Borgward can be an automobile manufacturer originally created by Carl F. W. Borgward. The original company, based in Bremen within Germany, ceased operations in this 1960s. The Borgward group made four brands of autos: Borgward, Hansa, Goliath and Lloyd.The marque has because been revived by Carl Borgward's son, Christian Borgward, together with his associate Karlheinz L. Knöss, with assistance from Chinese investment, and unveiled the corporation's first new car within over 40 years, the BX7 at this 2015 International Motor Present.The origins of Bremen's most significant auto-business resume 1905 with the place in nearby Varel in the "Hansa Automobilgesellschaft" and the foundation in Bremen itself associated with "Namag", maker of the Lloyd auto. These two businesses merged in 1914 to make the "Hansa-Lloyd-Werke A. G. ". After the war, in the troubled economic situation then confronting Germany, the business failed to prosper and because of the late 1920s faced chapter 7. For Carl Borgward, already the successful creator of the Goliath-Blitzkarren business, the misfortunes of Hansa-Lloyd presented the opportunity greatly to expand the particular scope of his auto business, and he took control from it.
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The primary "automobile" Carl Borgward intended was the 1924 Blitzkarren (super cart), a sort of little three-wheeled van with two hp (1. 5 kW), which was an enormous success on the market gap it filled. Traders with a small budget purchased for delivery. The Reichspost ordered some of them for postal service.In 1929, Borgward became the representative of Hansa Lloyd AG having gotten to merge his "Goliath-Werke Borgward & Co. " with "Hansa-Lloyd. The small Goliath-Blitzkarren had right now evolved into the even now three wheeler timber framed synthetic leather bodied 5 or maybe 7 hp Goliath Leading. Borgward turned his awareness of the other businesses along with led the development in the Hansa Konsul. In February 1937, there came the brand new Hansa Borgward 2000 and also in 1939 the identify was shortened to Borgward 2000. The 2000 model was then the Borgward 2300that continued in production until 1942.After World War II, in 1946 Carl Borgward used a few of the brand names from firms he had acquired in recent times to found three distinct companies: Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd. This was intended to increase the quality of steel allocated to his business at the same time of austerity and rationing. For many purposes the firms would be run as a single entity, but in a business operated by a man to whom delegation did not come naturally the proliferation of legal entities even so added unhelpful layers of complexity throughout the 1950s and encouraged a broadening in the range which finally proved financially unsustainable while using the sales volumes achievable. In 1949 company introduced the Borgward Hansa 1500.Among the top engineers at Borgward via 1938-1952 was Dipl. Ing. Hubert M. Meingast.Production of the Borgward Isabella commenced in 1954. The Isabella would become Borgward's most favored model and remained in production for the life of the firm. In 1960 the Borgward P100 has been introduced, equipped with pneumatic suspension.Borgward introduced a distinctive line of 1500 cc sports racers within the late 1950s, with the 16-valve engine from these learning to be a successful Formula Two power unit (that is also used by some F1 privateers in 1961).Although Borgward pioneered technical novelties in the German market such while air suspension and automatic transmission, the company had trouble competing available on the market. While larger companies like Opel and VW took good thing about economies of scale and kept their prices low to gain market share, Borgward's cost structure was even more than necessary for its sizing, as it basically controlled as four tiny independent companies and never implemented such basic charge reduction strategies as mutual development and parts sharing between the company's makes. Borgward suffered quality problems as well. The Lloyd Arabella was technically advanced being a water-cooled boxer with top wheel drive, but plagued with problems for instance water leakage and gearbox snags. Lloyd lost money on the car although it was more expensive in comparison with its direct competitors.In 1961, the company was required into liquidation by credit card companies. Carl Borgward died in July 1963, still insisting the company have been technically solvent. This proved to be true within the sense that after the particular creditors were paid completely, there was still 4. 5 million Marks left from the business.
