Borgward is an automobile manufacturer originally created by Carl F. W. Borgward. The original company, based in Bremen in Germany, ceased operations in this 1960s. The Borgward group produced four brands of cars and trucks: Borgward, Hansa, Goliath and Lloyd.The marque has due to the fact been revived by Carl Borgward's son, Christian Borgward, together with his partner Karlheinz L. Knöss, with assistance from Chinese investment, and unveiled the corporation's first new car throughout over 40 years, the BX7 at the 2015 International Motor Display.The origins of Bremen's most significant auto-business resume 1905 with the institution in nearby Varel with the "Hansa Automobilgesellschaft" and the building blocks in Bremen itself regarding "Namag", maker of the Lloyd vehicle. These two businesses merged in 1914 to create the "Hansa-Lloyd-Werke A. G. ". After the war, in the troubled economic situation then confronting Germany, the business failed to prosper and through the late 1920s faced individual bankruptcy. For Carl Borgward, already the successful creator on the Goliath-Blitzkarren business, the misfortunes of Hansa-Lloyd presented a possibility greatly to expand the particular scope of his automotive business, and he took control of the usb ports.
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The very first "automobile" Carl Borgward created was the 1924 Blitzkarren (lightning cart), a sort of tiny three-wheeled van with only two hp (1. 5 kW), which was an enormous success on the market gap it filled. Traders with a small budget bought it for delivery. The Reichspost ordered some of them for postal service.In 1929, Borgward became the representative of Hansa Lloyd AG having gotten to merge his "Goliath-Werke Borgward & Corp. " with "Hansa-Lloyd. The small Goliath-Blitzkarren had chances are evolved into the nevertheless three wheeler timber framed synthetic leather bodied 5 or even 7 hp Goliath Pioneer. Borgward turned his awareness of the other businesses along with led the development in the Hansa Konsul. In February 1937, there came the brand-new Hansa Borgward 2000 and in 1939 the name was shortened to Borgward 2000. The 2000 model was and then the Borgward 2300that continued in production until 1942.After World War II, in 1946 Carl Borgward used many of the brand names from firms he had acquired over time to found three individual companies: Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd. This was intended to increase the amount of steel allocated to his business at the same time of austerity and rationing. For many purposes nokia's would be run to be a single entity, but in a business operated by a man to whom delegation did not come naturally the expansion of legal entities even so added unhelpful layers of complexity through the 1950s and encouraged a broadening on the range which finally proved financially unsustainable with all the sales volumes achievable. In 1949 company offered the Borgward Hansa 1500.On the list of top engineers at Borgward from 1938-1952 was Dipl. Ing. Hubert M. Meingast.Production of the Borgward Isabella commenced in 1954. The Isabella would become Borgward's most popular model and remained in production for that life of the business. In 1960 the Borgward P100 was introduced, equipped with pneumatic suspension.Borgward introduced a type of 1500 cc sports racers from the late 1950s, with the 16-valve engine from these being a successful Formula Two power unit (that was also used by several F1 privateers in 1961).Although Borgward pioneered technical novelties in the German market such seeing that air suspension and automatic transmission, the company had trouble competing in the marketplace. While larger companies just like Opel and VW took benefit from economies of scale in addition to kept their prices low to find market share, Borgward's cost structure was even beyond necessary for its size, as it basically run as four tiny independent companies and do not implemented such basic price reduction strategies as combined development and parts sharing relating to the company's makes. Borgward suffered quality problems at the same time. The Lloyd Arabella was technically advanced as being a water-cooled boxer with entry wheel drive, but plagued with problems for instance water leakage and gearbox secrets. Lloyd lost money on the car even though it was more expensive compared to its direct competitors.In 1961, the company was forced into liquidation by collectors. Carl Borgward died within July 1963, still insisting the company ended up technically solvent. This proved to be true in the sense that after this creditors were paid completely, there was still 5. 5 million Marks remaining from the business.
