Borgward can be an automobile manufacturer originally created by Carl F. W. Borgward. The original company, based in Bremen inside Germany, ceased operations in the particular 1960s. The Borgward group made four brands of autos: Borgward, Hansa, Goliath and Lloyd.The marque has given that been revived by Carl Borgward's grandson, Christian Borgward, together with his associate Karlheinz L. Knöss, with assistance from China investment, and unveiled the firm's first new car with over 40 years, the BX7 at your 2015 International Motor Show.The origins of Bremen's most significant auto-business go back to 1905 with the place in nearby Varel on the "Hansa Automobilgesellschaft" and the muse in Bremen itself associated with "Namag", maker of the Lloyd car or truck. These two businesses merged in 1914 to create the "Hansa-Lloyd-Werke A. G. ". After the war, in the troubled financial crisis then confronting Germany, the business failed to prosper and by the late 1920s faced individual bankruptcy. For Carl Borgward, already the successful creator with the Goliath-Blitzkarren business, the misfortunes of Hansa-Lloyd presented a possibility greatly to expand the particular scope of his auto business, and he took control than it.
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The primary "automobile" Carl Borgward intended was the 1924 Blitzkarren (lightning cart), a sort of little three-wheeled van with 3 hp (1. 5 kW), which was an enormous success on the market gap it filled. Traders with a small budget purchased for delivery. The Reichspost ordered quite a few for postal service.In 1929, Borgward became the home of Hansa Lloyd AG having gotten to merge his "Goliath-Werke Borgward & Company. " with "Hansa-Lloyd. The small Goliath-Blitzkarren had by now evolved into the nevertheless three wheeler timber framed synthetic leather bodied 5 or maybe 7 hp Goliath Master. Borgward turned his care about the other businesses in addition to led the development from the Hansa Konsul. In February 1937, there came the completely new Hansa Borgward 2000 along with in 1939 the title was shortened to Borgward 2000. The 2000 model was and then the Borgward 2300that continued in production until 1942.After World War II, in 1946 Carl Borgward used some of the brand names from companies he had acquired through the years to found three different companies: Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd. This was intended to increase how much steel allocated to his business each time of austerity and rationing. For many purposes the businesses would be run like a single entity, but in a business operated by a man to whom delegation wouldn't come naturally the spreading of legal entities even so added unhelpful layers of complexity through the 1950s and encouraged a broadening with the range which ultimately proved financially unsustainable with the sales volumes achievable. In 1949 company displayed the Borgward Hansa 1500.On the list of top engineers at Borgward from 1938-1952 was Dipl. Ing. Hubert M. Meingast.Production of the Borgward Isabella begun in 1954. The Isabella would become Borgward's hottest model and remained in production with the life of the corporation. In 1960 the Borgward P100 has been introduced, equipped with pneumatic suspension.Borgward introduced a distinctive line of 1500 cc sports racers inside late 1950s, with the 16-valve engine from these to become successful Formula Two power unit (that is also used by several F1 privateers in 1961).Although Borgward pioneered technical novelties in the German market such because air suspension and intelligent transmission, the company had trouble competing available on the market. While larger companies just like Opel and VW took selling point of economies of scale and kept their prices low to get market share, Borgward's cost structure was even higher than necessary for its measurement, as it basically operated as four tiny independent companies rather than implemented such basic expense reduction strategies as combined development and parts sharing between the company's makes. Borgward suffered quality problems at the same time. The Lloyd Arabella was technically advanced as a water-cooled boxer with front wheel drive, but plagued with problems such as water leakage and gearbox errors. Lloyd lost money on the car community . was more expensive in comparison with its direct competitors.In 1961, the company was pushed into liquidation by creditors. Carl Borgward died throughout July 1963, still insisting the company had been technically solvent. This proved to be true within the sense that after the particular creditors were paid completely, there was still 4. 5 million Marks left from the business.
