Borgward is surely an automobile manufacturer originally launched by Carl F. W. Borgward. The original company, based in Bremen inside Germany, ceased operations in this 1960s. The Borgward group developed four brands of autos: Borgward, Hansa, Goliath and Lloyd.The marque has due to the fact been revived by Carl Borgward's son, Christian Borgward, together with his partner Karlheinz L. Knöss, with assistance from China investment, and unveiled the businesses first new car in over 40 years, the BX7 at your 2015 International Motor Present.The origins of Bremen's most significant auto-business get back on 1905 with the institution in nearby Varel on the "Hansa Automobilgesellschaft" and the inspiration in Bremen itself regarding "Namag", maker of the Lloyd car. These two businesses merged in 1914 to form the "Hansa-Lloyd-Werke A. G. ". After the war, in the troubled financial status then confronting Germany, the business failed to prosper and because of the late 1920s faced a bankruptcy proceeding. For Carl Borgward, already the successful creator on the Goliath-Blitzkarren business, the misfortunes of Hansa-Lloyd presented the opportunity greatly to expand your scope of his automotive business, and he took control than it.
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The initial "automobile" Carl Borgward made was the 1924 Blitzkarren (lightning cart), a sort of tiny three-wheeled van with 3 hp (1. 5 kW), which was an enormous success on the market gap it filled. Traders with a small budget got it for delivery. The Reichspost ordered many of them for postal service.In 1929, Borgward became the director of Hansa Lloyd AG having gotten to merge his "Goliath-Werke Borgward & Co. " with "Hansa-Lloyd. The small Goliath-Blitzkarren had chances are evolved into the however three wheeler timber framed synthetic leather bodied 5 or maybe 7 hp Goliath Pioneer. Borgward turned his awareness of the other businesses along with led the development from the Hansa Konsul. In February 1937, there came the new Hansa Borgward 2000 in addition to in 1939 the identify was shortened to Borgward 2000. The 2000 model was and then the Borgward 2300that continued to be in production until 1942.After World War II, in 1946 Carl Borgward used some of the brand names from corporations he had acquired through the years to found three individual companies: Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd. This was intended to increase the number of steel allocated to his business at the same time of austerity and rationing. For many purposes the companies would be run as being a single entity, but in a business operated by way of a man to whom delegation did not come naturally the proliferation of legal entities however added unhelpful layers of complexity through the 1950s and encouraged a broadening from the range which finally proved financially unsustainable while using the sales volumes achievable. In 1949 company displayed the Borgward Hansa 1500.Among the top engineers at Borgward through 1938-1952 was Dipl. Ing. Hubert M. Meingast.Production of the Borgward Isabella started out in 1954. The Isabella would become Borgward's most widely used model and remained in production to the life of the firm. In 1960 the Borgward P100 had been introduced, equipped with pneumatic suspension.Borgward introduced a distinct 1500 cc sports racers within the late 1950s, with the 16-valve engine from these to become successful Formula Two power unit (which was also used by a number of F1 privateers in 1961).Although Borgward pioneered technical novelties inside German market such since air suspension and computerized transmission, the company had trouble competing out there. While larger companies like Opel and VW took good thing about economies of scale as well as kept their prices low to realize market share, Borgward's cost structure was even higher than necessary for its measurement, as it basically controlled as four tiny independent companies and do not implemented such basic cost reduction strategies as joint development and parts sharing relating to the company's makes. Borgward suffered quality problems as well. The Lloyd Arabella was technically advanced like a water-cooled boxer with front wheel drive, but plagued with problems such as water leakage and gearbox glitches. Lloyd lost money on the car even though it was more expensive compared to its direct competitors.In 1961, the company was pressured into liquidation by loan companies. Carl Borgward died inside July 1963, still insisting the company were being technically solvent. This proved to be true in the sense that after the actual creditors were paid completely, there was still 4. 5 million Marks left from the business.
