Borgward is an automobile manufacturer originally founded by Carl F. W. Borgward. The original company, based in Bremen throughout Germany, ceased operations in this 1960s. The Borgward group made four brands of cars: Borgward, Hansa, Goliath and Lloyd.The marque has considering that been revived by Carl Borgward's son, Christian Borgward, together with his companion Karlheinz L. Knöss, with assistance from China investment, and unveiled the businesses first new car within over 40 years, the BX7 at this 2015 International Motor Demonstrate.The origins of Bremen's most significant auto-business get back on 1905 with the organization in nearby Varel of the "Hansa Automobilgesellschaft" and the muse in Bremen itself of "Namag", maker of the Lloyd car. These two businesses merged in 1914 to the "Hansa-Lloyd-Werke A. G. ". After the war, in the troubled financial crisis then confronting Germany, the business failed to prosper and by the late 1920s faced personal bankruptcy. For Carl Borgward, already the successful creator from the Goliath-Blitzkarren business, the misfortunes of Hansa-Lloyd presented the possibility greatly to expand the actual scope of his automotive business, and he took control of the usb ports.
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The first "automobile" Carl Borgward developed was the 1924 Blitzkarren (lightning cart), a sort of teeny three-wheeled van with 3 hp (1. 5 kW), which was an enormous success already in the market gap it filled. Traders with a small budget got it for delivery. The Reichspost ordered most of them for postal service.In 1929, Borgward became the representative of Hansa Lloyd AG having had time to merge his "Goliath-Werke Borgward & Co. " with "Hansa-Lloyd. The small Goliath-Blitzkarren had right now evolved into the nonetheless three wheeler timber presented synthetic leather bodied 5 or maybe 7 hp Goliath Leader. Borgward turned his awareness of the other businesses as well as led the development from the Hansa Konsul. In February 1937, there came the brand-new Hansa Borgward 2000 along with in 1939 the label was shortened to Borgward 2000. The 2000 model was as well as the Borgward 2300that stayed in production until 1942.After World War II, in 1946 Carl Borgward used some of the brand names from organizations he had acquired in the past to found three different companies: Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd. This was intended to increase how much steel allocated to his business at any given time of austerity and rationing. For many purposes the companies would be run to be a single entity, but in a business operated by a man to whom delegation would not come naturally the spreading of legal entities however added unhelpful layers of complexity with the 1950s and encouraged a broadening on the range which in the end proved financially unsustainable using the sales volumes achievable. In 1949 company presented the Borgward Hansa 1500.One of several top engineers at Borgward through 1938-1952 was Dipl. Ing. Hubert M. Meingast.Production of the Borgward Isabella began in 1954. The Isabella would become Borgward's most in-demand model and remained in production to the life of the firm. In 1960 the Borgward P100 has been introduced, equipped with pneumatic suspension.Borgward introduced a line of 1500 cc sports racers within the late 1950s, with the 16-valve engine from these transforming into a successful Formula Two power unit (that was also used by many F1 privateers in 1961).Although Borgward pioneered technical novelties from the German market such as air suspension and automated transmission, the company had trouble competing out there. While larger companies just like Opel and VW took good thing about economies of scale in addition to kept their prices low to achieve market share, Borgward's cost structure was even beyond necessary for its sizing, as it basically handled as four tiny independent companies and do not implemented such basic price tag reduction strategies as articulation development and parts sharing between the company's makes. Borgward suffered quality problems likewise. The Lloyd Arabella was technically advanced as being a water-cooled boxer with top wheel drive, but plagued with problems like water leakage and gearbox errors. Lloyd lost money on the car even though it was more expensive compared to its direct competitors.In 1961, the company was compelled into liquidation by creditors. Carl Borgward died inside July 1963, still insisting the company were being technically solvent. This proved to be true within the sense that after the particular creditors were paid in full, there was still 5. 5 million Marks left from the business.
