Borgward can be an automobile manufacturer originally started by Carl F. W. Borgward. The original company, based in Bremen with Germany, ceased operations in the particular 1960s. The Borgward group produced four brands of cars and trucks: Borgward, Hansa, Goliath and Lloyd.The marque has due to the fact been revived by Carl Borgward's grand son, Christian Borgward, together with his spouse Karlheinz L. Knöss, with assistance from Chinese investment, and unveiled the corporation's first new car with over 40 years, the BX7 at your 2015 International Motor Demonstrate.The origins of Bremen's most significant auto-business get back on 1905 with the place in nearby Varel of the "Hansa Automobilgesellschaft" and the inspiration in Bremen itself involving "Namag", maker of the Lloyd vehicle. These two businesses merged in 1914 to create the "Hansa-Lloyd-Werke A. G. ". After the war, in the troubled financial crisis then confronting Germany, the business failed to prosper and from the late 1920s faced bankruptcy. For Carl Borgward, already the successful creator in the Goliath-Blitzkarren business, the misfortunes of Hansa-Lloyd presented a possibility greatly to expand the actual scope of his automotive business, and he took control from it.
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The initial "automobile" Carl Borgward developed was the 1924 Blitzkarren (super cart), a sort of teeny three-wheeled van with 2 hp (1. 5 kW), which was an enormous success available in the market gap it filled. Traders with a small budget purchased for delivery. The Reichspost ordered most of them for postal service.In 1929, Borgward became the overseer of Hansa Lloyd AG having been able to merge his "Goliath-Werke Borgward & Corp. " with "Hansa-Lloyd. The small Goliath-Blitzkarren had nowadays evolved into the nonetheless three wheeler timber framed synthetic leather bodied 5 or perhaps 7 hp Goliath Leading. Borgward turned his care about the other businesses and also led the development on the Hansa Konsul. In February 1937, there came the new Hansa Borgward 2000 and in 1939 the label was shortened to Borgward 2000. The 2000 model was and then the Borgward 2300that stayed in production until 1942.After World War II, in 1946 Carl Borgward used some of the brand names from firms he had acquired over time to found three separate companies: Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd. This was intended to increase how much steel allocated to his business at any given time of austerity and rationing. For many purposes the firms would be run like a single entity, but in a business operated by way of man to whom delegation would not come naturally the proliferation of legal entities however added unhelpful layers of complexity through the 1950s and encouraged a broadening of the range which ultimately proved financially unsustainable with all the sales volumes achievable. In 1949 company displayed the Borgward Hansa 1500.One of many top engineers at Borgward via 1938-1952 was Dipl. Ing. Hubert M. Meingast.Production of the Borgward Isabella commenced in 1954. The Isabella would become Borgward's most popular model and remained in production for your life of the business. In 1960 the Borgward P100 has been introduced, equipped with pneumatic suspension.Borgward introduced a line of 1500 cc sports racers from the late 1950s, with the 16-valve engine from these becoming a successful Formula Two power unit (that was also used by a few F1 privateers in 1961).Although Borgward pioneered technical novelties within the German market such seeing that air suspension and automatic transmission, the company had trouble competing available on the market. While larger companies such as Opel and VW took selling point of economies of scale and kept their prices low to find market share, Borgward's cost structure was even beyond necessary for its sizing, as it basically run as four tiny independent companies and not implemented such basic charge reduction strategies as joint development and parts sharing between your company's makes. Borgward suffered quality problems also. The Lloyd Arabella was technically advanced to be a water-cooled boxer with the front wheel drive, but plagued with problems for example water leakage and gearbox snags. Lloyd lost money on the car even though it was more expensive as compared to its direct competitors.In 1961, the company was required into liquidation by loan companies. Carl Borgward died with July 1963, still insisting the company was technically solvent. This proved to be true in the sense that after the particular creditors were paid fully, there was still four. 5 million Marks left over from the business.