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Reports of difficulties at Borgward surfaced in the article that appeared throughout Germany's leading news mag, “Der Spiegel” on 15 December 1960”. The very long, detailed, and in places recurring Spiegel article was highlighted by way of a picture of Borgward, cigar in mouth, on the magazine’s entrance cover. It was strongly vital of Carl Borgward's business approach, and included many of the arguments later advanced to spellout or justify the corporation's demise. The widest range connected with cars from any manufacturer in Germany, produced by three until finally recently operationally autonomous companies (Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd) has been supporting a turnover connected with only 650 million Grades, placing the overall sales value through the combined Borgward auto businesses only in fifth position among Germany's auto-makers. The 70-year-old Carl Borgward's "hands-on" insistence with an increasingly manic proliferation of new and modified designs featuring adventurous, but under-developed technological inventions ("fast manisch[e] Konstruierwut") presented rise to components which too much did not work, broke down or fell into apart, resulting in massive costs for pre-delivery remediation and/or submit delivery warranty work that found their in the past to the company.The December 1960 Spiegel article has not been the only serious community criticism targeting Borgward presently: suddenly stridently negative (when more succinct) comments also resulted in in the influential mass-market Bild paper and in television accounts. Critical media commentaries furthermore appeared concerning large loans for the Borgward Group provided through the local Landesbank.It is apparent the business was confronting cash-flow difficulties towards the end of 1960. Capital intensive businesses for instance auto manufacturing use their own expensive machines and tools most efficiently whenever they use them constantly at full capacity, but the car market in Europe in the 1950s/60s was more seasonal than today, with sales diminishing throughout Winter, then peaking in the first summer months: Borgward’s inventory of unsold cars right at the end of 1960 was above usual, reflecting ambitious growth plans, most obviously in respect of north america market[11] The December 1960 Spiegel article speculated that with the 15, 000 Borgward cars ordered because of the North American dealers within 1960 (and in the 12, 000 delivered to these individuals) 6, 000 might have to become taken back following a slump in American demand. (Borgward was not the sole European auto maker hit with a North American slump successful for imported cars while in 1960. In the same yr two ships carrying Renault Dauphines were turned back in mid-Atlantic because the docks in The big apple were overcrowded with unsold Dauphines.
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Right at the end of December 1960 Borgward approached the bank for a further just one million Marks of credit, the loan to be backed by way of a guarantee from the Bremen local government which initially the Bremen senators opted for provide. However, following the flood associated with critical press comment the senators withdrew their guarantee. They now required Carl Borgward to pledge the organization itself to the state in substitution for the guarantee. After a tense 13-hour meeting widely reported in the still hostile media, Borgward agreed to this senate’s terms on 4 February 1961, thereby averting the bankruptcy of the business.The Bremen Senate in addition insisted on appointing its nominee as chairman of the company’s supervisory board. The man they selected was Johannes Semler to whom reports generally describe as a “Wirtschaftsprüfer” (public auditor), though this designation, especially once translated into English, does less than full justice towards the breadth of Semler’s occupation. He had studied law at university and worked initially as being a lawyer. The scion of a leading Hamburg political family, in 1945 he received himself been a founding member of the centre-right CSU celebration, and was a member of the Bundestag between 1950 in addition to 1953. Despite his Hamburg origins, Semler was by now based in Munich, with a network of contacts from the Bavarian establishment that probably included fellow CSU politician along with the future German chancellor, Ludwig Erhard, who in 1948 had succeeded Semler inside a top administrative position inside the Bizone. The appointment of Johannes Semler for the reason that representative of the Bremen senators for you to chair the Borgward supervisory table would, in retrospect, contribute to the conflict that followed the Borgward individual bankruptcy.
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On 28 July 1961 Semler, as Chairman of this supervisory board joined the directors on the three companies Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd to instigate proceedings for that establishment of a “Vergleichsverfahren”, which would have provided for a court sanctioned scheme of arrangement enabling this company to continue to trade while concurrently protecting the interests involving creditors. [16] Two months later, however, in September 1961, the Borgward and Goliath corporations were declared bankrupt, followed in November with the Lloyd business. Subsequent “conspiracy theorists” include suggested that Semler, for reasons of his own, never had any objective of allowing the Borgward auto-businesses in order to survive.
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