Borgward is an automobile manufacturer originally launched by Carl F. W. Borgward. The original company, based in Bremen throughout Germany, ceased operations in the 1960s. The Borgward group created four brands of cars and trucks: Borgward, Hansa, Goliath and Lloyd.The marque has given that been revived by Carl Borgward's grand son, Christian Borgward, together with his companion Karlheinz L. Knöss, with assistance from China investment, and unveiled the businesses first new car with over 40 years, the BX7 at the actual 2015 International Motor Present.The origins of Bremen's most significant auto-business resume 1905 with the establishment in nearby Varel on the "Hansa Automobilgesellschaft" and the inspiration in Bremen itself connected with "Namag", maker of the Lloyd car. These two businesses merged in 1914 to make the "Hansa-Lloyd-Werke A. G. ". After the war, in the troubled financial crisis then confronting Germany, the business failed to prosper and from the late 1920s faced chapter 7. For Carl Borgward, already the successful creator on the Goliath-Blitzkarren business, the misfortunes of Hansa-Lloyd presented a chance greatly to expand your scope of his car business, and he took control of it.
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The first "automobile" Carl Borgward created was the 1924 Blitzkarren (lightning cart), a sort of tiny three-wheeled van with 3 hp (1. 5 kW), which was an enormous success available in the market gap it filled. Traders with a small budget bought it for delivery. The Reichspost ordered many for postal service.In 1929, Borgward became the overseer of Hansa Lloyd AG having been able to merge his "Goliath-Werke Borgward & Company. " with "Hansa-Lloyd. The small Goliath-Blitzkarren had right now evolved into the still three wheeler timber presented synthetic leather bodied 5 or maybe 7 hp Goliath Founder. Borgward turned his focus on the other businesses in addition to led the development on the Hansa Konsul. In February 1937, there came the new Hansa Borgward 2000 and also in 1939 the identify was shortened to Borgward 2000. The 2000 model was and then the Borgward 2300that always been in production until 1942.After World War II, in 1946 Carl Borgward used many of the brand names from corporations he had acquired over time to found three different companies: Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd. This was intended to increase the amount of steel allocated to his business each time of austerity and rationing. For many purposes the companies would be run being a single entity, but in a business operated with a man to whom delegation would not come naturally the spreading of legal entities nevertheless added unhelpful layers of complexity through the 1950s and encouraged a broadening of the range which ultimately proved financially unsustainable using the sales volumes achievable. In 1949 company displayed the Borgward Hansa 1500.One of many top engineers at Borgward through 1938-1952 was Dipl. Ing. Hubert M. Meingast.Production of the Borgward Isabella begun in 1954. The Isabella would become Borgward's most favored model and remained in production for that life of the corporation. In 1960 the Borgward P100 has been introduced, equipped with pneumatic suspension.Borgward introduced a distinct 1500 cc sports racers inside late 1950s, with the 16-valve engine from these transforming into a successful Formula Two power unit (which has been also used by many F1 privateers in 1961).Although Borgward pioneered technical novelties within the German market such as air suspension and intelligent transmission, the company had trouble competing in the marketplace. While larger companies like Opel and VW took good thing about economies of scale and kept their prices low to achieve market share, Borgward's cost structure was even beyond necessary for its size, as it basically controlled as four tiny independent companies and do not implemented such basic price tag reduction strategies as shared development and parts sharing involving the company's makes. Borgward suffered quality problems as well. The Lloyd Arabella was technically advanced to be a water-cooled boxer with entry wheel drive, but plagued with problems including water leakage and gearbox secrets. Lloyd lost money on the car though it was more expensive as compared to its direct competitors.In 1961, the company was compelled into liquidation by lenders. Carl Borgward died with July 1963, still insisting the company ended up technically solvent. This proved to be true inside the sense that after the actual creditors were paid completely, there was still several. 5 million Marks left from the business.
