Borgward is surely an automobile manufacturer originally founded by Carl F. W. Borgward. The original company, based in Bremen inside Germany, ceased operations in your 1960s. The Borgward group produced four brands of cars and trucks: Borgward, Hansa, Goliath and Lloyd.The marque has given that been revived by Carl Borgward's grand son, Christian Borgward, together with his spouse Karlheinz L. Knöss, with assistance from Chinese language investment, and unveiled the business's first new car in over 40 years, the BX7 at the particular 2015 International Motor Present.The origins of Bremen's most significant auto-business resume 1905 with the organization in nearby Varel of the "Hansa Automobilgesellschaft" and the walls in Bremen itself involving "Namag", maker of the Lloyd vehicle. These two businesses merged in 1914 to make the "Hansa-Lloyd-Werke A. G. ". After the war, in the troubled economic situation then confronting Germany, the business failed to prosper and with the late 1920s faced a bankruptcy proceeding. For Carl Borgward, already the successful creator of the Goliath-Blitzkarren business, the misfortunes of Hansa-Lloyd presented a chance greatly to expand your scope of his auto business, and he took control than it.
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The first "automobile" Carl Borgward created was the 1924 Blitzkarren (turbo cart), a sort of very small three-wheeled van with a couple of hp (1. 5 kW), which was an enormous success already in the market gap it filled. Traders with a small budget ordered for delivery. The Reichspost ordered quite a few for postal service.In 1929, Borgward became the movie director of Hansa Lloyd AG having had the opportunity to merge his "Goliath-Werke Borgward & Co. " with "Hansa-Lloyd. The small Goliath-Blitzkarren had nowadays evolved into the however three wheeler timber presented synthetic leather bodied 5 or maybe 7 hp Goliath Founder. Borgward turned his care about the other businesses and also led the development with the Hansa Konsul. In February 1937, there came the fresh Hansa Borgward 2000 along with in 1939 the title was shortened to Borgward 2000. The 2000 model was and then the Borgward 2300that always been in production until 1942.After World War II, in 1946 Carl Borgward used many of the brand names from corporations he had acquired over the years to found three different companies: Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd. This was intended to increase the quantity of steel allocated to his business during a period of austerity and rationing. For many purposes the lenders would be run as a single entity, but in a business operated by way of a man to whom delegation would not come naturally the proliferation of legal entities nevertheless added unhelpful layers of complexity over the 1950s and encouraged a broadening of the range which eventually proved financially unsustainable using the sales volumes achievable. In 1949 company shown the Borgward Hansa 1500.One of the top engineers at Borgward via 1938-1952 was Dipl. Ing. Hubert M. Meingast.Production of the Borgward Isabella began in 1954. The Isabella would become Borgward's most in-demand model and remained in production for your life of the corporation. In 1960 the Borgward P100 ended up being introduced, equipped with pneumatic suspension.Borgward introduced a distinct 1500 cc sports racers inside late 1950s, with the 16-valve engine from these becoming a successful Formula Two power unit (that is also used by some F1 privateers in 1961).Although Borgward pioneered technical novelties within the German market such since air suspension and intelligent transmission, the company had trouble competing available on the market. While larger companies including Opel and VW took benefit from economies of scale in addition to kept their prices low to realize market share, Borgward's cost structure was even above necessary for its dimensions, as it basically managed as four tiny independent companies and do not implemented such basic cost reduction strategies as mutual development and parts sharing involving the company's makes. Borgward suffered quality problems at the same time. The Lloyd Arabella was technically advanced as being a water-cooled boxer with entry wheel drive, but plagued with problems including water leakage and gearbox mistakes. Lloyd lost money on the car just about the most was more expensive when compared with its direct competitors.In 1961, the company was pushed into liquidation by creditors. Carl Borgward died with July 1963, still insisting the company had been technically solvent. This proved to be true within the sense that after the creditors were paid in full, there was still 5. 5 million Marks left over from the business.
