Borgward is definitely an automobile manufacturer originally founded by Carl F. W. Borgward. The original company, based in Bremen throughout Germany, ceased operations in the particular 1960s. The Borgward group generated four brands of autos: Borgward, Hansa, Goliath and Lloyd.The marque has due to the fact been revived by Carl Borgward's grandson, Christian Borgward, together with his spouse Karlheinz L. Knöss, with assistance from Chinese language investment, and unveiled the firm's first new car with over 40 years, the BX7 at the actual 2015 International Motor Show.The origins of Bremen's most significant auto-business go back to 1905 with the place in nearby Varel on the "Hansa Automobilgesellschaft" and the inspiration in Bremen itself connected with "Namag", maker of the Lloyd automobile. These two businesses merged in 1914 to the "Hansa-Lloyd-Werke A. G. ". After the war, in the troubled economic situation then confronting Germany, the business failed to prosper and from the late 1920s faced chapter 7. For Carl Borgward, already the successful creator from the Goliath-Blitzkarren business, the misfortunes of Hansa-Lloyd presented an opportunity greatly to expand your scope of his vehicle business, and he took control of it.
The very first "automobile" Carl Borgward created was the 1924 Blitzkarren (turbo cart), a sort of tiny three-wheeled van with 2 hp (1. 5 kW), which was an enormous success on the market gap it filled. Traders with a small budget ordered for delivery. The Reichspost ordered quite a few for postal service.In 1929, Borgward became the overseer of Hansa Lloyd AG having had time to merge his "Goliath-Werke Borgward & Co. " with "Hansa-Lloyd. The small Goliath-Blitzkarren had chances are evolved into the still three wheeler timber framed synthetic leather bodied 5 or perhaps 7 hp Goliath Master. Borgward turned his awareness of the other businesses along with led the development from the Hansa Konsul. In February 1937, there came the new Hansa Borgward 2000 and in 1939 the title was shortened to Borgward 2000. The 2000 model was then the Borgward 2300that continued to be in production until 1942.After World War II, in 1946 Carl Borgward used a few of the brand names from firms he had acquired in the past to found three separate companies: Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd. This was intended to increase the quantity of steel allocated to his business at the same time of austerity and rationing. For many purposes the businesses would be run to be a single entity, but in a business operated by way of a man to whom delegation failed to come naturally the spreading of legal entities nevertheless added unhelpful layers of complexity over the 1950s and encouraged a broadening with the range which in the end proved financially unsustainable using the sales volumes achievable. In 1949 company displayed the Borgward Hansa 1500.Among the top engineers at Borgward via 1938-1952 was Dipl. Ing. Hubert M. Meingast.Production of the Borgward Isabella commenced in 1954. The Isabella would become Borgward's most favored model and remained in production for your life of the corporation. In 1960 the Borgward P100 seemed to be introduced, equipped with pneumatic suspension.Borgward introduced a line of 1500 cc sports racers inside late 1950s, with the 16-valve engine from these becoming a successful Formula Two power unit (which has been also used by some F1 privateers in 1961).Although Borgward pioneered technical novelties in the German market such because air suspension and programmed transmission, the company had trouble competing available. While larger companies including Opel and VW took benefit from economies of scale in addition to kept their prices low to achieve market share, Borgward's cost structure was even beyond necessary for its dimensions, as it basically controlled as four tiny independent companies rather than implemented such basic price tag reduction strategies as articulation development and parts sharing relating to the company's makes. Borgward suffered quality problems at the same time. The Lloyd Arabella was technically advanced to be a water-cooled boxer with top wheel drive, but plagued with problems for instance water leakage and gearbox mistakes. Lloyd lost money on the car even though it was more expensive when compared with its direct competitors.In 1961, the company was forced into liquidation by loan companies. Carl Borgward died with July 1963, still insisting the company were being technically solvent. This proved to be true within the sense that after the actual creditors were paid entirely, there was still several. 5 million Marks remaining from the business.