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Studies of difficulties at Borgward surfaced in an article that appeared with Germany's leading news mag, “Der Spiegel” on 14 December 1960”. The very long, detailed, and in places repeated Spiegel article was highlighted by means of a picture of Borgward, cigar in mouth, on the magazine’s entrance cover. It was strongly essential of Carl Borgward's small business approach, and included many with the arguments later advanced to spellout or justify the business's demise. The widest range connected with cars from any manufacturer in Germany, produced by three until recently operationally autonomous companies (Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd) had been supporting a turnover of only 650 million Scars, placing the overall sales value from the combined Borgward auto companies only in fifth place among Germany's auto-makers. The 70-year-old Carl Borgward's "hands-on" insistence on an increasingly manic proliferation of new and modified types featuring adventurous, but under-developed technological improvements ("fast manisch[e] Konstruierwut") offered rise to components which excessively did not work, broke down or dropped apart, resulting in massive payments for pre-delivery remediation and/or post delivery warranty work that found their in the past to the company.The December 1960 Spiegel article wasn't the only serious open criticism targeting Borgward right now: suddenly stridently negative (in the event more succinct) comments also turned up in the influential mass-market Bild magazine and in television accounts. Critical media commentaries furthermore appeared concerning large loans on the Borgward Group provided because of the local Landesbank.It is apparent which the business was confronting cash-flow difficulties towards the end of 1960. Capital intensive businesses including auto manufacturing use their own expensive machines and tools most efficiently if they use them constantly at full capacity, but the car market in Europe within the 1950s/60s was more seasons than today, with sales diminishing with Winter, then peaking in their early summer months: Borgward’s inventory of unsold cars at the end of 1960 was higher than usual, reflecting ambitious growth programs, most obviously in respect of the usa market[11] The December 1960 Spiegel article speculated that of the 15, 000 Borgward cars ordered with the North American dealers in 1960 (and with the 12, 000 delivered to these people) 6, 000 might have to be taken back following a slump in Us demand. (Borgward was not really the only European auto maker hit with a North American slump popular for imported cars in the course of 1960. In the same year two ships carrying Renault Dauphines were turned the government financial aid mid-Atlantic because the docks in New york were overcrowded with unsold Dauphines.
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At the conclusion of December 1960 Borgward approached the lender for a further 1 million Marks of credit history, the loan to be backed by the guarantee from the Bremen regional government which initially the Bremen senators agreed to provide. However, following the flood connected with critical press comment your senators withdrew their assurance. They now required Carl Borgward to pledge the corporation itself to the state in substitution for the guarantee. After a tense 13-hour meeting widely reported in a still hostile media, Borgward agreed to the senate’s terms on four February 1961, thereby averting the bankruptcy of the business.The Bremen Senate in addition insisted on appointing its own nominee as chairman in the company’s supervisory board. The man they chose was Johannes Semler which reports generally describe to be a “Wirtschaftsprüfer” (public auditor), though this designation, especially once translated straight into English, does less than full justice to the breadth of Semler’s job. He had studied legislation at university and worked initially like a lawyer. The scion of a leading Hamburg political family, in 1945 he experienced himself been a founding member of the centre-right CSU celebration, and was a person in the Bundestag between 1950 along with 1953. Despite his Hamburg sources, Semler was by on this occasion based in Munich, with a network of contacts from the Bavarian establishment that almost certainly included fellow CSU politician as well as the future German chancellor, Ludwig Erhard, who in 1948 had succeeded Semler within a top administrative position within the Bizone. The appointment of Johannes Semler because representative of the Bremen senators to be able to chair the Borgward supervisory table would, in retrospect, contribute to the controversy that followed the Borgward bankruptcy.
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In 28 July 1961 Semler, as Chairman of your supervisory board joined the directors with the three companies Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd to instigate proceedings for your establishment of a “Vergleichsverfahren”, which would have provided for a court sanctioned scheme of arrangement enabling the company to continue to trade while as well protecting the interests associated with creditors. [16] Two months later on, however, in September 1961, the Borgward and Goliath companies were declared bankrupt, followed in November from the Lloyd business. Subsequent “conspiracy theorists” have got suggested that Semler, for reasons of her own, never had any purpose of allowing the Borgward auto-businesses for you to survive.
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