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Reviews of difficulties at Borgward surfaced in a article that appeared inside Germany's leading news journal, “Der Spiegel” on age 14 December 1960”. The very long, detailed, and in places similar Spiegel article was highlighted by using a picture of Borgward, cigar in mouth, on the magazine’s entry cover. It was strongly important of Carl Borgward's company approach, and included many on the arguments later advanced to go into detail or justify the businesses demise. The widest range of cars from any supplier in Germany, produced by three till recently operationally autonomous companies (Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd) has been supporting a turnover connected with only 650 million Scars, placing the overall sales value in the combined Borgward auto companies only in fifth location among Germany's auto-makers. The 70-year-old Carl Borgward's "hands-on" insistence with an increasingly manic proliferation associated with new and modified versions featuring adventurous, but under-developed technological innovative developments ("fast manisch[e] Konstruierwut") gave rise to components which all too often did not work, broke down or dropped apart, resulting in massive payments for pre-delivery remediation and/or write-up delivery warranty work that found their way back to the company.The December 1960 Spiegel article has not been the only serious open criticism targeting Borgward at this time: suddenly stridently negative (when more succinct) comments also resulted in in the influential mass-market Bild newspaper and in television accounts. Critical media commentaries additionally appeared concerning large loans to the Borgward Group provided with the local Landesbank.It is apparent that this business was confronting cash-flow difficulties towards the end of 1960. Capital intensive businesses for instance auto manufacturing use the expensive machines and tools most efficiently whenever they use them constantly with full capacity, but the car market in Europe in the 1950s/60s was more seasons than today, with sales diminishing within Winter, then peaking in earlier summer months: Borgward’s inventory of unsold cars right at the end of 1960 was more than usual, reflecting ambitious growth plans, most obviously in respect of the united states market[11] The December 1960 Spiegel article speculated that in the 15, 000 Borgward cars ordered because of the North American dealers throughout 1960 (and of the 12, 000 delivered to them) 6, 000 might have being taken back following a slump in Us demand. (Borgward was not the sole European auto maker hit by way of a North American slump popular for imported cars through 1960. In the same season two ships carrying Renault Dauphines were turned last mid-Atlantic because the docks in Nyc were overcrowded with unsold Dauphines.
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At the conclusion of December 1960 Borgward approached the lender for a further a single million Marks of credit score, the loan to be backed by way of a guarantee from the Bremen regional government which initially the Bremen senators agreed to provide. However, following the flood connected with critical press comment the particular senators withdrew their assure. They now required Carl Borgward to pledge the corporation itself to the state in return for the guarantee. After a tense 13-hour meeting widely reported within a still hostile media, Borgward agreed to this senate’s terms on some February 1961, thereby averting the bankruptcy on the business.The Bremen Senate also insisted on appointing a nominee as chairman on the company’s supervisory board. The man they selected was Johannes Semler which reports generally describe to be a “Wirtschaftsprüfer” (public auditor), though this designation, especially once translated into English, does less than full justice towards the breadth of Semler’s vocation. He had studied legislations at university and worked initially to be a lawyer. The scion of a number one Hamburg political family, in 1945 he experienced himself been a founding person in the centre-right CSU bash, and was a person in the Bundestag between 1950 and 1953. Despite his Hamburg roots, Semler was by these times based in Munich, with a network of contacts within the Bavarian establishment that almost certainly included fellow CSU politician plus the future German chancellor, Ludwig Erhard, who in 1948 had succeeded Semler in a very top administrative position inside Bizone. The appointment of Johannes Semler for the reason that representative of the Bremen senators to chair the Borgward supervisory board would, in retrospect, contribute to the conflict that followed the Borgward a bankruptcy proceeding.
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Upon 28 July 1961 Semler, as Chairman of the supervisory board joined the directors in the three companies Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd to instigate proceedings for that establishment of a “Vergleichsverfahren”, which would have provided for the court sanctioned scheme of arrangement enabling the business enterprise to continue to trade while at the same time protecting the interests associated with creditors. [16] Two months afterwards, however, in September 1961, the Borgward and Goliath businesses were declared bankrupt, followed in November from the Lloyd business. Subsequent “conspiracy theorists” get suggested that Semler, for reasons of his own, never had any objective of allowing the Borgward auto-businesses to help survive.
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