Borgward is an automobile manufacturer originally created by Carl F. W. Borgward. The original company, based in Bremen inside Germany, ceased operations in this 1960s. The Borgward group generated four brands of automobiles: Borgward, Hansa, Goliath and Lloyd.The marque has because been revived by Carl Borgward's son, Christian Borgward, together with his partner Karlheinz L. Knöss, with assistance from Far east investment, and unveiled the firm's first new car within over 40 years, the BX7 at the particular 2015 International Motor Display.The origins of Bremen's most significant auto-business get back to 1905 with the business in nearby Varel in the "Hansa Automobilgesellschaft" and the walls in Bremen itself regarding "Namag", maker of the Lloyd auto. These two businesses merged in 1914 to the "Hansa-Lloyd-Werke A. G. ". After the war, in the troubled financial crisis then confronting Germany, the business failed to prosper and with the late 1920s faced personal bankruptcy. For Carl Borgward, already the successful creator from the Goliath-Blitzkarren business, the misfortunes of Hansa-Lloyd presented a chance greatly to expand your scope of his automobile business, and he took control from it.
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The primary "automobile" Carl Borgward created was the 1924 Blitzkarren (lightning cart), a sort of very small three-wheeled van with 2 hp (1. 5 kW), which was an enormous success on the market gap it filled. Traders with a small budget purchased for delivery. The Reichspost ordered many for postal service.In 1929, Borgward became the director of Hansa Lloyd AG having had the opportunity to merge his "Goliath-Werke Borgward & Corp. " with "Hansa-Lloyd. The small Goliath-Blitzkarren had nowadays evolved into the even now three wheeler timber framed synthetic leather bodied 5 or maybe 7 hp Goliath Leading. Borgward turned his attention to the other businesses and led the development of the Hansa Konsul. In February 1937, there came the fresh Hansa Borgward 2000 and also in 1939 the label was shortened to Borgward 2000. The 2000 model was accompanied by the Borgward 2300that remained in production until 1942.After World War II, in 1946 Carl Borgward used a few of the brand names from organizations he had acquired in the past to found three distinct companies: Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd. This was intended to increase the quality of steel allocated to his business each time of austerity and rationing. For many purposes the lenders would be run like a single entity, but in a business operated by a man to whom delegation would not come naturally the proliferation of legal entities nonetheless added unhelpful layers of complexity with the 1950s and encouraged a broadening in the range which in the long run proved financially unsustainable with the sales volumes achievable. In 1949 company shown the Borgward Hansa 1500.One of many top engineers at Borgward by 1938-1952 was Dipl. Ing. Hubert M. Meingast.Production of the Borgward Isabella commenced in 1954. The Isabella would become Borgward's hottest model and remained in production for your life of the organization. In 1960 the Borgward P100 has been introduced, equipped with pneumatic suspension.Borgward introduced a line of 1500 cc sports racers inside the late 1950s, with the 16-valve engine from these to become successful Formula Two power unit (that is also used by several F1 privateers in 1961).Although Borgward pioneered technical novelties from the German market such while air suspension and programmed transmission, the company had trouble competing available. While larger companies including Opel and VW took selling point of economies of scale along with kept their prices low to gain market share, Borgward's cost structure was even greater than necessary for its sizing, as it basically run as four tiny independent companies and never implemented such basic price reduction strategies as joint development and parts sharing between your company's makes. Borgward suffered quality problems at the same time. The Lloyd Arabella was technically advanced as being a water-cooled boxer with entry wheel drive, but plagued with problems like water leakage and gearbox snags. Lloyd lost money on the car community . was more expensive in comparison with its direct competitors.In 1961, the company was required into liquidation by collectors. Carl Borgward died with July 1963, still insisting the company have been technically solvent. This proved to be true inside sense that after your creditors were paid fully, there was still four. 5 million Marks remaining from the business.