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Reports of difficulties at Borgward surfaced within an article that appeared in Germany's leading news publication, “Der Spiegel” on 15 December 1960”. The very long, detailed, and in places repeated Spiegel article was highlighted by using a picture of Borgward, cigar in mouth, on the magazine’s entrance cover. It was strongly critical of Carl Borgward's enterprise approach, and included many with the arguments later advanced to describe or justify the company's demise. The widest range associated with cars from any manufacturer in Germany, produced by three until eventually recently operationally autonomous companies (Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd) was supporting a turnover involving only 650 million Scars, placing the overall sales value on the combined Borgward auto firms only in fifth location among Germany's auto-makers. The 70-year-old Carl Borgward's "hands-on" insistence while on an increasingly manic proliferation connected with new and modified versions featuring adventurous, but under-developed technological improvements ("fast manisch[e] Konstruierwut") afforded rise to components which excessively did not work, broke down or fell apart, resulting in massive bills for pre-delivery remediation and/or write-up delivery warranty work that found their long ago to the company.The December 1960 Spiegel article hasn't been the only serious public criticism targeting Borgward presently: suddenly stridently negative (in the event that more succinct) comments also turned up in the influential mass-market Bild newspapers and in television reviews. Critical media commentaries likewise appeared concerning large loans towards Borgward Group provided with the local Landesbank.It is apparent which the business was confronting cash-flow difficulties at the conclusion of 1960. Capital intensive businesses like auto manufacturing use their own expensive machines and tools most efficiently whenever they use them constantly at full capacity, but the car market in Europe inside the 1950s/60s was more seasons than today, with sales diminishing with Winter, then peaking in their early summer months: Borgward’s inventory of unsold cars by the end of 1960 was more than usual, reflecting ambitious growth options, most obviously in respect of america market[11] The December 1960 Spiegel article speculated that on the 15, 000 Borgward cars ordered because of the North American dealers inside 1960 (and from the 12, 000 delivered to these individuals) 6, 000 might have for being taken back following a slump in North american demand. (Borgward was not the only real European auto maker hit with a North American slump sought after for imported cars throughout 1960. In the same calendar year two ships carrying Renault Dauphines were turned back mid-Atlantic because the docks in New york were overcrowded with unsold Dauphines.
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At the conclusion of December 1960 Borgward approached the lending company for a further one million Marks of credit history, the loan to be backed by a guarantee from the Bremen regional government which initially the Bremen senators decided to provide. However, following the flood involving critical press comment the senators withdrew their ensure. They now required Carl Borgward to pledge the organization itself to the state in return for the guarantee. After a tense 13-hour meeting widely reported within a still hostile media, Borgward agreed to the actual senate’s terms on 4 February 1961, thereby averting the bankruptcy on the business.The Bremen Senate also insisted on appointing a unique nominee as chairman from the company’s supervisory board. The man they selected was Johannes Semler whom reports generally describe as a “Wirtschaftsprüfer” (public auditor), though this designation, especially once translated in to English, does less than full justice towards breadth of Semler’s job. He had studied rules at university and worked initially as being a lawyer. The scion of a respected Hamburg political family, in 1945 he had himself been a founding member of the centre-right CSU celebration, and was a member of the Bundestag between 1950 and 1953. Despite his Hamburg beginnings, Semler was by now based in Munich, with a network of contacts within the Bavarian establishment that likely included fellow CSU politician and also the future German chancellor, Ludwig Erhard, who in 1948 had succeeded Semler inside a top administrative position from the Bizone. The appointment of Johannes Semler as the representative of the Bremen senators to help chair the Borgward supervisory table would, in retrospect, contribute to the debate that followed the Borgward individual bankruptcy.
Upon 28 July 1961 Semler, as Chairman of the supervisory board joined the directors from the three companies Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd to instigate proceedings for that establishment of a “Vergleichsverfahren”, which would have provided for any court sanctioned scheme of arrangement enabling the company to continue to trade while at the same time protecting the interests of creditors. [16] Two months after, however, in September 1961, the Borgward and Goliath businesses were declared bankrupt, followed in November by the Lloyd business. Subsequent “conspiracy theorists” include suggested that Semler, for reasons of their own, never had any goal of allowing the Borgward auto-businesses for you to survive.
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