Borgward is an automobile manufacturer originally created by Carl F. W. Borgward. The original company, based in Bremen throughout Germany, ceased operations in the 1960s. The Borgward group produced four brands of cars and trucks: Borgward, Hansa, Goliath and Lloyd.The marque has given that been revived by Carl Borgward's grandson, Christian Borgward, together with his associate Karlheinz L. Knöss, with assistance from Chinese language investment, and unveiled the corporation's first new car with over 40 years, the BX7 at the particular 2015 International Motor Present.The origins of Bremen's most significant auto-business get back on 1905 with the organization in nearby Varel on the "Hansa Automobilgesellschaft" and the inspiration in Bremen itself of "Namag", maker of the Lloyd car. These two businesses merged in 1914 to the "Hansa-Lloyd-Werke A. G. ". After the war, in the troubled economy then confronting Germany, the business failed to prosper and by the late 1920s faced a bankruptcy proceeding. For Carl Borgward, already the successful creator from the Goliath-Blitzkarren business, the misfortunes of Hansa-Lloyd presented a chance greatly to expand your scope of his automotive business, and he took control of the usb ports.
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The very first "automobile" Carl Borgward made was the 1924 Blitzkarren (lightning cart), a sort of little three-wheeled van with 3 hp (1. 5 kW), which was an enormous success out there gap it filled. Traders with a small budget bought for delivery. The Reichspost ordered quite a few for postal service.In 1929, Borgward became the representative of Hansa Lloyd AG having had the opportunity to merge his "Goliath-Werke Borgward & Co. " with "Hansa-Lloyd. The small Goliath-Blitzkarren had by now evolved into the nevertheless three wheeler timber framed synthetic leather bodied 5 or 7 hp Goliath Leader. Borgward turned his care about the other businesses along with led the development from the Hansa Konsul. In February 1937, there came the completely new Hansa Borgward 2000 as well as in 1939 the brand was shortened to Borgward 2000. The 2000 model was and then the Borgward 2300that always been in production until 1942.After World War II, in 1946 Carl Borgward used some of the brand names from firms he had acquired in the past to found three distinct companies: Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd. This was intended to increase the quantity of steel allocated to his business each time of austerity and rationing. For many purposes the companies would be run as a single entity, but in a business operated by the man to whom delegation did not come naturally the growth of legal entities even so added unhelpful layers of complexity throughout the 1950s and encouraged a broadening with the range which ultimately proved financially unsustainable with all the sales volumes achievable. In 1949 company offered the Borgward Hansa 1500.One of many top engineers at Borgward coming from 1938-1952 was Dipl. Ing. Hubert M. Meingast.Production of the Borgward Isabella begun in 1954. The Isabella would become Borgward's most widely used model and remained in production for that life of the firm. In 1960 the Borgward P100 ended up being introduced, equipped with pneumatic suspension.Borgward introduced a distinctive line of 1500 cc sports racers inside late 1950s, with the 16-valve engine from these to become successful Formula Two power unit (which has been also used by some F1 privateers in 1961).Although Borgward pioneered technical novelties inside German market such as air suspension and automatic transmission, the company had trouble competing available. While larger companies similar to Opel and VW took benefit from economies of scale in addition to kept their prices low to gain market share, Borgward's cost structure was even greater than necessary for its measurement, as it basically managed as four tiny independent companies and never implemented such basic expense reduction strategies as combined development and parts sharing relating to the company's makes. Borgward suffered quality problems too. The Lloyd Arabella was technically advanced like a water-cooled boxer with the front wheel drive, but plagued with problems for instance water leakage and gearbox snags. Lloyd lost money on the car community . was more expensive compared to its direct competitors.In 1961, the company was pressured into liquidation by loan companies. Carl Borgward died within July 1963, still insisting the company have been technically solvent. This proved to be true from the sense that after this creditors were paid completely, there was still some. 5 million Marks left from the business.