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Accounts of difficulties at Borgward surfaced in the article that appeared inside Germany's leading news journal, “Der Spiegel” on 15 December 1960”. The very long, detailed, and in places repetitive Spiegel article was highlighted by using a picture of Borgward, cigar in mouth, on the magazine’s the front cover. It was strongly important of Carl Borgward's company approach, and included many in the arguments later advanced to go into detail or justify the firm's demise. The widest range associated with cars from any supplier in Germany, produced by three till recently operationally autonomous businesses (Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd) had been supporting a turnover of only 650 million Scars, placing the overall sales value in the combined Borgward auto companies only in fifth placement among Germany's auto-makers. The 70-year-old Carl Borgward's "hands-on" insistence with an increasingly manic proliferation associated with new and modified products featuring adventurous, but under-developed technological improvements ("fast manisch[e] Konstruierwut") offered rise to components which too often did not work, broke down or dropped apart, resulting in massive bills for pre-delivery remediation and/or submit delivery warranty work that found their made use of to the company.The December 1960 Spiegel article wasn't the only serious open public criticism targeting Borgward at this time: suddenly stridently negative (in case more succinct) comments also turned up in the influential mass-market Bild newspapers and in television reviews. Critical media commentaries also appeared concerning large loans towards Borgward Group provided by the local Landesbank.It is apparent which the business was confronting cash-flow difficulties right at the end of 1960. Capital intensive businesses for instance auto manufacturing use his or her expensive machines and tools most efficiently if they use them constantly from full capacity, but the car market in Europe from the 1950s/60s was more seasonal than today, with sales diminishing in Winter, then peaking in their early summer months: Borgward’s inventory of unsold cars at the end of 1960 was greater than usual, reflecting ambitious growth programs, most obviously in respect of the usa market[11] The December 1960 Spiegel article speculated that in the 15, 000 Borgward cars ordered through the North American dealers inside 1960 (and from the 12, 000 delivered to these individuals) 6, 000 might have to get taken back following a slump in United states demand. (Borgward was not the one European auto maker hit by way of North American slump successful for imported cars while in 1960. In the same yr two ships carrying Renault Dauphines were turned back in mid-Atlantic because the docks in New york were overcrowded with unsold Dauphines.
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Towards the end of December 1960 Borgward approached the bank for a further 1 million Marks of credit ratings, the loan to be backed by way of a guarantee from the Bremen regional government which initially the Bremen senators consented to provide. However, following the flood associated with critical press comment this senators withdrew their ensure. They now required Carl Borgward to pledge the organization itself to the state in return for the guarantee. After a tense 13-hour meeting widely reported in a still hostile media, Borgward agreed to the particular senate’s terms on several February 1961, thereby averting the bankruptcy of the business.The Bremen Senate likewise insisted on appointing its own nominee as chairman with the company’s supervisory board. The man they select was Johannes Semler to whom reports generally describe as being a “Wirtschaftsprüfer” (public auditor), though this designation, especially once translated in English, does less than full justice towards the breadth of Semler’s career. He had studied legislation at university and worked initially being a lawyer. The scion of a respected Hamburg political family, in 1945 he had himself been a founding person in the centre-right CSU bash, and was a person in the Bundestag between 1950 and also 1953. Despite his Hamburg origins, Semler was by on this occasion based in Munich, with a network of contacts from the Bavarian establishment that most likely included fellow CSU politician and also the future German chancellor, Ludwig Erhard, who in 1948 had succeeded Semler inside a top administrative position inside Bizone. The appointment of Johannes Semler for the reason that representative of the Bremen senators to chair the Borgward supervisory aboard would, in retrospect, contribute to the conflict that followed the Borgward a bankruptcy proceeding.
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With 28 July 1961 Semler, as Chairman of the supervisory board joined the directors from the three companies Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd to instigate proceedings for the establishment of a “Vergleichsverfahren”, which would have provided for just a court sanctioned scheme of arrangement enabling the business to continue to trade while simultaneously protecting the interests connected with creditors. [16] Two months in the future, however, in September 1961, the Borgward and Goliath businesses were declared bankrupt, followed in November from the Lloyd business. Subsequent “conspiracy theorists” have suggested that Semler, for reasons of their own, never had any objective of allowing the Borgward auto-businesses to help survive.
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