Borgward is an automobile manufacturer originally founded by Carl F. W. Borgward. The original company, based in Bremen in Germany, ceased operations in the particular 1960s. The Borgward group made four brands of vehicles: Borgward, Hansa, Goliath and Lloyd.The marque has given that been revived by Carl Borgward's grand son, Christian Borgward, together with his lover Karlheinz L. Knöss, with assistance from China investment, and unveiled the businesses first new car in over 40 years, the BX7 at the particular 2015 International Motor Indicate.The origins of Bremen's most significant auto-business get back on 1905 with the establishment in nearby Varel on the "Hansa Automobilgesellschaft" and the foundation in Bremen itself connected with "Namag", maker of the Lloyd vehicle. These two businesses merged in 1914 to form the "Hansa-Lloyd-Werke A. G. ". After the war, in the troubled economy then confronting Germany, the business failed to prosper and with the late 1920s faced individual bankruptcy. For Carl Borgward, already the successful creator in the Goliath-Blitzkarren business, the misfortunes of Hansa-Lloyd presented an opportunity greatly to expand the actual scope of his vehicle business, and he took control from it.
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The first "automobile" Carl Borgward designed was the 1924 Blitzkarren (turbo cart), a sort of small three-wheeled van with a couple of hp (1. 5 kW), which was an enormous success already in the market gap it filled. Traders with a small budget ordered for delivery. The Reichspost ordered some of them for postal service.In 1929, Borgward became the overseer of Hansa Lloyd AG having had the oppertunity to merge his "Goliath-Werke Borgward & Corp. " with "Hansa-Lloyd. The small Goliath-Blitzkarren had by now evolved into the nevertheless three wheeler timber presented synthetic leather bodied 5 or perhaps 7 hp Goliath Leading. Borgward turned his focus on the other businesses and led the development in the Hansa Konsul. In February 1937, there came the brand new Hansa Borgward 2000 and also in 1939 the title was shortened to Borgward 2000. The 2000 model was accompanied by the Borgward 2300that stayed in production until 1942.After World War II, in 1946 Carl Borgward used many of the brand names from firms he had acquired in the past to found three independent companies: Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd. This was intended to increase the quantity of steel allocated to his business at the same time of austerity and rationing. For many purposes the firms would be run like a single entity, but in a business operated with a man to whom delegation would not come naturally the proliferation of legal entities nonetheless added unhelpful layers of complexity through the 1950s and encouraged a broadening of the range which in the long run proved financially unsustainable while using the sales volumes achievable. In 1949 company presented the Borgward Hansa 1500.One of many top engineers at Borgward via 1938-1952 was Dipl. Ing. Hubert M. Meingast.Production of the Borgward Isabella begun in 1954. The Isabella would become Borgward's most popular model and remained in production with the life of the corporation. In 1960 the Borgward P100 ended up being introduced, equipped with pneumatic suspension.Borgward introduced a distinctive line of 1500 cc sports racers inside late 1950s, with the 16-valve engine from these being a successful Formula Two power unit (which has been also used by a few F1 privateers in 1961).Although Borgward pioneered technical novelties inside German market such as air suspension and intelligent transmission, the company had trouble competing available on the market. While larger companies like Opel and VW took selling point of economies of scale in addition to kept their prices low to get market share, Borgward's cost structure was even above necessary for its dimensions, as it basically run as four tiny independent companies and not implemented such basic price reduction strategies as combined development and parts sharing involving the company's makes. Borgward suffered quality problems also. The Lloyd Arabella was technically advanced like a water-cooled boxer with entrance wheel drive, but plagued with problems including water leakage and gearbox snags. Lloyd lost money on the car even though it was more expensive than its direct competitors.In 1961, the company was pressured into liquidation by lenders. Carl Borgward died in July 1963, still insisting the company had been technically solvent. This proved to be true inside the sense that after the actual creditors were paid 100 %, there was still 4. 5 million Marks left over from the business.