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Studies of difficulties at Borgward surfaced within an article that appeared in Germany's leading news publication, “Der Spiegel” on 18 December 1960”. The very long, detailed, and in places repetitive Spiegel article was highlighted by using a picture of Borgward, cigar in mouth, on the magazine’s entry cover. It was strongly crucial of Carl Borgward's organization approach, and included many on the arguments later advanced to describe or justify the company's demise. The widest range regarding cars from any manufacturer in Germany, produced by three right up until recently operationally autonomous businesses (Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd) seemed to be supporting a turnover regarding only 650 million Marks, placing the overall sales value through the combined Borgward auto corporations only in fifth position among Germany's auto-makers. The 70-year-old Carl Borgward's "hands-on" insistence on an increasingly manic proliferation associated with new and modified designs featuring adventurous, but under-developed technological enhancements ("fast manisch[e] Konstruierwut") gave rise to components which all too often did not work, broke down or fell apart, resulting in massive expenses for pre-delivery remediation and/or article delivery warranty work that found their long ago to the company.The December 1960 Spiegel article hasn't been the only serious community criticism targeting Borgward right now: suddenly stridently negative (in case more succinct) comments also resulted in in the influential mass-market Bild classifieds and in television stories. Critical media commentaries likewise appeared concerning large loans towards the Borgward Group provided by the local Landesbank.It is apparent how the business was confronting cash-flow difficulties by the end of 1960. Capital intensive businesses including auto manufacturing use their expensive machines and tools most efficiently as long as they use them constantly in full capacity, but the car market in Europe inside 1950s/60s was more seasons than today, with sales diminishing with Winter, then peaking in the first summer months: Borgward’s inventory of unsold cars at the end of 1960 was greater than usual, reflecting ambitious growth strategies, most obviously in respect of the usa market[11] The December 1960 Spiegel article speculated that with the 15, 000 Borgward cars ordered by the North American dealers inside 1960 (and in the 12, 000 delivered to all of them) 6, 000 might have for being taken back following a slump in North american demand. (Borgward was not the only real European auto maker hit by way of North American slump in demand for imported cars through 1960. In the same year two ships carrying Renault Dauphines were turned back mid-Atlantic because the docks in Nyc were overcrowded with unsold Dauphines.
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By the end of December 1960 Borgward approached the lender for a further one million Marks of credit ratings, the loan to be backed with a guarantee from the Bremen local government which initially the Bremen senators decided provide. However, following the flood associated with critical press comment your senators withdrew their assurance. They now required Carl Borgward to pledge the business itself to the state in return for the guarantee. After a tense 13-hour meeting widely reported in a still hostile media, Borgward agreed to the particular senate’s terms on 4 February 1961, thereby averting the bankruptcy from the business.The Bremen Senate additionally insisted on appointing its very own nominee as chairman with the company’s supervisory board. The man they selected was Johannes Semler which reports generally describe as a “Wirtschaftsprüfer” (public auditor), though this designation, especially once translated in to English, does less than full justice towards the breadth of Semler’s job. He had studied rules at university and worked initially being a lawyer. The scion of a leading Hamburg political family, in 1945 he received himself been a founding member of the centre-right CSU celebration, and was a member of the Bundestag between 1950 and 1953. Despite his Hamburg beginning, Semler was by these times based in Munich, with a network of contacts inside Bavarian establishment that almost certainly included fellow CSU politician plus the future German chancellor, Ludwig Erhard, who in 1948 had succeeded Semler inside a top administrative position inside the Bizone. The appointment of Johannes Semler for the reason that representative of the Bremen senators in order to chair the Borgward supervisory board would, in retrospect, contribute to the hot debate that followed the Borgward bankruptcy.
The Borgward Isabella was the successor to the Borgward Hansa, and it
In 28 July 1961 Semler, as Chairman of your supervisory board joined the directors in the three companies Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd to instigate proceedings to the establishment of a “Vergleichsverfahren”, which would have provided for a court sanctioned scheme of arrangement enabling the company to continue to trade while concurrently protecting the interests connected with creditors. [16] Two months later, however, in September 1961, the Borgward and Goliath companies were declared bankrupt, followed in November by the Lloyd business. Subsequent “conspiracy theorists” include suggested that Semler, for reasons of his own, never had any intent of allowing the Borgward auto-businesses to help survive.
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