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Reviews of difficulties at Borgward surfaced within an article that appeared in Germany's leading news mag, “Der Spiegel” on age 14 December 1960”. The very long, detailed, and in places repeated Spiegel article was highlighted by using a picture of Borgward, cigar in mouth, on the magazine’s the front cover. It was strongly important of Carl Borgward's small business approach, and included many on the arguments later advanced to spellout or justify the company's demise. The widest range associated with cars from any manufacturer in Germany, produced by three until eventually recently operationally autonomous organizations (Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd) ended up being supporting a turnover connected with only 650 million Scars, placing the overall sales value from your combined Borgward auto companies only in fifth placement among Germany's auto-makers. The 70-year-old Carl Borgward's "hands-on" insistence by using an increasingly manic proliferation regarding new and modified models featuring adventurous, but under-developed technological inventions ("fast manisch[e] Konstruierwut") afforded rise to components which many times did not work, broke down or dropped apart, resulting in massive costs for pre-delivery remediation and/or write-up delivery warranty work that found their made use of to the company.The December 1960 Spiegel article had not been the only serious community criticism targeting Borgward right now: suddenly stridently negative (if more succinct) comments also turned up in the influential mass-market Bild magazine and in television accounts. Critical media commentaries in addition appeared concerning large loans towards the Borgward Group provided because of the local Landesbank.It is apparent that this business was confronting cash-flow difficulties by the end of 1960. Capital intensive businesses for instance auto manufacturing use his or her expensive machines and tools most efficiently when they use them constantly with full capacity, but the car market in Europe inside 1950s/60s was more in season than today, with sales diminishing within Winter, then peaking in the early summer months: Borgward’s inventory of unsold cars at the end of 1960 was more than usual, reflecting ambitious growth plans, most obviously in respect of the usa market[11] The December 1960 Spiegel article speculated that from the 15, 000 Borgward cars ordered because of the North American dealers with 1960 (and on the 12, 000 delivered to them) 6, 000 might have being taken back following a slump in Us demand. (Borgward was not the sole European auto maker hit by way of North American slump widely used for imported cars in the course of 1960. In the same yr two ships carrying Renault Dauphines were turned last mid-Atlantic because the docks in Big apple were overcrowded with unsold Dauphines.
Borgward Goliath Hansa Cabriolet, Borgward Hansa Pickup, Lloyd
By the end of December 1960 Borgward approached your banker for a further just one million Marks of credit score, the loan to be backed by way of guarantee from the Bremen regional government which initially the Bremen senators opted for provide. However, following the flood regarding critical press comment this senators withdrew their guarantee. They now required Carl Borgward to pledge the corporation itself to the state in return for the guarantee. After a tense 13-hour meeting widely reported within a still hostile media, Borgward agreed to this senate’s terms on 4 February 1961, thereby averting the bankruptcy on the business.The Bremen Senate also insisted on appointing a unique nominee as chairman from the company’s supervisory board. The man they chose was Johannes Semler which reports generally describe as being a “Wirtschaftsprüfer” (public auditor), though this designation, especially once translated in English, does less than full justice for the breadth of Semler’s career. He had studied legislation at university and worked initially as a lawyer. The scion of a top Hamburg political family, in 1945 he got himself been a founding person in the centre-right CSU party, and was a member of the Bundestag between 1950 as well as 1953. Despite his Hamburg beginning, Semler was by now based in Munich, with a network of contacts inside Bavarian establishment that almost certainly included fellow CSU politician and the future German chancellor, Ludwig Erhard, who in 1948 had succeeded Semler in a top administrative position in the Bizone. The appointment of Johannes Semler because representative of the Bremen senators to be able to chair the Borgward supervisory panel would, in retrospect, contribute to the controversy that followed the Borgward personal bankruptcy.
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On 28 July 1961 Semler, as Chairman of the particular supervisory board joined the directors from the three companies Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd to instigate proceedings with the establishment of a “Vergleichsverfahren”, which would have provided for a court sanctioned scheme of arrangement enabling this company to continue to trade while concurrently protecting the interests associated with creditors. [16] Two months afterwards, however, in September 1961, the Borgward and Goliath companies were declared bankrupt, followed in November with the Lloyd business. Subsequent “conspiracy theorists” have got suggested that Semler, for reasons of his or her own, never had any intent of allowing the Borgward auto-businesses in order to survive.
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