Borgward is an automobile manufacturer originally founded by Carl F. W. Borgward. The original company, based in Bremen throughout Germany, ceased operations in this 1960s. The Borgward group developed four brands of autos: Borgward, Hansa, Goliath and Lloyd.The marque has because been revived by Carl Borgward's grand son, Christian Borgward, together with his spouse Karlheinz L. Knöss, with assistance from Chinese investment, and unveiled the firm's first new car throughout over 40 years, the BX7 at the particular 2015 International Motor Display.The origins of Bremen's most significant auto-business go back to 1905 with the organization in nearby Varel from the "Hansa Automobilgesellschaft" and the walls in Bremen itself regarding "Namag", maker of the Lloyd automobile. These two businesses merged in 1914 in order to create the "Hansa-Lloyd-Werke A. G. ". After the war, in the troubled economy then confronting Germany, the business failed to prosper and by the late 1920s faced a bankruptcy proceeding. For Carl Borgward, already the successful creator with the Goliath-Blitzkarren business, the misfortunes of Hansa-Lloyd presented the opportunity greatly to expand the particular scope of his vehicle business, and he took control than it.
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The first "automobile" Carl Borgward developed was the 1924 Blitzkarren (super cart), a sort of tiny three-wheeled van with only two hp (1. 5 kW), which was an enormous success in the market gap it filled. Traders with a small budget got it for delivery. The Reichspost ordered many of them for postal service.In 1929, Borgward became the representative of Hansa Lloyd AG having gotten to merge his "Goliath-Werke Borgward & Company. " with "Hansa-Lloyd. The small Goliath-Blitzkarren had nowadays evolved into the however three wheeler timber presented synthetic leather bodied 5 or maybe 7 hp Goliath Master. Borgward turned his care about the other businesses as well as led the development from the Hansa Konsul. In February 1937, there came the brand new Hansa Borgward 2000 and also in 1939 the name was shortened to Borgward 2000. The 2000 model was followed by the Borgward 2300that continued in production until 1942.After World War II, in 1946 Carl Borgward used a number of the brand names from businesses he had acquired in the past to found three independent companies: Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd. This was intended to increase the quality of steel allocated to his business at any given time of austerity and rationing. For many purposes the companies would be run as being a single entity, but in a business operated by the man to whom delegation didn't come naturally the spreading of legal entities however added unhelpful layers of complexity with the 1950s and encouraged a broadening of the range which in the end proved financially unsustainable while using the sales volumes achievable. In 1949 company shown the Borgward Hansa 1500.One of several top engineers at Borgward via 1938-1952 was Dipl. Ing. Hubert M. Meingast.Production of the Borgward Isabella started out in 1954. The Isabella would become Borgward's most widely used model and remained in production to the life of the corporation. In 1960 the Borgward P100 seemed to be introduced, equipped with pneumatic suspension.Borgward introduced a brand of 1500 cc sports racers inside late 1950s, with the 16-valve engine from these being a successful Formula Two power unit (which has been also used by a number of F1 privateers in 1961).Although Borgward pioneered technical novelties within the German market such because air suspension and computerized transmission, the company had trouble competing in the market. While larger companies including Opel and VW took advantage of economies of scale and also kept their prices low to gain market share, Borgward's cost structure was even above necessary for its dimension, as it basically managed as four tiny independent companies and do not implemented such basic cost reduction strategies as joint development and parts sharing relating to the company's makes. Borgward suffered quality problems likewise. The Lloyd Arabella was technically advanced as being a water-cooled boxer with entrance wheel drive, but plagued with problems including water leakage and gearbox snags. Lloyd lost money on the car even though it was more expensive in comparison with its direct competitors.In 1961, the company was pushed into liquidation by credit card companies. Carl Borgward died inside July 1963, still insisting the company had been technically solvent. This proved to be true within the sense that after the creditors were paid completely, there was still four. 5 million Marks left from the business.
