Borgward is usually an automobile manufacturer originally founded by Carl F. W. Borgward. The original company, based in Bremen in Germany, ceased operations in the particular 1960s. The Borgward group generated four brands of automobiles: Borgward, Hansa, Goliath and Lloyd.The marque has because been revived by Carl Borgward's grand son, Christian Borgward, together with his spouse Karlheinz L. Knöss, with assistance from Chinese language investment, and unveiled the businesses first new car inside over 40 years, the BX7 at the particular 2015 International Motor Present.The origins of Bremen's most significant auto-business return to 1905 with the organization in nearby Varel on the "Hansa Automobilgesellschaft" and the walls in Bremen itself involving "Namag", maker of the Lloyd car. These two businesses merged in 1914 in order to create the "Hansa-Lloyd-Werke A. G. ". After the war, in the troubled economy then confronting Germany, the business failed to prosper and through the late 1920s faced a bankruptcy proceeding. For Carl Borgward, already the successful creator in the Goliath-Blitzkarren business, the misfortunes of Hansa-Lloyd presented the possibility greatly to expand the particular scope of his vehicle business, and he took control of computer.
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The very first "automobile" Carl Borgward designed was the 1924 Blitzkarren (super cart), a sort of tiny three-wheeled van with only two hp (1. 5 kW), which was an enormous success available in the market gap it filled. Traders with a small budget bought for delivery. The Reichspost ordered some of them for postal service.In 1929, Borgward became the home of Hansa Lloyd AG having been able to merge his "Goliath-Werke Borgward & Company. " with "Hansa-Lloyd. The small Goliath-Blitzkarren had chances are evolved into the nevertheless three wheeler timber presented synthetic leather bodied 5 or maybe 7 hp Goliath Pioneer. Borgward turned his focus on the other businesses and also led the development on the Hansa Konsul. In February 1937, there came the brand-new Hansa Borgward 2000 and in 1939 the identify was shortened to Borgward 2000. The 2000 model was accompanied by the Borgward 2300that remained in production until 1942.After World War II, in 1946 Carl Borgward used a number of the brand names from businesses he had acquired in the past to found three distinct companies: Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd. This was intended to increase how much steel allocated to his business during a period of austerity and rationing. For many purposes the firms would be run as a single entity, but in a business operated by the man to whom delegation failed to come naturally the growth of legal entities on the other hand added unhelpful layers of complexity over the 1950s and encouraged a broadening with the range which in the end proved financially unsustainable while using the sales volumes achievable. In 1949 company shown the Borgward Hansa 1500.One of the top engineers at Borgward from 1938-1952 was Dipl. Ing. Hubert M. Meingast.Production of the Borgward Isabella commenced in 1954. The Isabella would become Borgward's most widely used model and remained in production for the life of the corporation. In 1960 the Borgward P100 ended up being introduced, equipped with pneumatic suspension.Borgward introduced a brand of 1500 cc sports racers in the late 1950s, with the 16-valve engine from these being a successful Formula Two power unit (that is also used by several F1 privateers in 1961).Although Borgward pioneered technical novelties in the German market such while air suspension and computerized transmission, the company had trouble competing out there. While larger companies similar to Opel and VW took advantage of economies of scale in addition to kept their prices low to gain market share, Borgward's cost structure was even above necessary for its dimensions, as it basically run as four tiny independent companies and not implemented such basic charge reduction strategies as mutual development and parts sharing relating to the company's makes. Borgward suffered quality problems at the same time. The Lloyd Arabella was technically advanced being a water-cooled boxer with the front wheel drive, but plagued with problems such as water leakage and gearbox errors. Lloyd lost money on the car though it was more expensive as compared to its direct competitors.In 1961, the company was compelled into liquidation by creditors. Carl Borgward died in July 1963, still insisting the company ended up technically solvent. This proved to be true inside sense that after the actual creditors were paid fully, there was still several. 5 million Marks remaining from the business.
