Borgward is surely an automobile manufacturer originally launched by Carl F. W. Borgward. The original company, based in Bremen inside Germany, ceased operations in the 1960s. The Borgward group produced four brands of cars: Borgward, Hansa, Goliath and Lloyd.The marque has since been revived by Carl Borgward's grand son, Christian Borgward, together with his lover Karlheinz L. Knöss, with assistance from China investment, and unveiled the firm's first new car inside over 40 years, the BX7 at the 2015 International Motor Present.The origins of Bremen's most significant auto-business get back on 1905 with the place in nearby Varel on the "Hansa Automobilgesellschaft" and the foundation in Bremen itself associated with "Namag", maker of the Lloyd car or truck. These two businesses merged in 1914 to form the "Hansa-Lloyd-Werke A. G. ". After the war, in the troubled economy then confronting Germany, the business failed to prosper and through the late 1920s faced a bankruptcy proceeding. For Carl Borgward, already the successful creator in the Goliath-Blitzkarren business, the misfortunes of Hansa-Lloyd presented a chance greatly to expand this scope of his automobile business, and he took control from it.
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The primary "automobile" Carl Borgward created was the 1924 Blitzkarren (lightning cart), a sort of very small three-wheeled van with only two hp (1. 5 kW), which was an enormous success on the market gap it filled. Traders with a small budget got it for delivery. The Reichspost ordered some of them for postal service.In 1929, Borgward became the movie director of Hansa Lloyd AG having been able to merge his "Goliath-Werke Borgward & Company. " with "Hansa-Lloyd. The small Goliath-Blitzkarren had right now evolved into the nonetheless three wheeler timber framed synthetic leather bodied 5 or maybe 7 hp Goliath Founder. Borgward turned his care about the other businesses and also led the development with the Hansa Konsul. In February 1937, there came the new Hansa Borgward 2000 and also in 1939 the brand was shortened to Borgward 2000. The 2000 model was then the Borgward 2300that remained in production until 1942.After World War II, in 1946 Carl Borgward used many of the brand names from organizations he had acquired through the years to found three independent companies: Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd. This was intended to increase the quality of steel allocated to his business at any given time of austerity and rationing. For many purposes the companies would be run as a single entity, but in a business operated by the man to whom delegation did not come naturally the expansion of legal entities even so added unhelpful layers of complexity with the 1950s and encouraged a broadening in the range which in the long run proved financially unsustainable while using the sales volumes achievable. In 1949 company shown the Borgward Hansa 1500.One of several top engineers at Borgward from 1938-1952 was Dipl. Ing. Hubert M. Meingast.Production of the Borgward Isabella started out in 1954. The Isabella would become Borgward's most favored model and remained in production with the life of the company. In 1960 the Borgward P100 had been introduced, equipped with pneumatic suspension.Borgward introduced a type of 1500 cc sports racers from the late 1950s, with the 16-valve engine from these transforming into a successful Formula Two power unit (that has been also used by many F1 privateers in 1961).Although Borgward pioneered technical novelties in the German market such as air suspension and automatic transmission, the company had trouble competing in the marketplace. While larger companies including Opel and VW took selling point of economies of scale and also kept their prices low to achieve market share, Borgward's cost structure was even beyond necessary for its dimensions, as it basically operated as four tiny independent companies and don't implemented such basic price tag reduction strategies as shared development and parts sharing between your company's makes. Borgward suffered quality problems also. The Lloyd Arabella was technically advanced being a water-cooled boxer with the front wheel drive, but plagued with problems like water leakage and gearbox secrets. Lloyd lost money on the car community . was more expensive than its direct competitors.In 1961, the company was forced into liquidation by collectors. Carl Borgward died throughout July 1963, still insisting the company was technically solvent. This proved to be true inside sense that after the particular creditors were paid entirely, there was still some. 5 million Marks left over from the business.
