Borgward is surely an automobile manufacturer originally created by Carl F. W. Borgward. The original company, based in Bremen with Germany, ceased operations in the actual 1960s. The Borgward group produced four brands of vehicles: Borgward, Hansa, Goliath and Lloyd.The marque has given that been revived by Carl Borgward's grand son, Christian Borgward, together with his companion Karlheinz L. Knöss, with assistance from China investment, and unveiled the businesses first new car within over 40 years, the BX7 at the particular 2015 International Motor Indicate.The origins of Bremen's most significant auto-business go back to 1905 with the place in nearby Varel of the "Hansa Automobilgesellschaft" and the inspiration in Bremen itself of "Namag", maker of the Lloyd car. These two businesses merged in 1914 to the "Hansa-Lloyd-Werke A. G. ". After the war, in the troubled economic situation then confronting Germany, the business failed to prosper and with the late 1920s faced a bankruptcy proceeding. For Carl Borgward, already the successful creator on the Goliath-Blitzkarren business, the misfortunes of Hansa-Lloyd presented the possibility greatly to expand your scope of his automotive business, and he took control of it.
The first "automobile" Carl Borgward created was the 1924 Blitzkarren (lightning cart), a sort of teeny three-wheeled van with a couple of hp (1. 5 kW), which was an enormous success out there gap it filled. Traders with a small budget bought it for delivery. The Reichspost ordered most of them for postal service.In 1929, Borgward became the director of Hansa Lloyd AG having gotten to merge his "Goliath-Werke Borgward & Co. " with "Hansa-Lloyd. The small Goliath-Blitzkarren had right now evolved into the nonetheless three wheeler timber presented synthetic leather bodied 5 as well as 7 hp Goliath Leader. Borgward turned his awareness of the other businesses and led the development with the Hansa Konsul. In February 1937, there came the brand new Hansa Borgward 2000 and in 1939 the title was shortened to Borgward 2000. The 2000 model was accompanied by the Borgward 2300that stayed in production until 1942.After World War II, in 1946 Carl Borgward used a number of the brand names from firms he had acquired in recent times to found three different companies: Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd. This was intended to increase how much steel allocated to his business at the same time of austerity and rationing. For many purposes the firms would be run like a single entity, but in a business operated by way of a man to whom delegation did not come naturally the expansion of legal entities nevertheless added unhelpful layers of complexity with the 1950s and encouraged a broadening on the range which eventually proved financially unsustainable with the sales volumes achievable. In 1949 company displayed the Borgward Hansa 1500.Among the top engineers at Borgward from 1938-1952 was Dipl. Ing. Hubert M. Meingast.Production of the Borgward Isabella started in 1954. The Isabella would become Borgward's most popular model and remained in production for that life of the business. In 1960 the Borgward P100 had been introduced, equipped with pneumatic suspension.Borgward introduced a distinct 1500 cc sports racers from the late 1950s, with the 16-valve engine from these becoming a successful Formula Two power unit (that has been also used by a number of F1 privateers in 1961).Although Borgward pioneered technical novelties inside German market such as air suspension and programmed transmission, the company had trouble competing in the marketplace. While larger companies including Opel and VW took benefit of economies of scale and also kept their prices low to realize market share, Borgward's cost structure was even above necessary for its dimensions, as it basically controlled as four tiny independent companies and don't implemented such basic charge reduction strategies as mutual development and parts sharing between company's makes. Borgward suffered quality problems at the same time. The Lloyd Arabella was technically advanced being a water-cooled boxer with the front wheel drive, but plagued with problems for example water leakage and gearbox mistakes. Lloyd lost money on the car though it was more expensive compared to its direct competitors.In 1961, the company was forced into liquidation by creditors. Carl Borgward died throughout July 1963, still insisting the company have been technically solvent. This proved to be true inside sense that after this creditors were paid 100 %, there was still some. 5 million Marks left over from the business.
