Borgward is definitely an automobile manufacturer originally started by Carl F. W. Borgward. The original company, based in Bremen in Germany, ceased operations in the 1960s. The Borgward group made four brands of cars: Borgward, Hansa, Goliath and Lloyd.The marque has given that been revived by Carl Borgward's grandson, Christian Borgward, together with his lover Karlheinz L. Knöss, with assistance from Oriental investment, and unveiled the corporation's first new car within over 40 years, the BX7 at your 2015 International Motor Display.The origins of Bremen's most significant auto-business get back on 1905 with the establishment in nearby Varel on the "Hansa Automobilgesellschaft" and the foundation in Bremen itself associated with "Namag", maker of the Lloyd car. These two businesses merged in 1914 to the "Hansa-Lloyd-Werke A. G. ". After the war, in the troubled financial crisis then confronting Germany, the business failed to prosper and from the late 1920s faced a bankruptcy proceeding. For Carl Borgward, already the successful creator of the Goliath-Blitzkarren business, the misfortunes of Hansa-Lloyd presented an opportunity greatly to expand the actual scope of his car business, and he took control of it.
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The 1st "automobile" Carl Borgward intended was the 1924 Blitzkarren (turbo cart), a sort of tiny three-wheeled van with two hp (1. 5 kW), which was an enormous success available in the market gap it filled. Traders with a small budget got it for delivery. The Reichspost ordered most of them for postal service.In 1929, Borgward became the movie director of Hansa Lloyd AG having been able to merge his "Goliath-Werke Borgward & Corp. " with "Hansa-Lloyd. The small Goliath-Blitzkarren had right now evolved into the nevertheless three wheeler timber framed synthetic leather bodied 5 as well as 7 hp Goliath Master. Borgward turned his care about the other businesses and led the development with the Hansa Konsul. In February 1937, there came the brand new Hansa Borgward 2000 in addition to in 1939 the label was shortened to Borgward 2000. The 2000 model was accompanied by the Borgward 2300that remained in production until 1942.After World War II, in 1946 Carl Borgward used a lot of the brand names from businesses he had acquired in recent times to found three independent companies: Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd. This was intended to increase the number of steel allocated to his business at a time of austerity and rationing. For many purposes nokia's would be run like a single entity, but in a business operated by the man to whom delegation didn't come naturally the growth of legal entities however added unhelpful layers of complexity through the 1950s and encouraged a broadening of the range which eventually proved financially unsustainable while using the sales volumes achievable. In 1949 company displayed the Borgward Hansa 1500.Among the top engineers at Borgward from 1938-1952 was Dipl. Ing. Hubert M. Meingast.Production of the Borgward Isabella begun in 1954. The Isabella would become Borgward's most popular model and remained in production to the life of the company. In 1960 the Borgward P100 has been introduced, equipped with pneumatic suspension.Borgward introduced a distinct 1500 cc sports racers within the late 1950s, with the 16-valve engine from these being a successful Formula Two power unit (which was also used by many F1 privateers in 1961).Although Borgward pioneered technical novelties inside the German market such because air suspension and automated transmission, the company had trouble competing available on the market. While larger companies including Opel and VW took benefit of economies of scale in addition to kept their prices low to achieve market share, Borgward's cost structure was even beyond necessary for its dimensions, as it basically run as four tiny independent companies and do not implemented such basic price reduction strategies as joint development and parts sharing relating to the company's makes. Borgward suffered quality problems likewise. The Lloyd Arabella was technically advanced being a water-cooled boxer with entrance wheel drive, but plagued with problems such as water leakage and gearbox glitches. Lloyd lost money on the car just about the most was more expensive compared to its direct competitors.In 1961, the company was forced into liquidation by lenders. Carl Borgward died in July 1963, still insisting the company had been technically solvent. This proved to be true within the sense that after the creditors were paid 100 %, there was still some. 5 million Marks left over from the business.