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Accounts of difficulties at Borgward surfaced in an article that appeared in Germany's leading news journal, “Der Spiegel” on age 14 December 1960”. The very long, detailed, and in places recurring Spiegel article was highlighted by using a picture of Borgward, cigar in mouth, on the magazine’s top cover. It was strongly crucial of Carl Borgward's company approach, and included many of the arguments later advanced to spell out or justify the businesses demise. The widest range associated with cars from any manufacturer in Germany, produced by three until recently operationally autonomous firms (Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd) seemed to be supporting a turnover of only 650 million Represents, placing the overall sales value from your combined Borgward auto corporations only in fifth place among Germany's auto-makers. The 70-year-old Carl Borgward's "hands-on" insistence by using an increasingly manic proliferation regarding new and modified versions featuring adventurous, but under-developed technological inventions ("fast manisch[e] Konstruierwut") presented rise to components which excessively did not work, broke down or fell into apart, resulting in massive expenses for pre-delivery remediation and/or submit delivery warranty work that found their in the past to the company.The December 1960 Spiegel article was not the only serious public criticism targeting Borgward currently: suddenly stridently negative (in the event that more succinct) comments also resulted in in the influential mass-market Bild newspapers and in television accounts. Critical media commentaries additionally appeared concerning large loans towards Borgward Group provided by the local Landesbank.It is apparent that this business was confronting cash-flow difficulties at the end of 1960. Capital intensive businesses like auto manufacturing use the expensive machines and tools most efficiently should they use them constantly on full capacity, but the car market in Europe inside the 1950s/60s was more temporary than today, with sales diminishing with Winter, then peaking in the first summer months: Borgward’s inventory of unsold cars towards the end of 1960 was higher than usual, reflecting ambitious growth strategies, most obviously in respect of the united states market[11] The December 1960 Spiegel article speculated that in the 15, 000 Borgward cars ordered with the North American dealers inside 1960 (and on the 12, 000 delivered to these individuals) 6, 000 might have being taken back following a slump in American demand. (Borgward was not really the only European auto maker hit by way of North American slump successful for imported cars in the course of 1960. In the same 12 months two ships carrying Renault Dauphines were turned in mid-Atlantic because the docks in The big apple were overcrowded with unsold Dauphines.
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At the conclusion of December 1960 Borgward approached the lending company for a further one million Marks of credit ratings, the loan to be backed by the guarantee from the Bremen local government which initially the Bremen senators decided to provide. However, following the flood associated with critical press comment the particular senators withdrew their promise. They now required Carl Borgward to pledge the organization itself to the state in substitution for the guarantee. After a tense 13-hour meeting widely reported in the still hostile media, Borgward agreed to this senate’s terms on 5 February 1961, thereby averting the bankruptcy in the business.The Bremen Senate in addition insisted on appointing a nominee as chairman on the company’s supervisory board. The man they select was Johannes Semler who reports generally describe as being a “Wirtschaftsprüfer” (public auditor), though this designation, especially once translated in to English, does less than full justice towards the breadth of Semler’s vocation. He had studied legislations at university and worked initially being a lawyer. The scion of a leading Hamburg political family, in 1945 he received himself been a founding person in the centre-right CSU get together, and was a member of the Bundestag between 1950 along with 1953. Despite his Hamburg origins, Semler was by this time around based in Munich, with a network of contacts from the Bavarian establishment that possibly included fellow CSU politician and also the future German chancellor, Ludwig Erhard, who in 1948 had succeeded Semler in the top administrative position inside Bizone. The appointment of Johannes Semler since the representative of the Bremen senators in order to chair the Borgward supervisory table would, in retrospect, contribute to the dispute that followed the Borgward individual bankruptcy.
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With 28 July 1961 Semler, as Chairman of this supervisory board joined the directors on the three companies Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd to instigate proceedings for the establishment of a “Vergleichsverfahren”, which would have provided for any court sanctioned scheme of arrangement enabling the organization to continue to trade while while doing so protecting the interests connected with creditors. [16] Two months in the future, however, in September 1961, the Borgward and Goliath companies were declared bankrupt, followed in November because of the Lloyd business. Subsequent “conspiracy theorists” have got suggested that Semler, for reasons of her own, never had any purpose of allowing the Borgward auto-businesses in order to survive.
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