Borgward is an automobile manufacturer originally created by Carl F. W. Borgward. The original company, based in Bremen throughout Germany, ceased operations in the 1960s. The Borgward group developed four brands of autos: Borgward, Hansa, Goliath and Lloyd.The marque has because been revived by Carl Borgward's son, Christian Borgward, together with his spouse Karlheinz L. Knöss, with assistance from Oriental investment, and unveiled the business's first new car throughout over 40 years, the BX7 at the actual 2015 International Motor Demonstrate.The origins of Bremen's most significant auto-business go back to 1905 with the organization in nearby Varel of the "Hansa Automobilgesellschaft" and the muse in Bremen itself of "Namag", maker of the Lloyd auto. These two businesses merged in 1914 to form the "Hansa-Lloyd-Werke A. G. ". After the war, in the troubled financial situation then confronting Germany, the business failed to prosper and through the late 1920s faced chapter 7. For Carl Borgward, already the successful creator from the Goliath-Blitzkarren business, the misfortunes of Hansa-Lloyd presented the opportunity greatly to expand the particular scope of his vehicle business, and he took control from it.
The very first "automobile" Carl Borgward developed was the 1924 Blitzkarren (super cart), a sort of teeny three-wheeled van with 2 hp (1. 5 kW), which was an enormous success out there gap it filled. Traders with a small budget bought for delivery. The Reichspost ordered quite a few for postal service.In 1929, Borgward became the representative of Hansa Lloyd AG having had the opportunity to merge his "Goliath-Werke Borgward & Corp. " with "Hansa-Lloyd. The small Goliath-Blitzkarren had can't evolved into the still three wheeler timber framed synthetic leather bodied 5 or even 7 hp Goliath Founder. Borgward turned his awareness of the other businesses in addition to led the development of the Hansa Konsul. In February 1937, there came the completely new Hansa Borgward 2000 as well as in 1939 the name was shortened to Borgward 2000. The 2000 model was and then the Borgward 2300that continued in production until 1942.After World War II, in 1946 Carl Borgward used many of the brand names from companies he had acquired over the years to found three different companies: Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd. This was intended to increase how much steel allocated to his business at any given time of austerity and rationing. For many purposes the businesses would be run to be a single entity, but in a business operated by way of a man to whom delegation would not come naturally the spreading of legal entities nevertheless added unhelpful layers of complexity with the 1950s and encouraged a broadening from the range which in the long run proved financially unsustainable while using sales volumes achievable. In 1949 company introduced the Borgward Hansa 1500.One of the top engineers at Borgward via 1938-1952 was Dipl. Ing. Hubert M. Meingast.Production of the Borgward Isabella commenced in 1954. The Isabella would become Borgward's most popular model and remained in production to the life of the company. In 1960 the Borgward P100 ended up being introduced, equipped with pneumatic suspension.Borgward introduced a distinctive line of 1500 cc sports racers within the late 1950s, with the 16-valve engine from these to become successful Formula Two power unit (that is also used by a few F1 privateers in 1961).Although Borgward pioneered technical novelties in the German market such since air suspension and automatic transmission, the company had trouble competing in the marketplace. While larger companies including Opel and VW took benefit from economies of scale and also kept their prices low to get market share, Borgward's cost structure was even above necessary for its dimension, as it basically operated as four tiny independent companies rather than implemented such basic charge reduction strategies as articulation development and parts sharing between company's makes. Borgward suffered quality problems as well. The Lloyd Arabella was technically advanced as a water-cooled boxer with entry wheel drive, but plagued with problems like water leakage and gearbox snags. Lloyd lost money on the car just about the most was more expensive in comparison with its direct competitors.In 1961, the company was pressured into liquidation by collectors. Carl Borgward died inside July 1963, still insisting the company were being technically solvent. This proved to be true inside the sense that after the particular creditors were paid fully, there was still some. 5 million Marks left from the business.
