Borgward is usually an automobile manufacturer originally started by Carl F. W. Borgward. The original company, based in Bremen within Germany, ceased operations in this 1960s. The Borgward group developed four brands of autos: Borgward, Hansa, Goliath and Lloyd.The marque has due to the fact been revived by Carl Borgward's son, Christian Borgward, together with his partner Karlheinz L. Knöss, with assistance from Chinese language investment, and unveiled the businesses first new car in over 40 years, the BX7 at the particular 2015 International Motor Display.The origins of Bremen's most significant auto-business get back to 1905 with the business in nearby Varel from the "Hansa Automobilgesellschaft" and the muse in Bremen itself associated with "Namag", maker of the Lloyd auto. These two businesses merged in 1914 to create the "Hansa-Lloyd-Werke A. G. ". After the war, in the troubled financial situation then confronting Germany, the business failed to prosper and from the late 1920s faced bankruptcy. For Carl Borgward, already the successful creator from the Goliath-Blitzkarren business, the misfortunes of Hansa-Lloyd presented a possibility greatly to expand the actual scope of his automobile business, and he took control of it.
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The first "automobile" Carl Borgward intended was the 1924 Blitzkarren (lightning cart), a sort of small three-wheeled van with 2 hp (1. 5 kW), which was an enormous success already in the market gap it filled. Traders with a small budget bought for delivery. The Reichspost ordered quite a few for postal service.In 1929, Borgward became the director of Hansa Lloyd AG having gotten to merge his "Goliath-Werke Borgward & Corp. " with "Hansa-Lloyd. The small Goliath-Blitzkarren had by now evolved into the nonetheless three wheeler timber framed synthetic leather bodied 5 or even 7 hp Goliath Founder. Borgward turned his attention to the other businesses as well as led the development with the Hansa Konsul. In February 1937, there came the brand new Hansa Borgward 2000 as well as in 1939 the title was shortened to Borgward 2000. The 2000 model was as well as the Borgward 2300that remained in production until 1942.After World War II, in 1946 Carl Borgward used a few of the brand names from firms he had acquired in the past to found three individual companies: Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd. This was intended to increase how much steel allocated to his business during a period of austerity and rationing. For many purposes nokia's would be run being a single entity, but in a business operated by way of man to whom delegation failed to come naturally the growth of legal entities even so added unhelpful layers of complexity throughout the 1950s and encouraged a broadening on the range which in the end proved financially unsustainable using the sales volumes achievable. In 1949 company displayed the Borgward Hansa 1500.One of several top engineers at Borgward via 1938-1952 was Dipl. Ing. Hubert M. Meingast.Production of the Borgward Isabella began in 1954. The Isabella would become Borgward's most popular model and remained in production for the life of the organization. In 1960 the Borgward P100 ended up being introduced, equipped with pneumatic suspension.Borgward introduced a distinct 1500 cc sports racers within the late 1950s, with the 16-valve engine from these transforming into a successful Formula Two power unit (which was also used by many F1 privateers in 1961).Although Borgward pioneered technical novelties within the German market such seeing that air suspension and intelligent transmission, the company had trouble competing available on the market. While larger companies such as Opel and VW took good thing about economies of scale along with kept their prices low to gain market share, Borgward's cost structure was even greater than necessary for its dimensions, as it basically operated as four tiny independent companies and never implemented such basic charge reduction strategies as mutual development and parts sharing between company's makes. Borgward suffered quality problems also. The Lloyd Arabella was technically advanced as being a water-cooled boxer with front wheel drive, but plagued with problems including water leakage and gearbox mistakes. Lloyd lost money on the car although it was more expensive as compared to its direct competitors.In 1961, the company was pushed into liquidation by credit card companies. Carl Borgward died within July 1963, still insisting the company had been technically solvent. This proved to be true inside the sense that after the actual creditors were paid entirely, there was still several. 5 million Marks left over from the business.