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Reports of difficulties at Borgward surfaced in a article that appeared with Germany's leading news publication, “Der Spiegel” on 18 December 1960”. The very long, detailed, and in places similar Spiegel article was highlighted with a picture of Borgward, cigar in mouth, on the magazine’s top cover. It was strongly crucial of Carl Borgward's business approach, and included many of the arguments later advanced to spellout or justify the firm's demise. The widest range of cars from any maker in Germany, produced by three until recently operationally autonomous corporations (Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd) had been supporting a turnover regarding only 650 million Marks, placing the overall sales value from your combined Borgward auto businesses only in fifth situation among Germany's auto-makers. The 70-year-old Carl Borgward's "hands-on" insistence while on an increasingly manic proliferation regarding new and modified designs featuring adventurous, but under-developed technological enhancements ("fast manisch[e] Konstruierwut") offered rise to components which too much did not work, broke down or dropped apart, resulting in massive expenses for pre-delivery remediation and/or post delivery warranty work that found their made use of to the company.The December 1960 Spiegel article wasn't the only serious community criticism targeting Borgward at this time: suddenly stridently negative (if more succinct) comments also turned up in the influential mass-market Bild magazine and in television reports. Critical media commentaries also appeared concerning large loans for the Borgward Group provided because of the local Landesbank.It is apparent that this business was confronting cash-flow difficulties at the conclusion of 1960. Capital intensive businesses for instance auto manufacturing use his or her expensive machines and tools most efficiently should they use them constantly at full capacity, but the car market in Europe from the 1950s/60s was more seasons than today, with sales diminishing within Winter, then peaking in earlier summer months: Borgward’s inventory of unsold cars towards the end of 1960 was higher than usual, reflecting ambitious growth plans, most obviously in respect of the usa market[11] The December 1960 Spiegel article speculated that in the 15, 000 Borgward cars ordered from the North American dealers within 1960 (and from the 12, 000 delivered to these people) 6, 000 might have being taken back following a slump in North american demand. (Borgward was not really the only European auto maker hit by way of a North American slump successful for imported cars while in 1960. In the same year two ships carrying Renault Dauphines were turned in mid-Atlantic because the docks in New york were overcrowded with unsold Dauphines.
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Towards the end of December 1960 Borgward approached the bank for a further one million Marks of credit history, the loan to be backed by a guarantee from the Bremen regional government which initially the Bremen senators decided provide. However, following the flood associated with critical press comment the senators withdrew their assurance. They now required Carl Borgward to pledge the company itself to the state in return for the guarantee. After a tense 13-hour meeting widely reported in the still hostile media, Borgward agreed to this senate’s terms on 5 February 1961, thereby averting the bankruptcy in the business.The Bremen Senate also insisted on appointing its nominee as chairman with the company’s supervisory board. The man they select was Johannes Semler who reports generally describe being a “Wirtschaftsprüfer” (public auditor), though this designation, especially once translated straight into English, does less than full justice to the breadth of Semler’s vocation. He had studied legislation at university and worked initially to be a lawyer. The scion of a respected Hamburg political family, in 1945 he had himself been a founding member of the centre-right CSU party, and was a person in the Bundestag between 1950 along with 1953. Despite his Hamburg beginning, Semler was by this time based in Munich, with a network of contacts within the Bavarian establishment that likely included fellow CSU politician as well as the future German chancellor, Ludwig Erhard, who in 1948 had succeeded Semler in a very top administrative position in the Bizone. The appointment of Johannes Semler because representative of the Bremen senators to chair the Borgward supervisory aboard would, in retrospect, contribute to the debate that followed the Borgward individual bankruptcy.
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With 28 July 1961 Semler, as Chairman of your supervisory board joined the directors on the three companies Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd to instigate proceedings for that establishment of a “Vergleichsverfahren”, which would have provided for the court sanctioned scheme of arrangement enabling the company to continue to trade while as well protecting the interests involving creditors. [16] Two months later on, however, in September 1961, the Borgward and Goliath corporations were declared bankrupt, followed in November because of the Lloyd business. Subsequent “conspiracy theorists” possess suggested that Semler, for reasons of her own, never had any objective of allowing the Borgward auto-businesses to survive.
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