled the business's first new car within over 40 years, the BX7 at this 2015 International Motor Demonstrate.The origins of Bremen's most significant auto-business return to 1905 with the institution in nearby Varel of the "Hansa Automobilgesellschaft" and the foundation in Bremen itself involving "Namag", maker of the Lloyd car. These two businesses merged in 1914 to make the "Hansa-Lloyd-Werke A. G. ". After the war, in the troubled financial situation then confronting Germany, the business failed to prosper and through the late 1920s faced bankruptcy. For Carl Borgward, already the successful creator in the Goliath-Blitzkarren business, the misfortunes of Hansa-Lloyd presented a chance greatly to expand your scope of his automobile business, and he took control than it.
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The primary "automobile" Carl Borgward created was the 1924 Blitzkarren (super cart), a sort of little three-wheeled van with 2 hp (1. 5 kW), which was an enormous success in the market gap it filled. Traders with a small budget bought for delivery. The Reichspost ordered most of them for postal service.In 1929, Borgward became the home of Hansa Lloyd AG having had the opportunity to merge his "Goliath-Werke Borgward & Company. " with "Hansa-Lloyd. The small Goliath-Blitzkarren had right now evolved into the however three wheeler timber framed synthetic leather bodied 5 as well as 7 hp Goliath Leading. Borgward turned his attention to the other businesses as well as led the development on the Hansa Konsul. In February 1937, there came the completely new Hansa Borgward 2000 as well as in 1939 the identify was shortened to Borgward 2000. The 2000 model was accompanied by the Borgward 2300that continued in production until 1942.After World War II, in 1946 Carl Borgward used a lot of the brand names from companies he had acquired over time to found three separate companies: Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd. This was intended to increase the quality of steel allocated to his business at any given time of austerity and rationing. For many purposes the businesses would be run as a single entity, but in a business operated by way of a man to whom delegation did not come naturally the proliferation of legal entities even so added unhelpful layers of complexity from the 1950s and encouraged a broadening of the range which ultimately proved financially unsustainable with all the sales volumes achievable. In 1949 company shown the Borgward Hansa 1500.One of the top engineers at Borgward by 1938-1952 was Dipl. Ing. Hubert M. Meingast.Production of the Borgward Isabella started in 1954. The Isabella would become Borgward's hottest model and remained in production for that life of the company. In 1960 the Borgward P100 was introduced, equipped with pneumatic suspension.Borgward introduced a distinct 1500 cc sports racers in the late 1950s, with the 16-valve engine from these becoming a successful Formula Two power unit (that was also used by a number of F1 privateers in 1961).Although Borgward pioneered technical novelties inside the German market such since air suspension and computerized transmission, the company had trouble competing in the marketplace. While larger companies including Opel and VW took benefit from economies of scale as well as kept their prices low to achieve market share, Borgward's cost structure was even higher than necessary for its measurement, as it basically operated as four tiny independent companies and not implemented such basic cost reduction strategies as shared development and parts sharing involving the company's makes. Borgward suffered quality problems also. The Lloyd Arabella was technically advanced to be a water-cooled boxer with front wheel drive, but plagued with problems such as water leakage and gearbox glitches. Lloyd lost money on the car even though it was more expensive in comparison with its direct competitors.In 1961, the company was compelled into liquidation by collectors. Carl Borgward died inside July 1963, still insisting the company ended up technically solvent. This proved to be true within the sense that after your creditors were paid entirely, there was still 4. 5 million Marks remaining from the business.
