Borgward is an automobile manufacturer originally founded by Carl F. W. Borgward. The original company, based in Bremen within Germany, ceased operations in the particular 1960s. The Borgward group developed four brands of vehicles: Borgward, Hansa, Goliath and Lloyd.The marque has considering that been revived by Carl Borgward's grandson, Christian Borgward, together with his companion Karlheinz L. Knöss, with assistance from China investment, and unveiled the business's first new car with over 40 years, the BX7 at your 2015 International Motor Demonstrate.The origins of Bremen's most significant auto-business go back to 1905 with the organization in nearby Varel of the "Hansa Automobilgesellschaft" and the building blocks in Bremen itself connected with "Namag", maker of the Lloyd car. These two businesses merged in 1914 to the "Hansa-Lloyd-Werke A. G. ". After the war, in the troubled economy then confronting Germany, the business failed to prosper and because of the late 1920s faced bankruptcy. For Carl Borgward, already the successful creator of the Goliath-Blitzkarren business, the misfortunes of Hansa-Lloyd presented the possibility greatly to expand the scope of his automobile business, and he took control of computer.
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The very first "automobile" Carl Borgward intended was the 1924 Blitzkarren (lightning cart), a sort of small three-wheeled van with only two hp (1. 5 kW), which was an enormous success on the market gap it filled. Traders with a small budget bought it for delivery. The Reichspost ordered quite a few for postal service.In 1929, Borgward became the home of Hansa Lloyd AG having had time to merge his "Goliath-Werke Borgward & Co. " with "Hansa-Lloyd. The small Goliath-Blitzkarren had chances are evolved into the still three wheeler timber framed synthetic leather bodied 5 or perhaps 7 hp Goliath Founder. Borgward turned his awareness of the other businesses and led the development with the Hansa Konsul. In February 1937, there came the fresh Hansa Borgward 2000 as well as in 1939 the label was shortened to Borgward 2000. The 2000 model was as well as the Borgward 2300that continued in production until 1942.After World War II, in 1946 Carl Borgward used a lot of the brand names from organizations he had acquired over time to found three different companies: Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd. This was intended to increase the amount of steel allocated to his business at any given time of austerity and rationing. For many purposes the firms would be run to be a single entity, but in a business operated with a man to whom delegation did not come naturally the spreading of legal entities nonetheless added unhelpful layers of complexity throughout the 1950s and encouraged a broadening of the range which finally proved financially unsustainable with the sales volumes achievable. In 1949 company shown the Borgward Hansa 1500.One of many top engineers at Borgward through 1938-1952 was Dipl. Ing. Hubert M. Meingast.Production of the Borgward Isabella started out in 1954. The Isabella would become Borgward's most in-demand model and remained in production for the life of the firm. In 1960 the Borgward P100 has been introduced, equipped with pneumatic suspension.Borgward introduced a distinct 1500 cc sports racers within the late 1950s, with the 16-valve engine from these becoming a successful Formula Two power unit (that is also used by a few F1 privateers in 1961).Although Borgward pioneered technical novelties inside German market such seeing that air suspension and intelligent transmission, the company had trouble competing in the marketplace. While larger companies including Opel and VW took selling point of economies of scale along with kept their prices low to gain market share, Borgward's cost structure was even greater than necessary for its sizing, as it basically operated as four tiny independent companies and don't implemented such basic price tag reduction strategies as articulation development and parts sharing between the company's makes. Borgward suffered quality problems also. The Lloyd Arabella was technically advanced as being a water-cooled boxer with entrance wheel drive, but plagued with problems for example water leakage and gearbox secrets. Lloyd lost money on the car though it was more expensive compared to its direct competitors.In 1961, the company was compelled into liquidation by credit card companies. Carl Borgward died in July 1963, still insisting the company were being technically solvent. This proved to be true inside sense that after the actual creditors were paid completely, there was still 5. 5 million Marks left from the business.