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Studies of difficulties at Borgward surfaced within an article that appeared within Germany's leading news mag, “Der Spiegel” on 18 December 1960”. The very long, detailed, and in places repetitive Spiegel article was highlighted by means of a picture of Borgward, cigar in mouth, on the magazine’s top cover. It was strongly critical of Carl Borgward's small business approach, and included many in the arguments later advanced to explain or justify the businesses demise. The widest range of cars from any supplier in Germany, produced by three until recently operationally autonomous organizations (Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd) seemed to be supporting a turnover regarding only 650 million Signifies, placing the overall sales value from your combined Borgward auto companies only in fifth position among Germany's auto-makers. The 70-year-old Carl Borgward's "hands-on" insistence with an increasingly manic proliferation regarding new and modified models featuring adventurous, but under-developed technological innovative developments ("fast manisch[e] Konstruierwut") presented rise to components which too often did not work, broke down or droped apart, resulting in massive bills for pre-delivery remediation and/or submit delivery warranty work that found their sources that are to the company.The December 1960 Spiegel article had not been the only serious community criticism targeting Borgward currently: suddenly stridently negative (in the event more succinct) comments also resulted in in the influential mass-market Bild newspaper and in television reports. Critical media commentaries in addition appeared concerning large loans towards Borgward Group provided with the local Landesbank.It is apparent that the business was confronting cash-flow difficulties right at the end of 1960. Capital intensive businesses for example auto manufacturing use their own expensive machines and tools most efficiently as long as they use them constantly on full capacity, but the car market in Europe inside 1950s/60s was more seasons than today, with sales diminishing within Winter, then peaking in early summer months: Borgward’s inventory of unsold cars at the conclusion of 1960 was higher than usual, reflecting ambitious growth strategies, most obviously in respect of the usa market[11] The December 1960 Spiegel article speculated that from the 15, 000 Borgward cars ordered from the North American dealers within 1960 (and in the 12, 000 delivered to these individuals) 6, 000 might have to be taken back following a slump in Us demand. (Borgward was not the sole European auto maker hit by way of a North American slump successful for imported cars throughout 1960. In the same yr two ships carrying Renault Dauphines were turned last mid-Atlantic because the docks in The big apple were overcrowded with unsold Dauphines.
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Right at the end of December 1960 Borgward approached the bank for a further a single million Marks of credit, the loan to be backed by way of a guarantee from the Bremen local government which initially the Bremen senators agreed to provide. However, following the flood involving critical press comment the actual senators withdrew their assure. They now required Carl Borgward to pledge the organization itself to the state in return for the guarantee. After a tense 13-hour meeting widely reported inside a still hostile media, Borgward agreed to your senate’s terms on four February 1961, thereby averting the bankruptcy in the business.The Bremen Senate in addition insisted on appointing its own nominee as chairman with the company’s supervisory board. The man they decided to go with was Johannes Semler with whom reports generally describe like a “Wirtschaftsprüfer” (public auditor), though this designation, especially once translated into English, does less than full justice on the breadth of Semler’s occupation. He had studied rules at university and worked initially to be a lawyer. The scion of a top Hamburg political family, in 1945 he had himself been a founding person in the centre-right CSU bash, and was a person in the Bundestag between 1950 and 1953. Despite his Hamburg origins, Semler was by this time around based in Munich, with a network of contacts from the Bavarian establishment that probably included fellow CSU politician as well as the future German chancellor, Ludwig Erhard, who in 1948 had succeeded Semler in a top administrative position in the Bizone. The appointment of Johannes Semler because the representative of the Bremen senators in order to chair the Borgward supervisory board would, in retrospect, contribute to the dispute that followed the Borgward personal bankruptcy.
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On 28 July 1961 Semler, as Chairman of the actual supervisory board joined the directors from the three companies Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd to instigate proceedings for that establishment of a “Vergleichsverfahren”, which would have provided to get a court sanctioned scheme of arrangement enabling the organization to continue to trade while concurrently protecting the interests associated with creditors. [16] Two months in the future, however, in September 1961, the Borgward and Goliath corporations were declared bankrupt, followed in November from the Lloyd business. Subsequent “conspiracy theorists” have got suggested that Semler, for reasons of her own, never had any purpose of allowing the Borgward auto-businesses in order to survive.
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