Borgward is an automobile manufacturer originally set up by Carl F. W. Borgward. The original company, based in Bremen throughout Germany, ceased operations in your 1960s. The Borgward group generated four brands of cars: Borgward, Hansa, Goliath and Lloyd.The marque has since been revived by Carl Borgward's grand son, Christian Borgward, together with his lover Karlheinz L. Knöss, with assistance from Chinese language investment, and unveiled the company's first new car within over 40 years, the BX7 at the particular 2015 International Motor Display.The origins of Bremen's most significant auto-business return to 1905 with the establishment in nearby Varel of the "Hansa Automobilgesellschaft" and the muse in Bremen itself of "Namag", maker of the Lloyd vehicle. These two businesses merged in 1914 to make the "Hansa-Lloyd-Werke A. G. ". After the war, in the troubled economic situation then confronting Germany, the business failed to prosper and by the late 1920s faced chapter 7. For Carl Borgward, already the successful creator in the Goliath-Blitzkarren business, the misfortunes of Hansa-Lloyd presented an opportunity greatly to expand the particular scope of his auto business, and he took control than it.
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The initial "automobile" Carl Borgward made was the 1924 Blitzkarren (lightning cart), a sort of teeny three-wheeled van with two hp (1. 5 kW), which was an enormous success available in the market gap it filled. Traders with a small budget purchased for delivery. The Reichspost ordered many of them for postal service.In 1929, Borgward became the movie director of Hansa Lloyd AG having been able to merge his "Goliath-Werke Borgward & Co. " with "Hansa-Lloyd. The small Goliath-Blitzkarren had right now evolved into the still three wheeler timber presented synthetic leather bodied 5 or 7 hp Goliath Master. Borgward turned his focus on the other businesses as well as led the development from the Hansa Konsul. In February 1937, there came the brand-new Hansa Borgward 2000 as well as in 1939 the brand was shortened to Borgward 2000. The 2000 model was followed by the Borgward 2300that remained in production until 1942.After World War II, in 1946 Carl Borgward used a number of the brand names from companies he had acquired in recent times to found three different companies: Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd. This was intended to increase how much steel allocated to his business at a time of austerity and rationing. For many purposes the companies would be run as being a single entity, but in a business operated with a man to whom delegation failed to come naturally the expansion of legal entities nonetheless added unhelpful layers of complexity throughout the 1950s and encouraged a broadening in the range which finally proved financially unsustainable while using sales volumes achievable. In 1949 company displayed the Borgward Hansa 1500.One of several top engineers at Borgward by 1938-1952 was Dipl. Ing. Hubert M. Meingast.Production of the Borgward Isabella commenced in 1954. The Isabella would become Borgward's most in-demand model and remained in production with the life of the business. In 1960 the Borgward P100 has been introduced, equipped with pneumatic suspension.Borgward introduced a type of 1500 cc sports racers in the late 1950s, with the 16-valve engine from these learning to be a successful Formula Two power unit (which was also used by some F1 privateers in 1961).Although Borgward pioneered technical novelties inside the German market such as air suspension and programmed transmission, the company had trouble competing in the marketplace. While larger companies similar to Opel and VW took good thing about economies of scale along with kept their prices low to find market share, Borgward's cost structure was even above necessary for its size, as it basically controlled as four tiny independent companies and don't implemented such basic price tag reduction strategies as joint development and parts sharing involving the company's makes. Borgward suffered quality problems also. The Lloyd Arabella was technically advanced being a water-cooled boxer with top wheel drive, but plagued with problems like water leakage and gearbox glitches. Lloyd lost money on the car just about the most was more expensive than its direct competitors.In 1961, the company was pushed into liquidation by loan companies. Carl Borgward died inside July 1963, still insisting the company ended up technically solvent. This proved to be true inside the sense that after your creditors were paid in full, there was still 5. 5 million Marks left over from the business.