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Stories of difficulties at Borgward surfaced within the article that appeared within Germany's leading news journal, “Der Spiegel” on 15 December 1960”. The very long, detailed, and in places recurring Spiegel article was highlighted through a picture of Borgward, cigar in mouth, on the magazine’s entry cover. It was strongly critical of Carl Borgward's organization approach, and included many of the arguments later advanced to go into detail or justify the business's demise. The widest range involving cars from any manufacturer in Germany, produced by three until finally recently operationally autonomous companies (Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd) seemed to be supporting a turnover of only 650 million Scars, placing the overall sales value in the combined Borgward auto firms only in fifth position among Germany's auto-makers. The 70-year-old Carl Borgward's "hands-on" insistence while on an increasingly manic proliferation regarding new and modified versions featuring adventurous, but under-developed technological inventions ("fast manisch[e] Konstruierwut") gave rise to components which all too often did not work, broke down or droped apart, resulting in massive expenses for pre-delivery remediation and/or write-up delivery warranty work that found their long ago to the company.The December 1960 Spiegel article has not been the only serious community criticism targeting Borgward at this time: suddenly stridently negative (when more succinct) comments also turned up in the influential mass-market Bild paper and in television studies. Critical media commentaries likewise appeared concerning large loans towards Borgward Group provided with the local Landesbank.It is apparent the business was confronting cash-flow difficulties at the end of 1960. Capital intensive businesses like auto manufacturing use the expensive machines and tools most efficiently should they use them constantly on full capacity, but the car market in Europe inside 1950s/60s was more seasonal than today, with sales diminishing with Winter, then peaking in the early summer months: Borgward’s inventory of unsold cars towards the end of 1960 was above usual, reflecting ambitious growth plans, most obviously in respect of the united states market[11] The December 1960 Spiegel article speculated that in the 15, 000 Borgward cars ordered with the North American dealers inside 1960 (and with the 12, 000 delivered to these) 6, 000 might have for being taken back following a slump in North american demand. (Borgward was not the sole European auto maker hit by way of North American slump successful for imported cars during 1960. In the same year two ships carrying Renault Dauphines were turned in mid-Atlantic because the docks in The big apple were overcrowded with unsold Dauphines.
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Towards the end of December 1960 Borgward approached the financial institution for a further just one million Marks of credit, the loan to be backed by the guarantee from the Bremen regional government which initially the Bremen senators decided provide. However, following the flood of critical press comment this senators withdrew their promise. They now required Carl Borgward to pledge the organization itself to the state in return for the guarantee. After a tense 13-hour meeting widely reported in a still hostile media, Borgward agreed to this senate’s terms on 4 February 1961, thereby averting the bankruptcy in the business.The Bremen Senate additionally insisted on appointing a unique nominee as chairman of the company’s supervisory board. The man they selected was Johannes Semler with whom reports generally describe to be a “Wirtschaftsprüfer” (public auditor), though this designation, especially once translated in to English, does less than full justice towards the breadth of Semler’s occupation. He had studied law at university and worked initially to be a lawyer. The scion of a number one Hamburg political family, in 1945 he acquired himself been a founding member of the centre-right CSU party, and was a member of the Bundestag between 1950 as well as 1953. Despite his Hamburg beginning, Semler was by on this occasion based in Munich, with a network of contacts within the Bavarian establishment that possibly included fellow CSU politician as well as the future German chancellor, Ludwig Erhard, who in 1948 had succeeded Semler in the top administrative position from the Bizone. The appointment of Johannes Semler because representative of the Bremen senators to chair the Borgward supervisory panel would, in retrospect, contribute to the dispute that followed the Borgward individual bankruptcy.
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With 28 July 1961 Semler, as Chairman of your supervisory board joined the directors in the three companies Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd to instigate proceedings with the establishment of a “Vergleichsverfahren”, which would have provided for any court sanctioned scheme of arrangement enabling the business to continue to trade while at the same time protecting the interests associated with creditors. [16] Two months after, however, in September 1961, the Borgward and Goliath organizations were declared bankrupt, followed in November with the Lloyd business. Subsequent “conspiracy theorists” get suggested that Semler, for reasons of her own, never had any purpose of allowing the Borgward auto-businesses in order to survive.
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