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Reports of difficulties at Borgward surfaced within the article that appeared throughout Germany's leading news mag, “Der Spiegel” on 18 December 1960”. The very long, detailed, and in places repeating Spiegel article was highlighted by using a picture of Borgward, cigar in mouth, on the magazine’s the front cover. It was strongly crucial of Carl Borgward's company approach, and included many from the arguments later advanced to explain or justify the company's demise. The widest range regarding cars from any manufacturer in Germany, produced by three until recently operationally autonomous firms (Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd) had been supporting a turnover of only 650 million Marks, placing the overall sales value through the combined Borgward auto businesses only in fifth situation among Germany's auto-makers. The 70-year-old Carl Borgward's "hands-on" insistence when using increasingly manic proliferation regarding new and modified versions featuring adventurous, but under-developed technological inventions ("fast manisch[e] Konstruierwut") provided rise to components which all too often did not work, broke down or droped apart, resulting in massive payments for pre-delivery remediation and/or post delivery warranty work that found their sources that are to the company.The December 1960 Spiegel article hasn't been the only serious community criticism targeting Borgward currently: suddenly stridently negative (in the event more succinct) comments also resulted in in the influential mass-market Bild paper and in television stories. Critical media commentaries furthermore appeared concerning large loans for the Borgward Group provided with the local Landesbank.It is apparent the business was confronting cash-flow difficulties towards the end of 1960. Capital intensive businesses for instance auto manufacturing use their own expensive machines and tools most efficiently if they use them constantly on full capacity, but the car market in Europe from the 1950s/60s was more periodic than today, with sales diminishing throughout Winter, then peaking in their early summer months: Borgward’s inventory of unsold cars by the end of 1960 was beyond usual, reflecting ambitious growth programs, most obviously in respect of the us market[11] The December 1960 Spiegel article speculated that of the 15, 000 Borgward cars ordered by the North American dealers in 1960 (and with the 12, 000 delivered to these) 6, 000 might have for being taken back following a slump in North american demand. (Borgward was not the sole European auto maker hit by way of a North American slump successful for imported cars throughout 1960. In the same year two ships carrying Renault Dauphines were turned back mid-Atlantic because the docks in New york were overcrowded with unsold Dauphines.
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By the end of December 1960 Borgward approached the bank for a further a single million Marks of credit ratings, the loan to be backed by way of a guarantee from the Bremen local government which initially the Bremen senators consented to provide. However, following the flood connected with critical press comment the senators withdrew their guarantee. They now required Carl Borgward to pledge this company itself to the state in return for the guarantee. After a tense 13-hour meeting widely reported within a still hostile media, Borgward agreed to the actual senate’s terms on 5 February 1961, thereby averting the bankruptcy with the business.The Bremen Senate in addition insisted on appointing a unique nominee as chairman in the company’s supervisory board. The man they select was Johannes Semler who reports generally describe to be a “Wirtschaftsprüfer” (public auditor), though this designation, especially once translated in to English, does less than full justice towards the breadth of Semler’s profession. He had studied law at university and worked initially like a lawyer. The scion of a number one Hamburg political family, in 1945 he acquired himself been a founding member of the centre-right CSU gathering, and was a member of the Bundestag between 1950 and 1953. Despite his Hamburg roots, Semler was by now based in Munich, with a network of contacts inside Bavarian establishment that most likely included fellow CSU politician along with the future German chancellor, Ludwig Erhard, who in 1948 had succeeded Semler in a top administrative position inside Bizone. The appointment of Johannes Semler for the reason that representative of the Bremen senators to be able to chair the Borgward supervisory table would, in retrospect, contribute to the debate that followed the Borgward bankruptcy.
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Upon 28 July 1961 Semler, as Chairman of the particular supervisory board joined the directors from the three companies Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd to instigate proceedings for the establishment of a “Vergleichsverfahren”, which would have provided for just a court sanctioned scheme of arrangement enabling the business enterprise to continue to trade while at the same time protecting the interests associated with creditors. [16] Two months afterwards, however, in September 1961, the Borgward and Goliath organizations were declared bankrupt, followed in November through the Lloyd business. Subsequent “conspiracy theorists” have got suggested that Semler, for reasons of their own, never had any objective of allowing the Borgward auto-businesses to be able to survive.
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