Borgward is usually an automobile manufacturer originally founded by Carl F. W. Borgward. The original company, based in Bremen inside Germany, ceased operations in your 1960s. The Borgward group made four brands of cars: Borgward, Hansa, Goliath and Lloyd.The marque has considering that been revived by Carl Borgward's son, Christian Borgward, together with his associate Karlheinz L. Knöss, with assistance from Chinese language investment, and unveiled the corporation's first new car with over 40 years, the BX7 at the actual 2015 International Motor Show.The origins of Bremen's most significant auto-business get back on 1905 with the place in nearby Varel from the "Hansa Automobilgesellschaft" and the inspiration in Bremen itself of "Namag", maker of the Lloyd car or truck. These two businesses merged in 1914 in order to create the "Hansa-Lloyd-Werke A. G. ". After the war, in the troubled financial crisis then confronting Germany, the business failed to prosper and with the late 1920s faced individual bankruptcy. For Carl Borgward, already the successful creator on the Goliath-Blitzkarren business, the misfortunes of Hansa-Lloyd presented the possibility greatly to expand the particular scope of his automotive business, and he took control of the usb ports.
The first "automobile" Carl Borgward designed was the 1924 Blitzkarren (super cart), a sort of very small three-wheeled van with two hp (1. 5 kW), which was an enormous success out there gap it filled. Traders with a small budget ordered for delivery. The Reichspost ordered many for postal service.In 1929, Borgward became the overseer of Hansa Lloyd AG having been able to merge his "Goliath-Werke Borgward & Company. " with "Hansa-Lloyd. The small Goliath-Blitzkarren had nowadays evolved into the nevertheless three wheeler timber presented synthetic leather bodied 5 or even 7 hp Goliath Leader. Borgward turned his attention to the other businesses in addition to led the development with the Hansa Konsul. In February 1937, there came the brand new Hansa Borgward 2000 as well as in 1939 the title was shortened to Borgward 2000. The 2000 model was as well as the Borgward 2300that stayed in production until 1942.After World War II, in 1946 Carl Borgward used a few of the brand names from companies he had acquired through the years to found three independent companies: Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd. This was intended to increase the number of steel allocated to his business each time of austerity and rationing. For many purposes the businesses would be run like a single entity, but in a business operated by a man to whom delegation wouldn't come naturally the growth of legal entities even so added unhelpful layers of complexity through the 1950s and encouraged a broadening from the range which finally proved financially unsustainable while using the sales volumes achievable. In 1949 company displayed the Borgward Hansa 1500.One of the top engineers at Borgward via 1938-1952 was Dipl. Ing. Hubert M. Meingast.Production of the Borgward Isabella begun in 1954. The Isabella would become Borgward's most widely used model and remained in production with the life of the firm. In 1960 the Borgward P100 seemed to be introduced, equipped with pneumatic suspension.Borgward introduced a distinct 1500 cc sports racers inside the late 1950s, with the 16-valve engine from these becoming a successful Formula Two power unit (that has been also used by several F1 privateers in 1961).Although Borgward pioneered technical novelties from the German market such while air suspension and automated transmission, the company had trouble competing in the marketplace. While larger companies such as Opel and VW took benefit from economies of scale and also kept their prices low to find market share, Borgward's cost structure was even higher than necessary for its dimension, as it basically controlled as four tiny independent companies rather than implemented such basic price reduction strategies as articulation development and parts sharing between company's makes. Borgward suffered quality problems also. The Lloyd Arabella was technically advanced to be a water-cooled boxer with top wheel drive, but plagued with problems like water leakage and gearbox errors. Lloyd lost money on the car just about the most was more expensive in comparison with its direct competitors.In 1961, the company was compelled into liquidation by credit card companies. Carl Borgward died throughout July 1963, still insisting the company have been technically solvent. This proved to be true inside sense that after the particular creditors were paid fully, there was still some. 5 million Marks left over from the business.