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Stories of difficulties at Borgward surfaced within an article that appeared throughout Germany's leading news publication, “Der Spiegel” on age 14 December 1960”. The very long, detailed, and in places repeating Spiegel article was highlighted with a picture of Borgward, cigar in mouth, on the magazine’s top cover. It was strongly critical of Carl Borgward's enterprise approach, and included many on the arguments later advanced to go into detail or justify the businesses demise. The widest range regarding cars from any maker in Germany, produced by three till recently operationally autonomous organizations (Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd) has been supporting a turnover connected with only 650 million Signifies, placing the overall sales value in the combined Borgward auto organizations only in fifth location among Germany's auto-makers. The 70-year-old Carl Borgward's "hands-on" insistence with an increasingly manic proliferation of new and modified designs featuring adventurous, but under-developed technological enhancements ("fast manisch[e] Konstruierwut") presented rise to components which excessively did not work, broke down or fell into apart, resulting in massive bills for pre-delivery remediation and/or submit delivery warranty work that found their sources that are to the company.The December 1960 Spiegel article has not been the only serious general public criticism targeting Borgward right now: suddenly stridently negative (in case more succinct) comments also resulted in in the influential mass-market Bild classifieds and in television reports. Critical media commentaries likewise appeared concerning large loans on the Borgward Group provided from the local Landesbank.It is apparent that this business was confronting cash-flow difficulties at the end of 1960. Capital intensive businesses including auto manufacturing use his or her expensive machines and tools most efficiently if they use them constantly at full capacity, but the car market in Europe within the 1950s/60s was more in season than today, with sales diminishing inside Winter, then peaking in their early summer months: Borgward’s inventory of unsold cars by the end of 1960 was higher than usual, reflecting ambitious growth ideas, most obviously in respect of america market[11] The December 1960 Spiegel article speculated that in the 15, 000 Borgward cars ordered because of the North American dealers throughout 1960 (and on the 12, 000 delivered to them) 6, 000 might have being taken back following a slump in Us demand. (Borgward was not really the only European auto maker hit by a North American slump sought after for imported cars while in 1960. In the same year two ships carrying Renault Dauphines were turned in mid-Atlantic because the docks in Big apple were overcrowded with unsold Dauphines.
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Towards the end of December 1960 Borgward approached the financial institution for a further 1 million Marks of credit score, the loan to be backed by the guarantee from the Bremen regional government which initially the Bremen senators consented to provide. However, following the flood connected with critical press comment the actual senators withdrew their promise. They now required Carl Borgward to pledge the organization itself to the state in return for the guarantee. After a tense 13-hour meeting widely reported in a still hostile media, Borgward agreed to the senate’s terms on four February 1961, thereby averting the bankruptcy from the business.The Bremen Senate also insisted on appointing its nominee as chairman from the company’s supervisory board. The man they decided was Johannes Semler to whom reports generally describe being a “Wirtschaftsprüfer” (public auditor), though this designation, especially once translated in English, does less than full justice towards the breadth of Semler’s job. He had studied legislation at university and worked initially as a lawyer. The scion of a respected Hamburg political family, in 1945 he received himself been a founding member of the centre-right CSU bash, and was a person in the Bundestag between 1950 along with 1953. Despite his Hamburg beginnings, Semler was by this time based in Munich, with a network of contacts inside the Bavarian establishment that probably included fellow CSU politician plus the future German chancellor, Ludwig Erhard, who in 1948 had succeeded Semler in a very top administrative position inside the Bizone. The appointment of Johannes Semler as the representative of the Bremen senators to help chair the Borgward supervisory board would, in retrospect, contribute to the hot debate that followed the Borgward individual bankruptcy.
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About 28 July 1961 Semler, as Chairman of the particular supervisory board joined the directors in the three companies Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd to instigate proceedings to the establishment of a “Vergleichsverfahren”, which would have provided to get a court sanctioned scheme of arrangement enabling the company to continue to trade while at the same time protecting the interests regarding creditors. [16] Two months later on, however, in September 1961, the Borgward and Goliath companies were declared bankrupt, followed in November with the Lloyd business. Subsequent “conspiracy theorists” have suggested that Semler, for reasons of their own, never had any objective of allowing the Borgward auto-businesses to help survive.
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