Borgward is surely an automobile manufacturer originally launched by Carl F. W. Borgward. The original company, based in Bremen in Germany, ceased operations in the 1960s. The Borgward group developed four brands of cars: Borgward, Hansa, Goliath and Lloyd.The marque has because been revived by Carl Borgward's grand son, Christian Borgward, together with his companion Karlheinz L. Knöss, with assistance from Chinese investment, and unveiled the business's first new car within over 40 years, the BX7 at the actual 2015 International Motor Indicate.The origins of Bremen's most significant auto-business get back to 1905 with the institution in nearby Varel on the "Hansa Automobilgesellschaft" and the foundation in Bremen itself of "Namag", maker of the Lloyd auto. These two businesses merged in 1914 in order to create the "Hansa-Lloyd-Werke A. G. ". After the war, in the troubled economy then confronting Germany, the business failed to prosper and because of the late 1920s faced a bankruptcy proceeding. For Carl Borgward, already the successful creator in the Goliath-Blitzkarren business, the misfortunes of Hansa-Lloyd presented an opportunity greatly to expand your scope of his automotive business, and he took control of computer.
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The 1st "automobile" Carl Borgward developed was the 1924 Blitzkarren (turbo cart), a sort of very small three-wheeled van with a couple of hp (1. 5 kW), which was an enormous success on the market gap it filled. Traders with a small budget ordered for delivery. The Reichspost ordered quite a few for postal service.In 1929, Borgward became the director of Hansa Lloyd AG having gotten to merge his "Goliath-Werke Borgward & Company. " with "Hansa-Lloyd. The small Goliath-Blitzkarren had nowadays evolved into the nonetheless three wheeler timber presented synthetic leather bodied 5 or perhaps 7 hp Goliath Founder. Borgward turned his awareness of the other businesses along with led the development from the Hansa Konsul. In February 1937, there came the completely new Hansa Borgward 2000 in addition to in 1939 the title was shortened to Borgward 2000. The 2000 model was and then the Borgward 2300that continued to be in production until 1942.After World War II, in 1946 Carl Borgward used a lot of the brand names from corporations he had acquired through the years to found three distinct companies: Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd. This was intended to increase the amount of steel allocated to his business at a time of austerity and rationing. For many purposes the lenders would be run being a single entity, but in a business operated with a man to whom delegation did not come naturally the spreading of legal entities on the other hand added unhelpful layers of complexity from the 1950s and encouraged a broadening on the range which in the long run proved financially unsustainable with all the sales volumes achievable. In 1949 company introduced the Borgward Hansa 1500.One of the top engineers at Borgward by 1938-1952 was Dipl. Ing. Hubert M. Meingast.Production of the Borgward Isabella commenced in 1954. The Isabella would become Borgward's most widely used model and remained in production for the life of the organization. In 1960 the Borgward P100 seemed to be introduced, equipped with pneumatic suspension.Borgward introduced a distinctive line of 1500 cc sports racers in the late 1950s, with the 16-valve engine from these learning to be a successful Formula Two power unit (that is also used by a number of F1 privateers in 1961).Although Borgward pioneered technical novelties from the German market such as air suspension and programmed transmission, the company had trouble competing in the market. While larger companies like Opel and VW took advantage of economies of scale as well as kept their prices low to realize market share, Borgward's cost structure was even more than necessary for its dimension, as it basically controlled as four tiny independent companies and not implemented such basic charge reduction strategies as shared development and parts sharing relating to the company's makes. Borgward suffered quality problems too. The Lloyd Arabella was technically advanced being a water-cooled boxer with the front wheel drive, but plagued with problems including water leakage and gearbox glitches. Lloyd lost money on the car just about the most was more expensive in comparison with its direct competitors.In 1961, the company was forced into liquidation by creditors. Carl Borgward died inside July 1963, still insisting the company were being technically solvent. This proved to be true within the sense that after the creditors were paid fully, there was still some. 5 million Marks left from the business.
