Borgward is definitely an automobile manufacturer originally created by Carl F. W. Borgward. The original company, based in Bremen throughout Germany, ceased operations in the particular 1960s. The Borgward group developed four brands of automobiles: Borgward, Hansa, Goliath and Lloyd.The marque has because been revived by Carl Borgward's son, Christian Borgward, together with his companion Karlheinz L. Knöss, with assistance from Far east investment, and unveiled the businesses first new car in over 40 years, the BX7 at the particular 2015 International Motor Show.The origins of Bremen's most significant auto-business get back on 1905 with the business in nearby Varel from the "Hansa Automobilgesellschaft" and the foundation in Bremen itself of "Namag", maker of the Lloyd automobile. These two businesses merged in 1914 to make the "Hansa-Lloyd-Werke A. G. ". After the war, in the troubled economic situation then confronting Germany, the business failed to prosper and by the late 1920s faced bankruptcy. For Carl Borgward, already the successful creator of the Goliath-Blitzkarren business, the misfortunes of Hansa-Lloyd presented the opportunity greatly to expand this scope of his car business, and he took control of computer.
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The very first "automobile" Carl Borgward intended was the 1924 Blitzkarren (super cart), a sort of teeny three-wheeled van with two hp (1. 5 kW), which was an enormous success available in the market gap it filled. Traders with a small budget purchased for delivery. The Reichspost ordered some of them for postal service.In 1929, Borgward became the director of Hansa Lloyd AG having had the oppertunity to merge his "Goliath-Werke Borgward & Co. " with "Hansa-Lloyd. The small Goliath-Blitzkarren had right now evolved into the however three wheeler timber presented synthetic leather bodied 5 as well as 7 hp Goliath Leader. Borgward turned his care about the other businesses along with led the development in the Hansa Konsul. In February 1937, there came the brand-new Hansa Borgward 2000 in addition to in 1939 the identify was shortened to Borgward 2000. The 2000 model was then the Borgward 2300that stayed in production until 1942.After World War II, in 1946 Carl Borgward used some of the brand names from corporations he had acquired through the years to found three individual companies: Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd. This was intended to increase the quality of steel allocated to his business at a time of austerity and rationing. For many purposes the businesses would be run like a single entity, but in a business operated by a man to whom delegation wouldn't come naturally the spreading of legal entities nevertheless added unhelpful layers of complexity from the 1950s and encouraged a broadening on the range which in the end proved financially unsustainable with the sales volumes achievable. In 1949 company presented the Borgward Hansa 1500.One of several top engineers at Borgward through 1938-1952 was Dipl. Ing. Hubert M. Meingast.Production of the Borgward Isabella started out in 1954. The Isabella would become Borgward's most widely used model and remained in production for that life of the firm. In 1960 the Borgward P100 seemed to be introduced, equipped with pneumatic suspension.Borgward introduced a type of 1500 cc sports racers in the late 1950s, with the 16-valve engine from these learning to be a successful Formula Two power unit (that has been also used by many F1 privateers in 1961).Although Borgward pioneered technical novelties inside the German market such because air suspension and programmed transmission, the company had trouble competing out there. While larger companies similar to Opel and VW took advantage of economies of scale as well as kept their prices low to get market share, Borgward's cost structure was even more than necessary for its size, as it basically handled as four tiny independent companies and not implemented such basic cost reduction strategies as articulation development and parts sharing between your company's makes. Borgward suffered quality problems likewise. The Lloyd Arabella was technically advanced to be a water-cooled boxer with front wheel drive, but plagued with problems such as water leakage and gearbox mistakes. Lloyd lost money on the car community . was more expensive than its direct competitors.In 1961, the company was pushed into liquidation by loan companies. Carl Borgward died throughout July 1963, still insisting the company ended up technically solvent. This proved to be true in the sense that after the actual creditors were paid in full, there was still four. 5 million Marks left over from the business.