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Accounts of difficulties at Borgward surfaced in the article that appeared throughout Germany's leading news publication, “Der Spiegel” on fourteen December 1960”. The very long, detailed, and in places similar Spiegel article was highlighted by using a picture of Borgward, cigar in mouth, on the magazine’s front cover. It was strongly crucial of Carl Borgward's enterprise approach, and included many in the arguments later advanced to describe or justify the corporation's demise. The widest range of cars from any company in Germany, produced by three right up until recently operationally autonomous corporations (Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd) seemed to be supporting a turnover regarding only 650 million Represents, placing the overall sales value on the combined Borgward auto firms only in fifth position among Germany's auto-makers. The 70-year-old Carl Borgward's "hands-on" insistence when using increasingly manic proliferation connected with new and modified types featuring adventurous, but under-developed technological improvements ("fast manisch[e] Konstruierwut") provided rise to components which excessively did not work, broke down or fell apart, resulting in massive bills for pre-delivery remediation and/or write-up delivery warranty work that found their long ago to the company.The December 1960 Spiegel article was not the only serious open criticism targeting Borgward at this time: suddenly stridently negative (in case more succinct) comments also resulted in in the influential mass-market Bild paper and in television accounts. Critical media commentaries additionally appeared concerning large loans to the Borgward Group provided through the local Landesbank.It is apparent that the business was confronting cash-flow difficulties right at the end of 1960. Capital intensive businesses including auto manufacturing use the expensive machines and tools most efficiently as long as they use them constantly in full capacity, but the car market in Europe inside 1950s/60s was more temporary than today, with sales diminishing with Winter, then peaking in the early summer months: Borgward’s inventory of unsold cars right at the end of 1960 was greater than usual, reflecting ambitious growth strategies, most obviously in respect of the united states market[11] The December 1960 Spiegel article speculated that on the 15, 000 Borgward cars ordered by the North American dealers throughout 1960 (and with the 12, 000 delivered to all of them) 6, 000 might have for being taken back following a slump in United states demand. (Borgward was not really the only European auto maker hit with a North American slump successful for imported cars while in 1960. In the same yr two ships carrying Renault Dauphines were turned back in mid-Atlantic because the docks in The big apple were overcrowded with unsold Dauphines.
Towards the end of December 1960 Borgward approached the lending company for a further one particular million Marks of credit, the loan to be backed by a guarantee from the Bremen regional government which initially the Bremen senators decided to provide. However, following the flood connected with critical press comment the particular senators withdrew their ensure. They now required Carl Borgward to pledge the company itself to the state in substitution for the guarantee. After a tense 13-hour meeting widely reported in a very still hostile media, Borgward agreed to this senate’s terms on 5 February 1961, thereby averting the bankruptcy of the business.The Bremen Senate also insisted on appointing its very own nominee as chairman with the company’s supervisory board. The man they selected was Johannes Semler whom reports generally describe to be a “Wirtschaftsprüfer” (public auditor), though this designation, especially once translated in to English, does less than full justice for the breadth of Semler’s vocation. He had studied legislation at university and worked initially to be a lawyer. The scion of a number one Hamburg political family, in 1945 he got himself been a founding person in the centre-right CSU celebration, and was a member of the Bundestag between 1950 and 1953. Despite his Hamburg roots, Semler was by this time around based in Munich, with a network of contacts from the Bavarian establishment that likely included fellow CSU politician along with the future German chancellor, Ludwig Erhard, who in 1948 had succeeded Semler in a top administrative position in the Bizone. The appointment of Johannes Semler for the reason that representative of the Bremen senators to chair the Borgward supervisory aboard would, in retrospect, contribute to the hot debate that followed the Borgward personal bankruptcy.
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In 28 July 1961 Semler, as Chairman of this supervisory board joined the directors of the three companies Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd to instigate proceedings for the establishment of a “Vergleichsverfahren”, which would have provided to get a court sanctioned scheme of arrangement enabling the organization to continue to trade while while doing so protecting the interests connected with creditors. [16] Two months later, however, in September 1961, the Borgward and Goliath companies were declared bankrupt, followed in November through the Lloyd business. Subsequent “conspiracy theorists” have suggested that Semler, for reasons of his own, never had any goal of allowing the Borgward auto-businesses to survive.
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