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Stories of difficulties at Borgward surfaced within the article that appeared throughout Germany's leading news magazine, “Der Spiegel” on 18 December 1960”. The very long, detailed, and in places repetitive Spiegel article was highlighted by way of a picture of Borgward, cigar in mouth, on the magazine’s front cover. It was strongly critical of Carl Borgward's enterprise approach, and included many in the arguments later advanced to explain or justify the company's demise. The widest range connected with cars from any supplier in Germany, produced by three till recently operationally autonomous organizations (Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd) has been supporting a turnover regarding only 650 million Signifies, placing the overall sales value from the combined Borgward auto businesses only in fifth location among Germany's auto-makers. The 70-year-old Carl Borgward's "hands-on" insistence with an increasingly manic proliferation of new and modified versions featuring adventurous, but under-developed technological enhancements ("fast manisch[e] Konstruierwut") provided rise to components which many times did not work, broke down or fell apart, resulting in massive costs for pre-delivery remediation and/or submit delivery warranty work that found their long ago to the company.The December 1960 Spiegel article hasn't been the only serious community criticism targeting Borgward at the moment: suddenly stridently negative (if more succinct) comments also turned up in the influential mass-market Bild newspapers and in television reports. Critical media commentaries furthermore appeared concerning large loans for the Borgward Group provided by the local Landesbank.It is apparent that the business was confronting cash-flow difficulties right at the end of 1960. Capital intensive businesses for instance auto manufacturing use their expensive machines and tools most efficiently when they use them constantly from full capacity, but the car market in Europe from the 1950s/60s was more seasons than today, with sales diminishing in Winter, then peaking in their early summer months: Borgward’s inventory of unsold cars by the end of 1960 was above usual, reflecting ambitious growth ideas, most obviously in respect of the usa market[11] The December 1960 Spiegel article speculated that of the 15, 000 Borgward cars ordered through the North American dealers inside 1960 (and of the 12, 000 delivered to all of them) 6, 000 might have to be taken back following a slump in United states demand. (Borgward was not the only European auto maker hit by the North American slump popular for imported cars while in 1960. In the same 12 months two ships carrying Renault Dauphines were turned last mid-Atlantic because the docks in New york were overcrowded with unsold Dauphines.
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At the conclusion of December 1960 Borgward approached the lender for a further just one million Marks of credit history, the loan to be backed by the guarantee from the Bremen regional government which initially the Bremen senators opted for provide. However, following the flood associated with critical press comment the particular senators withdrew their guarantee. They now required Carl Borgward to pledge the organization itself to the state in substitution for the guarantee. After a tense 13-hour meeting widely reported in the still hostile media, Borgward agreed to the senate’s terms on 5 February 1961, thereby averting the bankruptcy in the business.The Bremen Senate also insisted on appointing a nominee as chairman from the company’s supervisory board. The man they selected was Johannes Semler to whom reports generally describe as being a “Wirtschaftsprüfer” (public auditor), though this designation, especially once translated straight into English, does less than full justice for the breadth of Semler’s career. He had studied legislations at university and worked initially as a lawyer. The scion of a number one Hamburg political family, in 1945 he experienced himself been a founding person in the centre-right CSU get together, and was a person in the Bundestag between 1950 as well as 1953. Despite his Hamburg beginning, Semler was by on this occasion based in Munich, with a network of contacts in the Bavarian establishment that possibly included fellow CSU politician and the future German chancellor, Ludwig Erhard, who in 1948 had succeeded Semler in a very top administrative position in the Bizone. The appointment of Johannes Semler as the representative of the Bremen senators to be able to chair the Borgward supervisory board would, in retrospect, contribute to the hot debate that followed the Borgward bankruptcy.
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In 28 July 1961 Semler, as Chairman of your supervisory board joined the directors in the three companies Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd to instigate proceedings for that establishment of a “Vergleichsverfahren”, which would have provided for just a court sanctioned scheme of arrangement enabling the organization to continue to trade while simultaneously protecting the interests involving creditors. [16] Two months after, however, in September 1961, the Borgward and Goliath businesses were declared bankrupt, followed in November because of the Lloyd business. Subsequent “conspiracy theorists” have got suggested that Semler, for reasons of their own, never had any intent of allowing the Borgward auto-businesses in order to survive.
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