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Reviews of difficulties at Borgward surfaced within the article that appeared throughout Germany's leading news newspaper, “Der Spiegel” on 15 December 1960”. The very long, detailed, and in places repeating Spiegel article was highlighted by way of a picture of Borgward, cigar in mouth, on the magazine’s top cover. It was strongly essential of Carl Borgward's business approach, and included many of the arguments later advanced to spellout or justify the businesses demise. The widest range of cars from any maker in Germany, produced by three until eventually recently operationally autonomous organizations (Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd) seemed to be supporting a turnover regarding only 650 million Signifies, placing the overall sales value on the combined Borgward auto firms only in fifth location among Germany's auto-makers. The 70-year-old Carl Borgward's "hands-on" insistence by using an increasingly manic proliferation connected with new and modified designs featuring adventurous, but under-developed technological enhancements ("fast manisch[e] Konstruierwut") presented rise to components which too often did not work, broke down or dropped apart, resulting in massive charges for pre-delivery remediation and/or article delivery warranty work that found their made use of to the company.The December 1960 Spiegel article has not been the only serious open criticism targeting Borgward presently: suddenly stridently negative (if more succinct) comments also resulted in in the influential mass-market Bild paper and in television stories. Critical media commentaries furthermore appeared concerning large loans to the Borgward Group provided because of the local Landesbank.It is apparent how the business was confronting cash-flow difficulties by the end of 1960. Capital intensive businesses for instance auto manufacturing use their particular expensive machines and tools most efficiently if they use them constantly from full capacity, but the car market in Europe from the 1950s/60s was more seasonal than today, with sales diminishing throughout Winter, then peaking in earlier summer months: Borgward’s inventory of unsold cars right at the end of 1960 was above usual, reflecting ambitious growth options, most obviously in respect of the usa market[11] The December 1960 Spiegel article speculated that in the 15, 000 Borgward cars ordered from the North American dealers in 1960 (and on the 12, 000 delivered to them) 6, 000 might have to get taken back following a slump in United states demand. (Borgward was not the only European auto maker hit by way of North American slump popular for imported cars while in 1960. In the same year two ships carrying Renault Dauphines were turned in mid-Atlantic because the docks in New york were overcrowded with unsold Dauphines.
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Right at the end of December 1960 Borgward approached the lender for a further 1 million Marks of credit ratings, the loan to be backed by a guarantee from the Bremen regional government which initially the Bremen senators opted for provide. However, following the flood associated with critical press comment the actual senators withdrew their guarantee. They now required Carl Borgward to pledge the corporation itself to the state in return for the guarantee. After a tense 13-hour meeting widely reported within a still hostile media, Borgward agreed to the senate’s terms on four February 1961, thereby averting the bankruptcy in the business.The Bremen Senate additionally insisted on appointing a unique nominee as chairman in the company’s supervisory board. The man they select was Johannes Semler with whom reports generally describe to be a “Wirtschaftsprüfer” (public auditor), though this designation, especially once translated directly into English, does less than full justice for the breadth of Semler’s career. He had studied legislations at university and worked initially being a lawyer. The scion of a top Hamburg political family, in 1945 he got himself been a founding person in the centre-right CSU get together, and was a person in the Bundestag between 1950 along with 1953. Despite his Hamburg sources, Semler was by this time around based in Munich, with a network of contacts inside Bavarian establishment that probably included fellow CSU politician plus the future German chancellor, Ludwig Erhard, who in 1948 had succeeded Semler in the top administrative position from the Bizone. The appointment of Johannes Semler for the reason that representative of the Bremen senators to be able to chair the Borgward supervisory board would, in retrospect, contribute to the controversy that followed the Borgward personal bankruptcy.
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On 28 July 1961 Semler, as Chairman of your supervisory board joined the directors on the three companies Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd to instigate proceedings for that establishment of a “Vergleichsverfahren”, which would have provided for any court sanctioned scheme of arrangement enabling the business to continue to trade while while doing so protecting the interests associated with creditors. [16] Two months in the future, however, in September 1961, the Borgward and Goliath companies were declared bankrupt, followed in November from the Lloyd business. Subsequent “conspiracy theorists” include suggested that Semler, for reasons of their own, never had any purpose of allowing the Borgward auto-businesses to help survive.
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