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Reviews of difficulties at Borgward surfaced in an article that appeared within Germany's leading news mag, “Der Spiegel” on 18 December 1960”. The very long, detailed, and in places similar Spiegel article was highlighted with a picture of Borgward, cigar in mouth, on the magazine’s top cover. It was strongly vital of Carl Borgward's enterprise approach, and included many with the arguments later advanced to go into detail or justify the corporation's demise. The widest range associated with cars from any supplier in Germany, produced by three until finally recently operationally autonomous corporations (Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd) had been supporting a turnover involving only 650 million Scars, placing the overall sales value in the combined Borgward auto organizations only in fifth position among Germany's auto-makers. The 70-year-old Carl Borgward's "hands-on" insistence when using increasingly manic proliferation associated with new and modified designs featuring adventurous, but under-developed technological innovations ("fast manisch[e] Konstruierwut") afforded rise to components which all too often did not work, broke down or fell apart, resulting in massive payments for pre-delivery remediation and/or article delivery warranty work that found their sources that are to the company.The December 1960 Spiegel article hasn't been the only serious open criticism targeting Borgward at the moment: suddenly stridently negative (if more succinct) comments also resulted in in the influential mass-market Bild classifieds and in television studies. Critical media commentaries also appeared concerning large loans on the Borgward Group provided because of the local Landesbank.It is apparent that the business was confronting cash-flow difficulties at the end of 1960. Capital intensive businesses including auto manufacturing use their expensive machines and tools most efficiently as long as they use them constantly with full capacity, but the car market in Europe in the 1950s/60s was more periodic than today, with sales diminishing in Winter, then peaking in early summer months: Borgward’s inventory of unsold cars at the conclusion of 1960 was above usual, reflecting ambitious growth plans, most obviously in respect of the usa market[11] The December 1960 Spiegel article speculated that on the 15, 000 Borgward cars ordered because of the North American dealers within 1960 (and with the 12, 000 delivered to them) 6, 000 might have to be taken back following a slump in North american demand. (Borgward was not really the only European auto maker hit with a North American slump successful for imported cars during 1960. In the same 12 months two ships carrying Renault Dauphines were turned last mid-Atlantic because the docks in Nyc were overcrowded with unsold Dauphines.
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At the conclusion of December 1960 Borgward approached the financial institution for a further a single million Marks of credit history, the loan to be backed by a guarantee from the Bremen local government which initially the Bremen senators decided to provide. However, following the flood associated with critical press comment the actual senators withdrew their guarantee. They now required Carl Borgward to pledge the organization itself to the state in return for the guarantee. After a tense 13-hour meeting widely reported in a still hostile media, Borgward agreed to the particular senate’s terms on some February 1961, thereby averting the bankruptcy in the business.The Bremen Senate likewise insisted on appointing its own nominee as chairman in the company’s supervisory board. The man they chose was Johannes Semler whom reports generally describe like a “Wirtschaftsprüfer” (public auditor), though this designation, especially once translated in to English, does less than full justice towards the breadth of Semler’s job. He had studied law at university and worked initially as being a lawyer. The scion of a respected Hamburg political family, in 1945 he experienced himself been a founding person in the centre-right CSU gathering, and was a member of the Bundestag between 1950 in addition to 1953. Despite his Hamburg beginning, Semler was by these times based in Munich, with a network of contacts in the Bavarian establishment that most likely included fellow CSU politician and also the future German chancellor, Ludwig Erhard, who in 1948 had succeeded Semler in the top administrative position within the Bizone. The appointment of Johannes Semler as the representative of the Bremen senators for you to chair the Borgward supervisory aboard would, in retrospect, contribute to the controversy that followed the Borgward personal bankruptcy.
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Upon 28 July 1961 Semler, as Chairman of the particular supervisory board joined the directors on the three companies Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd to instigate proceedings for the establishment of a “Vergleichsverfahren”, which would have provided for a court sanctioned scheme of arrangement enabling the business to continue to trade while concurrently protecting the interests regarding creditors. [16] Two months afterwards, however, in September 1961, the Borgward and Goliath businesses were declared bankrupt, followed in November because of the Lloyd business. Subsequent “conspiracy theorists” have got suggested that Semler, for reasons of her own, never had any intent of allowing the Borgward auto-businesses for you to survive.
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