Borgward is an automobile manufacturer originally founded by Carl F. W. Borgward. The original company, based in Bremen in Germany, ceased operations in the actual 1960s. The Borgward group made four brands of automobiles: Borgward, Hansa, Goliath and Lloyd.The marque has because been revived by Carl Borgward's son, Christian Borgward, together with his spouse Karlheinz L. Knöss, with assistance from Far east investment, and unveiled the company's first new car within over 40 years, the BX7 at your 2015 International Motor Demonstrate.The origins of Bremen's most significant auto-business return to 1905 with the establishment in nearby Varel in the "Hansa Automobilgesellschaft" and the building blocks in Bremen itself connected with "Namag", maker of the Lloyd auto. These two businesses merged in 1914 to create the "Hansa-Lloyd-Werke A. G. ". After the war, in the troubled financial status then confronting Germany, the business failed to prosper and by the late 1920s faced bankruptcy. For Carl Borgward, already the successful creator in the Goliath-Blitzkarren business, the misfortunes of Hansa-Lloyd presented the possibility greatly to expand this scope of his automobile business, and he took control from it.
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The very first "automobile" Carl Borgward made was the 1924 Blitzkarren (turbo cart), a sort of teeny three-wheeled van with only two hp (1. 5 kW), which was an enormous success on the market gap it filled. Traders with a small budget purchased for delivery. The Reichspost ordered some of them for postal service.In 1929, Borgward became the director of Hansa Lloyd AG having been able to merge his "Goliath-Werke Borgward & Co. " with "Hansa-Lloyd. The small Goliath-Blitzkarren had right now evolved into the still three wheeler timber framed synthetic leather bodied 5 or 7 hp Goliath Master. Borgward turned his awareness of the other businesses as well as led the development of the Hansa Konsul. In February 1937, there came the brand new Hansa Borgward 2000 as well as in 1939 the label was shortened to Borgward 2000. The 2000 model was as well as the Borgward 2300that continued in production until 1942.After World War II, in 1946 Carl Borgward used a lot of the brand names from firms he had acquired over time to found three different companies: Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd. This was intended to increase the amount of steel allocated to his business each time of austerity and rationing. For many purposes the businesses would be run as a single entity, but in a business operated with a man to whom delegation failed to come naturally the expansion of legal entities even so added unhelpful layers of complexity from the 1950s and encouraged a broadening of the range which finally proved financially unsustainable while using the sales volumes achievable. In 1949 company introduced the Borgward Hansa 1500.One of several top engineers at Borgward coming from 1938-1952 was Dipl. Ing. Hubert M. Meingast.Production of the Borgward Isabella begun in 1954. The Isabella would become Borgward's hottest model and remained in production for that life of the firm. In 1960 the Borgward P100 seemed to be introduced, equipped with pneumatic suspension.Borgward introduced a line of 1500 cc sports racers from the late 1950s, with the 16-valve engine from these transforming into a successful Formula Two power unit (which was also used by several F1 privateers in 1961).Although Borgward pioneered technical novelties inside German market such because air suspension and automated transmission, the company had trouble competing available. While larger companies like Opel and VW took benefit from economies of scale along with kept their prices low to get market share, Borgward's cost structure was even greater than necessary for its measurement, as it basically run as four tiny independent companies and don't implemented such basic price reduction strategies as articulation development and parts sharing between company's makes. Borgward suffered quality problems as well. The Lloyd Arabella was technically advanced as being a water-cooled boxer with top wheel drive, but plagued with problems for instance water leakage and gearbox glitches. Lloyd lost money on the car although it was more expensive as compared to its direct competitors.In 1961, the company was pressured into liquidation by lenders. Carl Borgward died inside July 1963, still insisting the company ended up technically solvent. This proved to be true within the sense that after this creditors were paid 100 %, there was still four. 5 million Marks remaining from the business.
