Borgward can be an automobile manufacturer originally launched by Carl F. W. Borgward. The original company, based in Bremen in Germany, ceased operations in the 1960s. The Borgward group produced four brands of autos: Borgward, Hansa, Goliath and Lloyd.The marque has due to the fact been revived by Carl Borgward's son, Christian Borgward, together with his companion Karlheinz L. Knöss, with assistance from Far east investment, and unveiled the business's first new car inside over 40 years, the BX7 at the particular 2015 International Motor Indicate.The origins of Bremen's most significant auto-business return to 1905 with the place in nearby Varel with the "Hansa Automobilgesellschaft" and the muse in Bremen itself associated with "Namag", maker of the Lloyd automobile. These two businesses merged in 1914 to the "Hansa-Lloyd-Werke A. G. ". After the war, in the troubled financial status then confronting Germany, the business failed to prosper and from the late 1920s faced bankruptcy. For Carl Borgward, already the successful creator with the Goliath-Blitzkarren business, the misfortunes of Hansa-Lloyd presented a possibility greatly to expand the actual scope of his car business, and he took control from it.
The primary "automobile" Carl Borgward developed was the 1924 Blitzkarren (lightning cart), a sort of small three-wheeled van with two hp (1. 5 kW), which was an enormous success on the market gap it filled. Traders with a small budget got it for delivery. The Reichspost ordered quite a few for postal service.In 1929, Borgward became the movie director of Hansa Lloyd AG having had the oppertunity to merge his "Goliath-Werke Borgward & Corp. " with "Hansa-Lloyd. The small Goliath-Blitzkarren had by now evolved into the even now three wheeler timber presented synthetic leather bodied 5 as well as 7 hp Goliath Master. Borgward turned his awareness of the other businesses and also led the development in the Hansa Konsul. In February 1937, there came the brand new Hansa Borgward 2000 as well as in 1939 the identify was shortened to Borgward 2000. The 2000 model was accompanied by the Borgward 2300that remained in production until 1942.After World War II, in 1946 Carl Borgward used a few of the brand names from companies he had acquired over time to found three different companies: Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd. This was intended to increase the number of steel allocated to his business during a period of austerity and rationing. For many purposes the companies would be run to be a single entity, but in a business operated by way of man to whom delegation did not come naturally the expansion of legal entities on the other hand added unhelpful layers of complexity from the 1950s and encouraged a broadening from the range which eventually proved financially unsustainable using the sales volumes achievable. In 1949 company presented the Borgward Hansa 1500.Among the top engineers at Borgward coming from 1938-1952 was Dipl. Ing. Hubert M. Meingast.Production of the Borgward Isabella commenced in 1954. The Isabella would become Borgward's most widely used model and remained in production to the life of the corporation. In 1960 the Borgward P100 was introduced, equipped with pneumatic suspension.Borgward introduced a distinct 1500 cc sports racers within the late 1950s, with the 16-valve engine from these transforming into a successful Formula Two power unit (which has been also used by a few F1 privateers in 1961).Although Borgward pioneered technical novelties within the German market such because air suspension and automated transmission, the company had trouble competing out there. While larger companies similar to Opel and VW took benefit of economies of scale as well as kept their prices low to gain market share, Borgward's cost structure was even beyond necessary for its sizing, as it basically managed as four tiny independent companies and not implemented such basic expense reduction strategies as articulation development and parts sharing between the company's makes. Borgward suffered quality problems likewise. The Lloyd Arabella was technically advanced like a water-cooled boxer with top wheel drive, but plagued with problems such as water leakage and gearbox errors. Lloyd lost money on the car just about the most was more expensive when compared with its direct competitors.In 1961, the company was forced into liquidation by lenders. Carl Borgward died inside July 1963, still insisting the company was technically solvent. This proved to be true within the sense that after the creditors were paid fully, there was still several. 5 million Marks left from the business.