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Stories of difficulties at Borgward surfaced within an article that appeared with Germany's leading news magazine, “Der Spiegel” on age 14 December 1960”. The very long, detailed, and in places repetitive Spiegel article was highlighted by means of a picture of Borgward, cigar in mouth, on the magazine’s front cover. It was strongly vital of Carl Borgward's business approach, and included many from the arguments later advanced to spellout or justify the corporation's demise. The widest range connected with cars from any supplier in Germany, produced by three until finally recently operationally autonomous organizations (Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd) ended up being supporting a turnover regarding only 650 million Scars, placing the overall sales value in the combined Borgward auto corporations only in fifth location among Germany's auto-makers. The 70-year-old Carl Borgward's "hands-on" insistence by using an increasingly manic proliferation associated with new and modified models featuring adventurous, but under-developed technological innovative developments ("fast manisch[e] Konstruierwut") gave rise to components which too often did not work, broke down or droped apart, resulting in massive charges for pre-delivery remediation and/or submit delivery warranty work that found their long ago to the company.The December 1960 Spiegel article wasn't the only serious open public criticism targeting Borgward at the moment: suddenly stridently negative (if more succinct) comments also turned up in the influential mass-market Bild classifieds and in television studies. Critical media commentaries in addition appeared concerning large loans on the Borgward Group provided with the local Landesbank.It is apparent which the business was confronting cash-flow difficulties at the conclusion of 1960. Capital intensive businesses including auto manufacturing use their expensive machines and tools most efficiently whenever they use them constantly on full capacity, but the car market in Europe from the 1950s/60s was more in season than today, with sales diminishing throughout Winter, then peaking in the first summer months: Borgward’s inventory of unsold cars towards the end of 1960 was higher than usual, reflecting ambitious growth programs, most obviously in respect of the usa market[11] The December 1960 Spiegel article speculated that of the 15, 000 Borgward cars ordered with the North American dealers within 1960 (and on the 12, 000 delivered to them) 6, 000 might have to get taken back following a slump in Us demand. (Borgward was not the one European auto maker hit by a North American slump widely used for imported cars through 1960. In the same yr two ships carrying Renault Dauphines were turned last mid-Atlantic because the docks in New york were overcrowded with unsold Dauphines.
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Right at the end of December 1960 Borgward approached the lending company for a further a single million Marks of credit ratings, the loan to be backed by a guarantee from the Bremen regional government which initially the Bremen senators decided to provide. However, following the flood connected with critical press comment this senators withdrew their assure. They now required Carl Borgward to pledge the organization itself to the state in substitution for the guarantee. After a tense 13-hour meeting widely reported in the still hostile media, Borgward agreed to the actual senate’s terms on some February 1961, thereby averting the bankruptcy on the business.The Bremen Senate additionally insisted on appointing a nominee as chairman from the company’s supervisory board. The man they chose was Johannes Semler which reports generally describe like a “Wirtschaftsprüfer” (public auditor), though this designation, especially once translated in English, does less than full justice to the breadth of Semler’s job. He had studied legislations at university and worked initially as a lawyer. The scion of a number one Hamburg political family, in 1945 he acquired himself been a founding member of the centre-right CSU gathering, and was a person in the Bundestag between 1950 and 1953. Despite his Hamburg beginnings, Semler was by this time around based in Munich, with a network of contacts from the Bavarian establishment that most likely included fellow CSU politician along with the future German chancellor, Ludwig Erhard, who in 1948 had succeeded Semler in a very top administrative position in the Bizone. The appointment of Johannes Semler for the reason that representative of the Bremen senators for you to chair the Borgward supervisory aboard would, in retrospect, contribute to the conflict that followed the Borgward a bankruptcy proceeding.
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Upon 28 July 1961 Semler, as Chairman of the actual supervisory board joined the directors of the three companies Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd to instigate proceedings to the establishment of a “Vergleichsverfahren”, which would have provided for the court sanctioned scheme of arrangement enabling the organization to continue to trade while simultaneously protecting the interests associated with creditors. [16] Two months in the future, however, in September 1961, the Borgward and Goliath organizations were declared bankrupt, followed in November with the Lloyd business. Subsequent “conspiracy theorists” possess suggested that Semler, for reasons of his very own, never had any objective of allowing the Borgward auto-businesses to be able to survive.
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