Borgward can be an automobile manufacturer originally started by Carl F. W. Borgward. The original company, based in Bremen within Germany, ceased operations in the actual 1960s. The Borgward group made four brands of cars: Borgward, Hansa, Goliath and Lloyd.The marque has because been revived by Carl Borgward's grand son, Christian Borgward, together with his lover Karlheinz L. Knöss, with assistance from Far east investment, and unveiled the business's first new car within over 40 years, the BX7 at this 2015 International Motor Demonstrate.The origins of Bremen's most significant auto-business get back on 1905 with the business in nearby Varel in the "Hansa Automobilgesellschaft" and the foundation in Bremen itself of "Namag", maker of the Lloyd car or truck. These two businesses merged in 1914 in order to create the "Hansa-Lloyd-Werke A. G. ". After the war, in the troubled financial crisis then confronting Germany, the business failed to prosper and through the late 1920s faced personal bankruptcy. For Carl Borgward, already the successful creator in the Goliath-Blitzkarren business, the misfortunes of Hansa-Lloyd presented a possibility greatly to expand the particular scope of his automotive business, and he took control of computer.
The 1st "automobile" Carl Borgward created was the 1924 Blitzkarren (super cart), a sort of tiny three-wheeled van with two hp (1. 5 kW), which was an enormous success in the market gap it filled. Traders with a small budget got it for delivery. The Reichspost ordered many for postal service.In 1929, Borgward became the movie director of Hansa Lloyd AG having had time to merge his "Goliath-Werke Borgward & Co. " with "Hansa-Lloyd. The small Goliath-Blitzkarren had by now evolved into the nonetheless three wheeler timber presented synthetic leather bodied 5 or perhaps 7 hp Goliath Master. Borgward turned his attention to the other businesses and also led the development from the Hansa Konsul. In February 1937, there came the brand-new Hansa Borgward 2000 and in 1939 the identify was shortened to Borgward 2000. The 2000 model was as well as the Borgward 2300that continued in production until 1942.After World War II, in 1946 Carl Borgward used a lot of the brand names from organizations he had acquired through the years to found three distinct companies: Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd. This was intended to increase the quality of steel allocated to his business each time of austerity and rationing. For many purposes nokia's would be run to be a single entity, but in a business operated with a man to whom delegation did not come naturally the spreading of legal entities nevertheless added unhelpful layers of complexity with the 1950s and encouraged a broadening with the range which in the long run proved financially unsustainable using the sales volumes achievable. In 1949 company introduced the Borgward Hansa 1500.Among the top engineers at Borgward through 1938-1952 was Dipl. Ing. Hubert M. Meingast.Production of the Borgward Isabella commenced in 1954. The Isabella would become Borgward's most in-demand model and remained in production for your life of the firm. In 1960 the Borgward P100 had been introduced, equipped with pneumatic suspension.Borgward introduced a distinctive line of 1500 cc sports racers inside the late 1950s, with the 16-valve engine from these transforming into a successful Formula Two power unit (that was also used by a few F1 privateers in 1961).Although Borgward pioneered technical novelties inside German market such because air suspension and programmed transmission, the company had trouble competing out there. While larger companies such as Opel and VW took selling point of economies of scale along with kept their prices low to realize market share, Borgward's cost structure was even beyond necessary for its measurement, as it basically handled as four tiny independent companies and never implemented such basic price tag reduction strategies as mutual development and parts sharing relating to the company's makes. Borgward suffered quality problems too. The Lloyd Arabella was technically advanced as being a water-cooled boxer with entry wheel drive, but plagued with problems like water leakage and gearbox errors. Lloyd lost money on the car although it was more expensive when compared with its direct competitors.In 1961, the company was forced into liquidation by collectors. Carl Borgward died in July 1963, still insisting the company ended up technically solvent. This proved to be true within the sense that after your creditors were paid fully, there was still some. 5 million Marks left over from the business.