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Reviews of difficulties at Borgward surfaced within the article that appeared with Germany's leading news publication, “Der Spiegel” on 14 December 1960”. The very long, detailed, and in places repeating Spiegel article was highlighted by way of a picture of Borgward, cigar in mouth, on the magazine’s entrance cover. It was strongly vital of Carl Borgward's company approach, and included many from the arguments later advanced to describe or justify the businesses demise. The widest range associated with cars from any company in Germany, produced by three until finally recently operationally autonomous firms (Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd) has been supporting a turnover of only 650 million Grades, placing the overall sales value from the combined Borgward auto companies only in fifth situation among Germany's auto-makers. The 70-year-old Carl Borgward's "hands-on" insistence when using increasingly manic proliferation involving new and modified types featuring adventurous, but under-developed technological enhancements ("fast manisch[e] Konstruierwut") afforded rise to components which all too often did not work, broke down or chop down apart, resulting in massive expenses for pre-delivery remediation and/or article delivery warranty work that found their way back to the company.The December 1960 Spiegel article had not been the only serious public criticism targeting Borgward right now: suddenly stridently negative (in the event more succinct) comments also turned up in the influential mass-market Bild classifieds and in television studies. Critical media commentaries in addition appeared concerning large loans towards Borgward Group provided through the local Landesbank.It is apparent which the business was confronting cash-flow difficulties right at the end of 1960. Capital intensive businesses such as auto manufacturing use their expensive machines and tools most efficiently whenever they use them constantly at full capacity, but the car market in Europe inside 1950s/60s was more in season than today, with sales diminishing in Winter, then peaking in the early summer months: Borgward’s inventory of unsold cars towards the end of 1960 was beyond usual, reflecting ambitious growth plans, most obviously in respect of north america market[11] The December 1960 Spiegel article speculated that with the 15, 000 Borgward cars ordered with the North American dealers inside 1960 (and on the 12, 000 delivered to them) 6, 000 might have to be taken back following a slump in American demand. (Borgward was not the one European auto maker hit by a North American slump widely used for imported cars while in 1960. In the same year two ships carrying Renault Dauphines were turned back in mid-Atlantic because the docks in New york were overcrowded with unsold Dauphines.
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Right at the end of December 1960 Borgward approached the bank for a further a single million Marks of credit history, the loan to be backed with a guarantee from the Bremen local government which initially the Bremen senators opted for provide. However, following the flood involving critical press comment your senators withdrew their assure. They now required Carl Borgward to pledge the organization itself to the state in return for the guarantee. After a tense 13-hour meeting widely reported in a very still hostile media, Borgward agreed to the senate’s terms on several February 1961, thereby averting the bankruptcy on the business.The Bremen Senate likewise insisted on appointing its nominee as chairman on the company’s supervisory board. The man they select was Johannes Semler to whom reports generally describe being a “Wirtschaftsprüfer” (public auditor), though this designation, especially once translated into English, does less than full justice on the breadth of Semler’s career. He had studied legislation at university and worked initially as being a lawyer. The scion of a number one Hamburg political family, in 1945 he acquired himself been a founding member of the centre-right CSU gathering, and was a member of the Bundestag between 1950 as well as 1953. Despite his Hamburg roots, Semler was by this time based in Munich, with a network of contacts inside Bavarian establishment that possibly included fellow CSU politician and the future German chancellor, Ludwig Erhard, who in 1948 had succeeded Semler within a top administrative position inside the Bizone. The appointment of Johannes Semler for the reason that representative of the Bremen senators to be able to chair the Borgward supervisory aboard would, in retrospect, contribute to the controversy that followed the Borgward bankruptcy.
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Upon 28 July 1961 Semler, as Chairman of your supervisory board joined the directors from the three companies Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd to instigate proceedings with the establishment of a “Vergleichsverfahren”, which would have provided for the court sanctioned scheme of arrangement enabling the business to continue to trade while as well protecting the interests connected with creditors. [16] Two months later on, however, in September 1961, the Borgward and Goliath businesses were declared bankrupt, followed in November from the Lloyd business. Subsequent “conspiracy theorists” get suggested that Semler, for reasons of his very own, never had any goal of allowing the Borgward auto-businesses to survive.
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