Borgward is surely an automobile manufacturer originally launched by Carl F. W. Borgward. The original company, based in Bremen in Germany, ceased operations in your 1960s. The Borgward group produced four brands of cars and trucks: Borgward, Hansa, Goliath and Lloyd.The marque has because been revived by Carl Borgward's son, Christian Borgward, together with his spouse Karlheinz L. Knöss, with assistance from Oriental investment, and unveiled the business's first new car inside over 40 years, the BX7 at the particular 2015 International Motor Display.The origins of Bremen's most significant auto-business get back to 1905 with the business in nearby Varel with the "Hansa Automobilgesellschaft" and the muse in Bremen itself connected with "Namag", maker of the Lloyd vehicle. These two businesses merged in 1914 to form the "Hansa-Lloyd-Werke A. G. ". After the war, in the troubled financial situation then confronting Germany, the business failed to prosper and from the late 1920s faced bankruptcy. For Carl Borgward, already the successful creator with the Goliath-Blitzkarren business, the misfortunes of Hansa-Lloyd presented a chance greatly to expand the particular scope of his automobile business, and he took control of computer.
The primary "automobile" Carl Borgward made was the 1924 Blitzkarren (super cart), a sort of teeny three-wheeled van with a couple of hp (1. 5 kW), which was an enormous success out there gap it filled. Traders with a small budget purchased for delivery. The Reichspost ordered many for postal service.In 1929, Borgward became the home of Hansa Lloyd AG having had time to merge his "Goliath-Werke Borgward & Co. " with "Hansa-Lloyd. The small Goliath-Blitzkarren had by now evolved into the however three wheeler timber framed synthetic leather bodied 5 or perhaps 7 hp Goliath Pioneer. Borgward turned his awareness of the other businesses along with led the development of the Hansa Konsul. In February 1937, there came the brand new Hansa Borgward 2000 as well as in 1939 the brand was shortened to Borgward 2000. The 2000 model was accompanied by the Borgward 2300that remained in production until 1942.After World War II, in 1946 Carl Borgward used a lot of the brand names from organizations he had acquired over the years to found three individual companies: Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd. This was intended to increase the quantity of steel allocated to his business each time of austerity and rationing. For many purposes the firms would be run as a single entity, but in a business operated by a man to whom delegation would not come naturally the spreading of legal entities nonetheless added unhelpful layers of complexity from the 1950s and encouraged a broadening with the range which ultimately proved financially unsustainable with all the sales volumes achievable. In 1949 company introduced the Borgward Hansa 1500.One of the top engineers at Borgward by 1938-1952 was Dipl. Ing. Hubert M. Meingast.Production of the Borgward Isabella started out in 1954. The Isabella would become Borgward's most widely used model and remained in production to the life of the corporation. In 1960 the Borgward P100 has been introduced, equipped with pneumatic suspension.Borgward introduced a distinctive line of 1500 cc sports racers in the late 1950s, with the 16-valve engine from these becoming a successful Formula Two power unit (that has been also used by a number of F1 privateers in 1961).Although Borgward pioneered technical novelties inside the German market such seeing that air suspension and automatic transmission, the company had trouble competing out there. While larger companies just like Opel and VW took benefit from economies of scale in addition to kept their prices low to realize market share, Borgward's cost structure was even beyond necessary for its dimension, as it basically run as four tiny independent companies rather than implemented such basic cost reduction strategies as articulation development and parts sharing between company's makes. Borgward suffered quality problems also. The Lloyd Arabella was technically advanced like a water-cooled boxer with entrance wheel drive, but plagued with problems like water leakage and gearbox secrets. Lloyd lost money on the car though it was more expensive than its direct competitors.In 1961, the company was required into liquidation by credit card companies. Carl Borgward died within July 1963, still insisting the company was technically solvent. This proved to be true within the sense that after this creditors were paid completely, there was still four. 5 million Marks left over from the business.