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Stories of difficulties at Borgward surfaced in the article that appeared throughout Germany's leading news mag, “Der Spiegel” on age 14 December 1960”. The very long, detailed, and in places repeating Spiegel article was highlighted through a picture of Borgward, cigar in mouth, on the magazine’s entrance cover. It was strongly crucial of Carl Borgward's enterprise approach, and included many on the arguments later advanced to explain or justify the corporation's demise. The widest range involving cars from any producer in Germany, produced by three till recently operationally autonomous corporations (Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd) has been supporting a turnover associated with only 650 million Represents, placing the overall sales value from the combined Borgward auto businesses only in fifth placement among Germany's auto-makers. The 70-year-old Carl Borgward's "hands-on" insistence while on an increasingly manic proliferation of new and modified designs featuring adventurous, but under-developed technological inventions ("fast manisch[e] Konstruierwut") presented rise to components which too much did not work, broke down or dropped apart, resulting in massive bills for pre-delivery remediation and/or post delivery warranty work that found their in the past to the company.The December 1960 Spiegel article was not the only serious general public criticism targeting Borgward currently: suddenly stridently negative (in the event more succinct) comments also turned up in the influential mass-market Bild newspapers and in television stories. Critical media commentaries additionally appeared concerning large loans for the Borgward Group provided with the local Landesbank.It is apparent that this business was confronting cash-flow difficulties right at the end of 1960. Capital intensive businesses like auto manufacturing use the expensive machines and tools most efficiently when they use them constantly in full capacity, but the car market in Europe inside the 1950s/60s was more seasonal than today, with sales diminishing within Winter, then peaking in their early summer months: Borgward’s inventory of unsold cars by the end of 1960 was beyond usual, reflecting ambitious growth plans, most obviously in respect of the us market[11] The December 1960 Spiegel article speculated that in the 15, 000 Borgward cars ordered through the North American dealers with 1960 (and of the 12, 000 delivered to them) 6, 000 might have to become taken back following a slump in Us demand. (Borgward was not the only European auto maker hit by way of North American slump sought after for imported cars throughout 1960. In the same year two ships carrying Renault Dauphines were turned back in mid-Atlantic because the docks in The big apple were overcrowded with unsold Dauphines.
At the end of December 1960 Borgward approached the financial institution for a further just one million Marks of credit rating, the loan to be backed by the guarantee from the Bremen local government which initially the Bremen senators decided to provide. However, following the flood involving critical press comment the particular senators withdrew their assure. They now required Carl Borgward to pledge the business itself to the state in substitution for the guarantee. After a tense 13-hour meeting widely reported in a still hostile media, Borgward agreed to the particular senate’s terms on four February 1961, thereby averting the bankruptcy with the business.The Bremen Senate additionally insisted on appointing its very own nominee as chairman of the company’s supervisory board. The man they selected was Johannes Semler to whom reports generally describe to be a “Wirtschaftsprüfer” (public auditor), though this designation, especially once translated in English, does less than full justice towards breadth of Semler’s vocation. He had studied rules at university and worked initially like a lawyer. The scion of a number one Hamburg political family, in 1945 he acquired himself been a founding member of the centre-right CSU bash, and was a member of the Bundestag between 1950 and 1953. Despite his Hamburg origins, Semler was by on this occasion based in Munich, with a network of contacts inside Bavarian establishment that most likely included fellow CSU politician plus the future German chancellor, Ludwig Erhard, who in 1948 had succeeded Semler within a top administrative position within the Bizone. The appointment of Johannes Semler because the representative of the Bremen senators to be able to chair the Borgward supervisory table would, in retrospect, contribute to the hot debate that followed the Borgward chapter 7.
With 28 July 1961 Semler, as Chairman of your supervisory board joined the directors on the three companies Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd to instigate proceedings for that establishment of a “Vergleichsverfahren”, which would have provided for a court sanctioned scheme of arrangement enabling this company to continue to trade while at the same time protecting the interests involving creditors. [16] Two months after, however, in September 1961, the Borgward and Goliath organizations were declared bankrupt, followed in November with the Lloyd business. Subsequent “conspiracy theorists” have suggested that Semler, for reasons of his own, never had any intention of allowing the Borgward auto-businesses to be able to survive.
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