Stories of difficulties at Borgward surfaced in an article that appeared within Germany's leading news newspaper, “Der Spiegel” on age 14 December 1960”. The very long, detailed, and in places repetitive Spiegel article was highlighted with a picture of Borgward, cigar in mouth, on the magazine’s entry cover. It was strongly crucial of Carl Borgward's enterprise approach, and included many of the arguments later advanced to explain or justify the businesses demise. The widest range connected with cars from any manufacturer in Germany, produced by three right up until recently operationally autonomous organizations (Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd) seemed to be supporting a turnover involving only 650 million Signifies, placing the overall sales value on the combined Borgward auto corporations only in fifth place among Germany's auto-makers. The 70-year-old Carl Borgward's "hands-on" insistence when using increasingly manic proliferation regarding new and modified products featuring adventurous, but under-developed technological innovative developments ("fast manisch[e] Konstruierwut") offered rise to components which all too often did not work, broke down or chop down apart, resulting in massive bills for pre-delivery remediation and/or post delivery warranty work that found their way back to the company.The December 1960 Spiegel article has not been the only serious community criticism targeting Borgward presently: suddenly stridently negative (in the event more succinct) comments also resulted in in the influential mass-market Bild newspaper and in television reports. Critical media commentaries in addition appeared concerning large loans for the Borgward Group provided with the local Landesbank.It is apparent how the business was confronting cash-flow difficulties right at the end of 1960. Capital intensive businesses including auto manufacturing use their expensive machines and tools most efficiently as long as they use them constantly on full capacity, but the car market in Europe inside the 1950s/60s was more periodic than today, with sales diminishing with Winter, then peaking in early summer months: Borgward’s inventory of unsold cars by the end of 1960 was higher than usual, reflecting ambitious growth options, most obviously in respect of north america market[11] The December 1960 Spiegel article speculated that in the 15, 000 Borgward cars ordered by the North American dealers with 1960 (and from the 12, 000 delivered to these individuals) 6, 000 might have to get taken back following a slump in North american demand. (Borgward was not really the only European auto maker hit by a North American slump successful for imported cars while in 1960. In the same 12 months two ships carrying Renault Dauphines were turned back in mid-Atlantic because the docks in The big apple were overcrowded with unsold Dauphines.
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Towards the end of December 1960 Borgward approached the lender for a further just one million Marks of credit ratings, the loan to be backed with a guarantee from the Bremen regional government which initially the Bremen senators consented to provide. However, following the flood regarding critical press comment the actual senators withdrew their assure. They now required Carl Borgward to pledge the corporation itself to the state in substitution for the guarantee. After a tense 13-hour meeting widely reported within a still hostile media, Borgward agreed to your senate’s terms on some February 1961, thereby averting the bankruptcy with the business.The Bremen Senate also insisted on appointing a nominee as chairman with the company’s supervisory board. The man they decided was Johannes Semler with whom reports generally describe being a “Wirtschaftsprüfer” (public auditor), though this designation, especially once translated in English, does less than full justice towards breadth of Semler’s occupation. He had studied rules at university and worked initially being a lawyer. The scion of a number one Hamburg political family, in 1945 he acquired himself been a founding member of the centre-right CSU get together, and was a person in the Bundestag between 1950 along with 1953. Despite his Hamburg beginnings, Semler was by on this occasion based in Munich, with a network of contacts within the Bavarian establishment that likely included fellow CSU politician and the future German chancellor, Ludwig Erhard, who in 1948 had succeeded Semler in the top administrative position in the Bizone. The appointment of Johannes Semler as the representative of the Bremen senators to be able to chair the Borgward supervisory panel would, in retrospect, contribute to the controversy that followed the Borgward individual bankruptcy.
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Upon 28 July 1961 Semler, as Chairman of this supervisory board joined the directors with the three companies Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd to instigate proceedings to the establishment of a “Vergleichsverfahren”, which would have provided for a court sanctioned scheme of arrangement enabling the organization to continue to trade while as well protecting the interests of creditors. [16] Two months later on, however, in September 1961, the Borgward and Goliath businesses were declared bankrupt, followed in November through the Lloyd business. Subsequent “conspiracy theorists” include suggested that Semler, for reasons of his or her own, never had any intention of allowing the Borgward auto-businesses to survive.
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