Studies of difficulties at Borgward surfaced within the article that appeared with Germany's leading news mag, “Der Spiegel” on 14 December 1960”. The very long, detailed, and in places recurring Spiegel article was highlighted through a picture of Borgward, cigar in mouth, on the magazine’s entry cover. It was strongly important of Carl Borgward's business approach, and included many on the arguments later advanced to spell out or justify the business's demise. The widest range connected with cars from any supplier in Germany, produced by three till recently operationally autonomous corporations (Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd) ended up being supporting a turnover of only 650 million Grades, placing the overall sales value through the combined Borgward auto corporations only in fifth position among Germany's auto-makers. The 70-year-old Carl Borgward's "hands-on" insistence on an increasingly manic proliferation connected with new and modified models featuring adventurous, but under-developed technological innovations ("fast manisch[e] Konstruierwut") provided rise to components which many times did not work, broke down or fell apart, resulting in massive payments for pre-delivery remediation and/or post delivery warranty work that found their made use of to the company.The December 1960 Spiegel article hasn't been the only serious general public criticism targeting Borgward currently: suddenly stridently negative (in case more succinct) comments also resulted in in the influential mass-market Bild newspaper and in television reviews. Critical media commentaries also appeared concerning large loans on the Borgward Group provided by the local Landesbank.It is apparent which the business was confronting cash-flow difficulties at the end of 1960. Capital intensive businesses including auto manufacturing use his or her expensive machines and tools most efficiently as long as they use them constantly at full capacity, but the car market in Europe in the 1950s/60s was more seasons than today, with sales diminishing with Winter, then peaking in earlier summer months: Borgward’s inventory of unsold cars at the conclusion of 1960 was beyond usual, reflecting ambitious growth ideas, most obviously in respect of the usa market[11] The December 1960 Spiegel article speculated that on the 15, 000 Borgward cars ordered from the North American dealers within 1960 (and on the 12, 000 delivered to all of them) 6, 000 might have to become taken back following a slump in United states demand. (Borgward was not the only real European auto maker hit by the North American slump popular for imported cars through 1960. In the same season two ships carrying Renault Dauphines were turned in mid-Atlantic because the docks in Ny were overcrowded with unsold Dauphines.
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By the end of December 1960 Borgward approached your banker for a further one particular million Marks of credit, the loan to be backed by way of guarantee from the Bremen regional government which initially the Bremen senators decided provide. However, following the flood regarding critical press comment the senators withdrew their assurance. They now required Carl Borgward to pledge this company itself to the state in substitution for the guarantee. After a tense 13-hour meeting widely reported in a very still hostile media, Borgward agreed to your senate’s terms on 5 February 1961, thereby averting the bankruptcy in the business.The Bremen Senate furthermore insisted on appointing its nominee as chairman of the company’s supervisory board. The man they chose was Johannes Semler to whom reports generally describe like a “Wirtschaftsprüfer” (public auditor), though this designation, especially once translated directly into English, does less than full justice towards breadth of Semler’s profession. He had studied law at university and worked initially as a lawyer. The scion of a number one Hamburg political family, in 1945 he got himself been a founding member of the centre-right CSU bash, and was a member of the Bundestag between 1950 along with 1953. Despite his Hamburg origins, Semler was by these times based in Munich, with a network of contacts from the Bavarian establishment that almost certainly included fellow CSU politician as well as the future German chancellor, Ludwig Erhard, who in 1948 had succeeded Semler in a top administrative position inside the Bizone. The appointment of Johannes Semler as the representative of the Bremen senators to chair the Borgward supervisory mother board would, in retrospect, contribute to the hot debate that followed the Borgward bankruptcy.
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About 28 July 1961 Semler, as Chairman of your supervisory board joined the directors from the three companies Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd to instigate proceedings to the establishment of a “Vergleichsverfahren”, which would have provided to get a court sanctioned scheme of arrangement enabling the business enterprise to continue to trade while while doing so protecting the interests regarding creditors. [16] Two months in the future, however, in September 1961, the Borgward and Goliath organizations were declared bankrupt, followed in November through the Lloyd business. Subsequent “conspiracy theorists” include suggested that Semler, for reasons of their own, never had any intention of allowing the Borgward auto-businesses in order to survive.
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