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Reviews of difficulties at Borgward surfaced in a article that appeared throughout Germany's leading news journal, “Der Spiegel” on 15 December 1960”. The very long, detailed, and in places repetitive Spiegel article was highlighted by using a picture of Borgward, cigar in mouth, on the magazine’s top cover. It was strongly essential of Carl Borgward's organization approach, and included many on the arguments later advanced to spellout or justify the corporation's demise. The widest range regarding cars from any company in Germany, produced by three till recently operationally autonomous companies (Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd) has been supporting a turnover connected with only 650 million Grades, placing the overall sales value through the combined Borgward auto organizations only in fifth location among Germany's auto-makers. The 70-year-old Carl Borgward's "hands-on" insistence by using an increasingly manic proliferation connected with new and modified products featuring adventurous, but under-developed technological inventions ("fast manisch[e] Konstruierwut") offered rise to components which too often did not work, broke down or droped apart, resulting in massive payments for pre-delivery remediation and/or post delivery warranty work that found their made use of to the company.The December 1960 Spiegel article was not the only serious general public criticism targeting Borgward at this time: suddenly stridently negative (in the event that more succinct) comments also turned up in the influential mass-market Bild newspaper and in television stories. Critical media commentaries likewise appeared concerning large loans for the Borgward Group provided through the local Landesbank.It is apparent that the business was confronting cash-flow difficulties at the end of 1960. Capital intensive businesses such as auto manufacturing use the expensive machines and tools most efficiently should they use them constantly in full capacity, but the car market in Europe in the 1950s/60s was more in season than today, with sales diminishing with Winter, then peaking in their early summer months: Borgward’s inventory of unsold cars at the end of 1960 was higher than usual, reflecting ambitious growth programs, most obviously in respect of north america market[11] The December 1960 Spiegel article speculated that with the 15, 000 Borgward cars ordered because of the North American dealers within 1960 (and in the 12, 000 delivered to these people) 6, 000 might have being taken back following a slump in United states demand. (Borgward was not the only European auto maker hit by way of a North American slump sought after for imported cars in the course of 1960. In the same season two ships carrying Renault Dauphines were turned in mid-Atlantic because the docks in The big apple were overcrowded with unsold Dauphines.
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Right at the end of December 1960 Borgward approached the lender for a further one particular million Marks of credit, the loan to be backed by a guarantee from the Bremen regional government which initially the Bremen senators opted for provide. However, following the flood connected with critical press comment the actual senators withdrew their assure. They now required Carl Borgward to pledge the corporation itself to the state in substitution for the guarantee. After a tense 13-hour meeting widely reported in the still hostile media, Borgward agreed to the particular senate’s terms on some February 1961, thereby averting the bankruptcy with the business.The Bremen Senate also insisted on appointing its nominee as chairman of the company’s supervisory board. The man they decided was Johannes Semler who reports generally describe as a “Wirtschaftsprüfer” (public auditor), though this designation, especially once translated straight into English, does less than full justice to the breadth of Semler’s profession. He had studied rules at university and worked initially as being a lawyer. The scion of a leading Hamburg political family, in 1945 he acquired himself been a founding member of the centre-right CSU get together, and was a person in the Bundestag between 1950 and 1953. Despite his Hamburg roots, Semler was by this time based in Munich, with a network of contacts inside Bavarian establishment that probably included fellow CSU politician and also the future German chancellor, Ludwig Erhard, who in 1948 had succeeded Semler in a top administrative position in the Bizone. The appointment of Johannes Semler because representative of the Bremen senators in order to chair the Borgward supervisory aboard would, in retrospect, contribute to the controversy that followed the Borgward personal bankruptcy.
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In 28 July 1961 Semler, as Chairman of your supervisory board joined the directors of the three companies Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd to instigate proceedings for your establishment of a “Vergleichsverfahren”, which would have provided for a court sanctioned scheme of arrangement enabling the organization to continue to trade while at the same time protecting the interests of creditors. [16] Two months later on, however, in September 1961, the Borgward and Goliath organizations were declared bankrupt, followed in November because of the Lloyd business. Subsequent “conspiracy theorists” have suggested that Semler, for reasons of her own, never had any objective of allowing the Borgward auto-businesses to be able to survive.
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