Reviews of difficulties at Borgward surfaced within the article that appeared inside Germany's leading news mag, “Der Spiegel” on fourteen December 1960”. The very long, detailed, and in places similar Spiegel article was highlighted by way of a picture of Borgward, cigar in mouth, on the magazine’s entry cover. It was strongly critical of Carl Borgward's small business approach, and included many with the arguments later advanced to describe or justify the firm's demise. The widest range involving cars from any maker in Germany, produced by three until eventually recently operationally autonomous corporations (Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd) was supporting a turnover associated with only 650 million Represents, placing the overall sales value through the combined Borgward auto companies only in fifth place among Germany's auto-makers. The 70-year-old Carl Borgward's "hands-on" insistence with an increasingly manic proliferation regarding new and modified types featuring adventurous, but under-developed technological improvements ("fast manisch[e] Konstruierwut") provided rise to components which all too often did not work, broke down or droped apart, resulting in massive charges for pre-delivery remediation and/or write-up delivery warranty work that found their way back to the company.The December 1960 Spiegel article had not been the only serious general public criticism targeting Borgward at the moment: suddenly stridently negative (in the event that more succinct) comments also turned up in the influential mass-market Bild newspaper and in television accounts. Critical media commentaries in addition appeared concerning large loans towards the Borgward Group provided from the local Landesbank.It is apparent which the business was confronting cash-flow difficulties by the end of 1960. Capital intensive businesses for example auto manufacturing use the expensive machines and tools most efficiently when they use them constantly on full capacity, but the car market in Europe inside 1950s/60s was more in season than today, with sales diminishing with Winter, then peaking in the early summer months: Borgward’s inventory of unsold cars towards the end of 1960 was greater than usual, reflecting ambitious growth ideas, most obviously in respect of the usa market[11] The December 1960 Spiegel article speculated that of the 15, 000 Borgward cars ordered because of the North American dealers within 1960 (and on the 12, 000 delivered to all of them) 6, 000 might have to become taken back following a slump in North american demand. (Borgward was not the sole European auto maker hit with a North American slump in demand for imported cars during 1960. In the same yr two ships carrying Renault Dauphines were turned back in mid-Atlantic because the docks in Ny were overcrowded with unsold Dauphines.
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At the end of December 1960 Borgward approached the financial institution for a further one particular million Marks of credit score, the loan to be backed by way of guarantee from the Bremen regional government which initially the Bremen senators consented to provide. However, following the flood regarding critical press comment the senators withdrew their ensure. They now required Carl Borgward to pledge the business itself to the state in return for the guarantee. After a tense 13-hour meeting widely reported in a still hostile media, Borgward agreed to your senate’s terms on 5 February 1961, thereby averting the bankruptcy on the business.The Bremen Senate also insisted on appointing its nominee as chairman from the company’s supervisory board. The man they select was Johannes Semler who reports generally describe as being a “Wirtschaftsprüfer” (public auditor), though this designation, especially once translated straight into English, does less than full justice on the breadth of Semler’s profession. He had studied regulation at university and worked initially as a lawyer. The scion of a top Hamburg political family, in 1945 he received himself been a founding person in the centre-right CSU party, and was a member of the Bundestag between 1950 and 1953. Despite his Hamburg beginning, Semler was by these times based in Munich, with a network of contacts inside the Bavarian establishment that likely included fellow CSU politician along with the future German chancellor, Ludwig Erhard, who in 1948 had succeeded Semler in the top administrative position within the Bizone. The appointment of Johannes Semler since the representative of the Bremen senators for you to chair the Borgward supervisory panel would, in retrospect, contribute to the conflict that followed the Borgward chapter 7.
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On 28 July 1961 Semler, as Chairman of this supervisory board joined the directors in the three companies Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd to instigate proceedings for your establishment of a “Vergleichsverfahren”, which would have provided for just a court sanctioned scheme of arrangement enabling the business enterprise to continue to trade while while doing so protecting the interests associated with creditors. [16] Two months afterwards, however, in September 1961, the Borgward and Goliath corporations were declared bankrupt, followed in November by the Lloyd business. Subsequent “conspiracy theorists” possess suggested that Semler, for reasons of their own, never had any intent of allowing the Borgward auto-businesses in order to survive.
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