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Studies of difficulties at Borgward surfaced within an article that appeared throughout Germany's leading news newspaper, “Der Spiegel” on age 14 December 1960”. The very long, detailed, and in places repeated Spiegel article was highlighted by using a picture of Borgward, cigar in mouth, on the magazine’s top cover. It was strongly important of Carl Borgward's business approach, and included many on the arguments later advanced to spell out or justify the corporation's demise. The widest range involving cars from any producer in Germany, produced by three until recently operationally autonomous corporations (Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd) ended up being supporting a turnover connected with only 650 million Marks, placing the overall sales value on the combined Borgward auto firms only in fifth placement among Germany's auto-makers. The 70-year-old Carl Borgward's "hands-on" insistence on an increasingly manic proliferation regarding new and modified products featuring adventurous, but under-developed technological innovations ("fast manisch[e] Konstruierwut") afforded rise to components which too often did not work, broke down or chop down apart, resulting in massive bills for pre-delivery remediation and/or publish delivery warranty work that found their way back to the company.The December 1960 Spiegel article was not the only serious general public criticism targeting Borgward at this time: suddenly stridently negative (when more succinct) comments also resulted in in the influential mass-market Bild newspaper and in television stories. Critical media commentaries additionally appeared concerning large loans towards the Borgward Group provided because of the local Landesbank.It is apparent that this business was confronting cash-flow difficulties at the end of 1960. Capital intensive businesses like auto manufacturing use his or her expensive machines and tools most efficiently as long as they use them constantly at full capacity, but the car market in Europe from the 1950s/60s was more temporary than today, with sales diminishing in Winter, then peaking in their early summer months: Borgward’s inventory of unsold cars at the conclusion of 1960 was greater than usual, reflecting ambitious growth strategies, most obviously in respect of the us market[11] The December 1960 Spiegel article speculated that in the 15, 000 Borgward cars ordered by the North American dealers in 1960 (and with the 12, 000 delivered to them) 6, 000 might have to become taken back following a slump in Us demand. (Borgward was not the sole European auto maker hit by the North American slump in demand for imported cars through 1960. In the same season two ships carrying Renault Dauphines were turned in mid-Atlantic because the docks in Nyc were overcrowded with unsold Dauphines.
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Right at the end of December 1960 Borgward approached your banker for a further 1 million Marks of credit score, the loan to be backed by way of a guarantee from the Bremen local government which initially the Bremen senators agreed to provide. However, following the flood of critical press comment the particular senators withdrew their guarantee. They now required Carl Borgward to pledge the business itself to the state in return for the guarantee. After a tense 13-hour meeting widely reported within a still hostile media, Borgward agreed to the actual senate’s terms on some February 1961, thereby averting the bankruptcy with the business.The Bremen Senate likewise insisted on appointing its very own nominee as chairman of the company’s supervisory board. The man they chose was Johannes Semler whom reports generally describe to be a “Wirtschaftsprüfer” (public auditor), though this designation, especially once translated into English, does less than full justice to the breadth of Semler’s job. He had studied rules at university and worked initially being a lawyer. The scion of a leading Hamburg political family, in 1945 he got himself been a founding person in the centre-right CSU party, and was a member of the Bundestag between 1950 as well as 1953. Despite his Hamburg sources, Semler was by this time based in Munich, with a network of contacts inside the Bavarian establishment that most likely included fellow CSU politician and also the future German chancellor, Ludwig Erhard, who in 1948 had succeeded Semler within a top administrative position from the Bizone. The appointment of Johannes Semler as the representative of the Bremen senators to be able to chair the Borgward supervisory board would, in retrospect, contribute to the conflict that followed the Borgward chapter 7.
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On 28 July 1961 Semler, as Chairman of the supervisory board joined the directors from the three companies Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd to instigate proceedings for that establishment of a “Vergleichsverfahren”, which would have provided for any court sanctioned scheme of arrangement enabling the company to continue to trade while simultaneously protecting the interests connected with creditors. [16] Two months later, however, in September 1961, the Borgward and Goliath organizations were declared bankrupt, followed in November through the Lloyd business. Subsequent “conspiracy theorists” have got suggested that Semler, for reasons of her own, never had any purpose of allowing the Borgward auto-businesses to survive.
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