Stories of difficulties at Borgward surfaced in a article that appeared in Germany's leading news journal, “Der Spiegel” on fourteen December 1960”. The very long, detailed, and in places repeated Spiegel article was highlighted through a picture of Borgward, cigar in mouth, on the magazine’s top cover. It was strongly vital of Carl Borgward's small business approach, and included many in the arguments later advanced to spell out or justify the businesses demise. The widest range connected with cars from any producer in Germany, produced by three until eventually recently operationally autonomous businesses (Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd) ended up being supporting a turnover regarding only 650 million Represents, placing the overall sales value on the combined Borgward auto companies only in fifth situation among Germany's auto-makers. The 70-year-old Carl Borgward's "hands-on" insistence by using an increasingly manic proliferation connected with new and modified models featuring adventurous, but under-developed technological enhancements ("fast manisch[e] Konstruierwut") gave rise to components which all too often did not work, broke down or dropped apart, resulting in massive costs for pre-delivery remediation and/or publish delivery warranty work that found their way back to the company.The December 1960 Spiegel article hasn't been the only serious public criticism targeting Borgward currently: suddenly stridently negative (in the event more succinct) comments also resulted in in the influential mass-market Bild newspapers and in television accounts. Critical media commentaries in addition appeared concerning large loans to the Borgward Group provided by the local Landesbank.It is apparent that the business was confronting cash-flow difficulties at the end of 1960. Capital intensive businesses such as auto manufacturing use his or her expensive machines and tools most efficiently as long as they use them constantly in full capacity, but the car market in Europe inside the 1950s/60s was more periodic than today, with sales diminishing in Winter, then peaking in their early summer months: Borgward’s inventory of unsold cars at the end of 1960 was higher than usual, reflecting ambitious growth programs, most obviously in respect of the united states market[11] The December 1960 Spiegel article speculated that from the 15, 000 Borgward cars ordered through the North American dealers with 1960 (and in the 12, 000 delivered to all of them) 6, 000 might have to become taken back following a slump in United states demand. (Borgward was not really the only European auto maker hit by way of a North American slump widely used for imported cars throughout 1960. In the same 12 months two ships carrying Renault Dauphines were turned in mid-Atlantic because the docks in New york were overcrowded with unsold Dauphines.
At the end of December 1960 Borgward approached the lending company for a further just one million Marks of credit score, the loan to be backed by a guarantee from the Bremen regional government which initially the Bremen senators consented to provide. However, following the flood involving critical press comment this senators withdrew their assure. They now required Carl Borgward to pledge the business itself to the state in substitution for the guarantee. After a tense 13-hour meeting widely reported in the still hostile media, Borgward agreed to the particular senate’s terms on some February 1961, thereby averting the bankruptcy with the business.The Bremen Senate also insisted on appointing its very own nominee as chairman in the company’s supervisory board. The man they decided to go with was Johannes Semler to whom reports generally describe to be a “Wirtschaftsprüfer” (public auditor), though this designation, especially once translated in to English, does less than full justice to the breadth of Semler’s vocation. He had studied law at university and worked initially like a lawyer. The scion of a top Hamburg political family, in 1945 he acquired himself been a founding person in the centre-right CSU get together, and was a member of the Bundestag between 1950 and 1953. Despite his Hamburg beginning, Semler was by on this occasion based in Munich, with a network of contacts from the Bavarian establishment that almost certainly included fellow CSU politician plus the future German chancellor, Ludwig Erhard, who in 1948 had succeeded Semler in a very top administrative position inside the Bizone. The appointment of Johannes Semler for the reason that representative of the Bremen senators for you to chair the Borgward supervisory panel would, in retrospect, contribute to the debate that followed the Borgward personal bankruptcy.
On 28 July 1961 Semler, as Chairman of the particular supervisory board joined the directors on the three companies Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd to instigate proceedings for the establishment of a “Vergleichsverfahren”, which would have provided for the court sanctioned scheme of arrangement enabling this company to continue to trade while concurrently protecting the interests connected with creditors. [16] Two months later, however, in September 1961, the Borgward and Goliath companies were declared bankrupt, followed in November because of the Lloyd business. Subsequent “conspiracy theorists” include suggested that Semler, for reasons of his or her own, never had any intention of allowing the Borgward auto-businesses to survive.
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