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Accounts of difficulties at Borgward surfaced within the article that appeared within Germany's leading news journal, “Der Spiegel” on 14 December 1960”. The very long, detailed, and in places repeating Spiegel article was highlighted through a picture of Borgward, cigar in mouth, on the magazine’s top cover. It was strongly crucial of Carl Borgward's company approach, and included many on the arguments later advanced to go into detail or justify the firm's demise. The widest range regarding cars from any maker in Germany, produced by three right up until recently operationally autonomous organizations (Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd) ended up being supporting a turnover connected with only 650 million Marks, placing the overall sales value on the combined Borgward auto businesses only in fifth place among Germany's auto-makers. The 70-year-old Carl Borgward's "hands-on" insistence on an increasingly manic proliferation of new and modified versions featuring adventurous, but under-developed technological enhancements ("fast manisch[e] Konstruierwut") afforded rise to components which excessively did not work, broke down or dropped apart, resulting in massive charges for pre-delivery remediation and/or article delivery warranty work that found their way back to the company.The December 1960 Spiegel article was not the only serious open criticism targeting Borgward currently: suddenly stridently negative (when more succinct) comments also turned up in the influential mass-market Bild newspapers and in television stories. Critical media commentaries likewise appeared concerning large loans for the Borgward Group provided from the local Landesbank.It is apparent how the business was confronting cash-flow difficulties at the end of 1960. Capital intensive businesses including auto manufacturing use the expensive machines and tools most efficiently whenever they use them constantly at full capacity, but the car market in Europe in the 1950s/60s was more seasonal than today, with sales diminishing throughout Winter, then peaking in the first summer months: Borgward’s inventory of unsold cars right at the end of 1960 was more than usual, reflecting ambitious growth programs, most obviously in respect of the us market[11] The December 1960 Spiegel article speculated that of the 15, 000 Borgward cars ordered from the North American dealers with 1960 (and in the 12, 000 delivered to these individuals) 6, 000 might have being taken back following a slump in American demand. (Borgward was not the only European auto maker hit with a North American slump successful for imported cars in the course of 1960. In the same 12 months two ships carrying Renault Dauphines were turned back in mid-Atlantic because the docks in Nyc were overcrowded with unsold Dauphines.
Borgward Werken, Baujahr 1935, drei Jahre Restaurierungsarbeit auf
At the end of December 1960 Borgward approached your banker for a further 1 million Marks of credit rating, the loan to be backed by a guarantee from the Bremen local government which initially the Bremen senators consented to provide. However, following the flood involving critical press comment this senators withdrew their guarantee. They now required Carl Borgward to pledge this company itself to the state in substitution for the guarantee. After a tense 13-hour meeting widely reported in the still hostile media, Borgward agreed to your senate’s terms on 5 February 1961, thereby averting the bankruptcy in the business.The Bremen Senate in addition insisted on appointing a unique nominee as chairman of the company’s supervisory board. The man they decided was Johannes Semler which reports generally describe as being a “Wirtschaftsprüfer” (public auditor), though this designation, especially once translated in to English, does less than full justice on the breadth of Semler’s profession. He had studied rules at university and worked initially like a lawyer. The scion of a top Hamburg political family, in 1945 he acquired himself been a founding person in the centre-right CSU get together, and was a member of the Bundestag between 1950 in addition to 1953. Despite his Hamburg beginning, Semler was by on this occasion based in Munich, with a network of contacts inside Bavarian establishment that possibly included fellow CSU politician and also the future German chancellor, Ludwig Erhard, who in 1948 had succeeded Semler in a top administrative position within the Bizone. The appointment of Johannes Semler because the representative of the Bremen senators to be able to chair the Borgward supervisory board would, in retrospect, contribute to the controversy that followed the Borgward a bankruptcy proceeding.
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Upon 28 July 1961 Semler, as Chairman of your supervisory board joined the directors of the three companies Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd to instigate proceedings with the establishment of a “Vergleichsverfahren”, which would have provided for a court sanctioned scheme of arrangement enabling this company to continue to trade while as well protecting the interests involving creditors. [16] Two months afterwards, however, in September 1961, the Borgward and Goliath firms were declared bankrupt, followed in November with the Lloyd business. Subsequent “conspiracy theorists” include suggested that Semler, for reasons of their own, never had any intent of allowing the Borgward auto-businesses to be able to survive.
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