Reports of difficulties at Borgward surfaced in a article that appeared with Germany's leading news mag, “Der Spiegel” on 18 December 1960”. The very long, detailed, and in places repeated Spiegel article was highlighted with a picture of Borgward, cigar in mouth, on the magazine’s front cover. It was strongly essential of Carl Borgward's company approach, and included many of the arguments later advanced to spell out or justify the firm's demise. The widest range regarding cars from any manufacturer in Germany, produced by three until eventually recently operationally autonomous businesses (Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd) ended up being supporting a turnover connected with only 650 million Grades, placing the overall sales value through the combined Borgward auto organizations only in fifth situation among Germany's auto-makers. The 70-year-old Carl Borgward's "hands-on" insistence with an increasingly manic proliferation of new and modified models featuring adventurous, but under-developed technological improvements ("fast manisch[e] Konstruierwut") afforded rise to components which excessively did not work, broke down or droped apart, resulting in massive payments for pre-delivery remediation and/or publish delivery warranty work that found their in the past to the company.The December 1960 Spiegel article hasn't been the only serious general public criticism targeting Borgward at this time: suddenly stridently negative (in the event that more succinct) comments also turned up in the influential mass-market Bild newspapers and in television reviews. Critical media commentaries furthermore appeared concerning large loans to the Borgward Group provided with the local Landesbank.It is apparent that this business was confronting cash-flow difficulties at the end of 1960. Capital intensive businesses including auto manufacturing use the expensive machines and tools most efficiently when they use them constantly at full capacity, but the car market in Europe in the 1950s/60s was more seasons than today, with sales diminishing throughout Winter, then peaking in earlier summer months: Borgward’s inventory of unsold cars towards the end of 1960 was beyond usual, reflecting ambitious growth plans, most obviously in respect of america market[11] The December 1960 Spiegel article speculated that in the 15, 000 Borgward cars ordered from the North American dealers with 1960 (and on the 12, 000 delivered to them) 6, 000 might have being taken back following a slump in United states demand. (Borgward was not really the only European auto maker hit by a North American slump popular for imported cars during 1960. In the same 12 months two ships carrying Renault Dauphines were turned last mid-Atlantic because the docks in Nyc were overcrowded with unsold Dauphines.
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Towards the end of December 1960 Borgward approached the lending company for a further just one million Marks of credit, the loan to be backed with a guarantee from the Bremen regional government which initially the Bremen senators decided provide. However, following the flood regarding critical press comment the senators withdrew their ensure. They now required Carl Borgward to pledge the business itself to the state in return for the guarantee. After a tense 13-hour meeting widely reported in a still hostile media, Borgward agreed to your senate’s terms on 4 February 1961, thereby averting the bankruptcy on the business.The Bremen Senate furthermore insisted on appointing a unique nominee as chairman in the company’s supervisory board. The man they selected was Johannes Semler whom reports generally describe to be a “Wirtschaftsprüfer” (public auditor), though this designation, especially once translated straight into English, does less than full justice for the breadth of Semler’s career. He had studied rules at university and worked initially like a lawyer. The scion of a top Hamburg political family, in 1945 he had himself been a founding person in the centre-right CSU bash, and was a person in the Bundestag between 1950 and also 1953. Despite his Hamburg roots, Semler was by now based in Munich, with a network of contacts inside the Bavarian establishment that possibly included fellow CSU politician plus the future German chancellor, Ludwig Erhard, who in 1948 had succeeded Semler within a top administrative position within the Bizone. The appointment of Johannes Semler because representative of the Bremen senators to help chair the Borgward supervisory board would, in retrospect, contribute to the controversy that followed the Borgward personal bankruptcy.
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In 28 July 1961 Semler, as Chairman of the supervisory board joined the directors with the three companies Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd to instigate proceedings to the establishment of a “Vergleichsverfahren”, which would have provided for just a court sanctioned scheme of arrangement enabling the company to continue to trade while concurrently protecting the interests regarding creditors. [16] Two months afterwards, however, in September 1961, the Borgward and Goliath companies were declared bankrupt, followed in November through the Lloyd business. Subsequent “conspiracy theorists” get suggested that Semler, for reasons of his own, never had any intention of allowing the Borgward auto-businesses to help survive.
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