Studies of difficulties at Borgward surfaced in a article that appeared with Germany's leading news publication, “Der Spiegel” on age 14 December 1960”. The very long, detailed, and in places recurring Spiegel article was highlighted by means of a picture of Borgward, cigar in mouth, on the magazine’s top cover. It was strongly essential of Carl Borgward's company approach, and included many from the arguments later advanced to spellout or justify the company's demise. The widest range of cars from any manufacturer in Germany, produced by three right up until recently operationally autonomous organizations (Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd) has been supporting a turnover regarding only 650 million Represents, placing the overall sales value from the combined Borgward auto companies only in fifth location among Germany's auto-makers. The 70-year-old Carl Borgward's "hands-on" insistence while on an increasingly manic proliferation of new and modified designs featuring adventurous, but under-developed technological inventions ("fast manisch[e] Konstruierwut") provided rise to components which many times did not work, broke down or droped apart, resulting in massive expenses for pre-delivery remediation and/or article delivery warranty work that found their sources that are to the company.The December 1960 Spiegel article has not been the only serious public criticism targeting Borgward at the moment: suddenly stridently negative (in case more succinct) comments also turned up in the influential mass-market Bild newspapers and in television reviews. Critical media commentaries likewise appeared concerning large loans to the Borgward Group provided through the local Landesbank.It is apparent how the business was confronting cash-flow difficulties at the conclusion of 1960. Capital intensive businesses for instance auto manufacturing use his or her expensive machines and tools most efficiently should they use them constantly from full capacity, but the car market in Europe within the 1950s/60s was more periodic than today, with sales diminishing throughout Winter, then peaking in the first summer months: Borgward’s inventory of unsold cars at the end of 1960 was greater than usual, reflecting ambitious growth options, most obviously in respect of the usa market[11] The December 1960 Spiegel article speculated that in the 15, 000 Borgward cars ordered from the North American dealers within 1960 (and of the 12, 000 delivered to them) 6, 000 might have being taken back following a slump in American demand. (Borgward was not the sole European auto maker hit by a North American slump widely used for imported cars while in 1960. In the same yr two ships carrying Renault Dauphines were turned in mid-Atlantic because the docks in Ny were overcrowded with unsold Dauphines.
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At the end of December 1960 Borgward approached the lender for a further just one million Marks of credit, the loan to be backed by way of guarantee from the Bremen local government which initially the Bremen senators decided provide. However, following the flood of critical press comment your senators withdrew their promise. They now required Carl Borgward to pledge the corporation itself to the state in substitution for the guarantee. After a tense 13-hour meeting widely reported in a very still hostile media, Borgward agreed to the actual senate’s terms on some February 1961, thereby averting the bankruptcy from the business.The Bremen Senate likewise insisted on appointing its nominee as chairman of the company’s supervisory board. The man they decided was Johannes Semler which reports generally describe as a “Wirtschaftsprüfer” (public auditor), though this designation, especially once translated in to English, does less than full justice to the breadth of Semler’s job. He had studied law at university and worked initially as a lawyer. The scion of a number one Hamburg political family, in 1945 he experienced himself been a founding member of the centre-right CSU party, and was a member of the Bundestag between 1950 and 1953. Despite his Hamburg beginning, Semler was by now based in Munich, with a network of contacts inside Bavarian establishment that possibly included fellow CSU politician and also the future German chancellor, Ludwig Erhard, who in 1948 had succeeded Semler inside a top administrative position inside Bizone. The appointment of Johannes Semler as the representative of the Bremen senators to be able to chair the Borgward supervisory aboard would, in retrospect, contribute to the controversy that followed the Borgward chapter 7.
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In 28 July 1961 Semler, as Chairman of this supervisory board joined the directors in the three companies Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd to instigate proceedings with the establishment of a “Vergleichsverfahren”, which would have provided to get a court sanctioned scheme of arrangement enabling this company to continue to trade while as well protecting the interests connected with creditors. [16] Two months in the future, however, in September 1961, the Borgward and Goliath organizations were declared bankrupt, followed in November from the Lloyd business. Subsequent “conspiracy theorists” have got suggested that Semler, for reasons of his own, never had any goal of allowing the Borgward auto-businesses in order to survive.
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