Borgward is surely an automobile manufacturer originally launched by Carl F. W. Borgward. The original company, based in Bremen inside Germany, ceased operations in the actual 1960s. The Borgward group generated four brands of autos: Borgward, Hansa, Goliath and Lloyd.The marque has given that been revived by Carl Borgward's grand son, Christian Borgward, together with his associate Karlheinz L. Knöss, with assistance from Chinese investment, and unveiled the corporation's first new car within over 40 years, the BX7 at this 2015 International Motor Demonstrate.The origins of Bremen's most significant auto-business get back on 1905 with the business in nearby Varel from the "Hansa Automobilgesellschaft" and the muse in Bremen itself connected with "Namag", maker of the Lloyd auto. These two businesses merged in 1914 to the "Hansa-Lloyd-Werke A. G. ". After the war, in the troubled economic situation then confronting Germany, the business failed to prosper and through the late 1920s faced personal bankruptcy. For Carl Borgward, already the successful creator in the Goliath-Blitzkarren business, the misfortunes of Hansa-Lloyd presented a chance greatly to expand the scope of his car business, and he took control of it.
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The initial "automobile" Carl Borgward intended was the 1924 Blitzkarren (super cart), a sort of teeny three-wheeled van with only two hp (1. 5 kW), which was an enormous success already in the market gap it filled. Traders with a small budget got it for delivery. The Reichspost ordered many of them for postal service.In 1929, Borgward became the movie director of Hansa Lloyd AG having been able to merge his "Goliath-Werke Borgward & Company. " with "Hansa-Lloyd. The small Goliath-Blitzkarren had nowadays evolved into the still three wheeler timber presented synthetic leather bodied 5 or perhaps 7 hp Goliath Pioneer. Borgward turned his care about the other businesses as well as led the development on the Hansa Konsul. In February 1937, there came the brand new Hansa Borgward 2000 as well as in 1939 the identify was shortened to Borgward 2000. The 2000 model was then the Borgward 2300that continued in production until 1942.After World War II, in 1946 Carl Borgward used a few of the brand names from organizations he had acquired through the years to found three individual companies: Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd. This was intended to increase the quantity of steel allocated to his business at any given time of austerity and rationing. For many purposes the businesses would be run as being a single entity, but in a business operated with a man to whom delegation did not come naturally the proliferation of legal entities nevertheless added unhelpful layers of complexity from the 1950s and encouraged a broadening on the range which finally proved financially unsustainable while using sales volumes achievable. In 1949 company displayed the Borgward Hansa 1500.One of several top engineers at Borgward by 1938-1952 was Dipl. Ing. Hubert M. Meingast.Production of the Borgward Isabella begun in 1954. The Isabella would become Borgward's most in-demand model and remained in production with the life of the organization. In 1960 the Borgward P100 ended up being introduced, equipped with pneumatic suspension.Borgward introduced a distinctive line of 1500 cc sports racers in the late 1950s, with the 16-valve engine from these to become successful Formula Two power unit (that was also used by many F1 privateers in 1961).Although Borgward pioneered technical novelties from the German market such seeing that air suspension and automatic transmission, the company had trouble competing available. While larger companies similar to Opel and VW took good thing about economies of scale along with kept their prices low to get market share, Borgward's cost structure was even higher than necessary for its dimensions, as it basically controlled as four tiny independent companies and don't implemented such basic charge reduction strategies as combined development and parts sharing relating to the company's makes. Borgward suffered quality problems likewise. The Lloyd Arabella was technically advanced to be a water-cooled boxer with entry wheel drive, but plagued with problems including water leakage and gearbox secrets. Lloyd lost money on the car just about the most was more expensive when compared with its direct competitors.In 1961, the company was pushed into liquidation by credit card companies. Carl Borgward died within July 1963, still insisting the company was technically solvent. This proved to be true in the sense that after the particular creditors were paid in full, there was still some. 5 million Marks left from the business.
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Stories of difficulties at Borgward surfaced in the article that appeared in Germany's leading news mag, “Der Spiegel” on age 14 December 1960”. The very long, detailed, and in places repetitive Spiegel article was highlighted through a picture of Borgward, cigar in mouth, on the magazine’s entrance cover. It was strongly important of Carl Borgward's organization approach, and included many in the arguments later advanced to describe or justify the businesses demise. The widest range of cars from any supplier in Germany, produced by three right up until recently operationally autonomous organizations (Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd) was supporting a turnover associated with only 650 million Grades, placing the overall sales value from the combined Borgward auto organizations only in fifth position among Germany's auto-makers. The 70-year-old Carl Borgward's "hands-on" insistence on an increasingly manic proliferation regarding new and modified versions featuring adventurous, but under-developed technological innovations ("fast manisch[e] Konstruierwut") afforded rise to components which all too often did not work, broke down or droped apart, resulting in massive charges for pre-delivery remediation and/or post delivery warranty work that found their made use of to the company.The December 1960 Spiegel article had not been the only serious community criticism targeting Borgward right now: suddenly stridently negative (when more succinct) comments also turned up in the influential mass-market Bild magazine and in television reports. Critical media commentaries in addition appeared concerning large loans towards Borgward Group provided by the local Landesbank.It is apparent how the business was confronting cash-flow difficulties at the conclusion of 1960. Capital intensive businesses like auto manufacturing use the expensive machines and tools most efficiently when they use them constantly at full capacity, but the car market in Europe inside the 1950s/60s was more seasonal than today, with sales diminishing within Winter, then peaking in the early summer months: Borgward’s inventory of unsold cars at the end of 1960 was above usual, reflecting ambitious growth options, most obviously in respect of the usa market[11] The December 1960 Spiegel article speculated that on the 15, 000 Borgward cars ordered with the North American dealers inside 1960 (and from the 12, 000 delivered to these) 6, 000 might have for being taken back following a slump in United states demand. (Borgward was not really the only European auto maker hit by a North American slump successful for imported cars throughout 1960. In the same season two ships carrying Renault Dauphines were turned the government financial aid mid-Atlantic because the docks in Ny were overcrowded with unsold Dauphines.
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At the end of December 1960 Borgward approached the bank for a further one million Marks of credit rating, the loan to be backed by the guarantee from the Bremen local government which initially the Bremen senators decided to provide. However, following the flood regarding critical press comment your senators withdrew their assurance. They now required Carl Borgward to pledge this company itself to the state in substitution for the guarantee. After a tense 13-hour meeting widely reported within a still hostile media, Borgward agreed to your senate’s terms on several February 1961, thereby averting the bankruptcy of the business.The Bremen Senate likewise insisted on appointing a nominee as chairman from the company’s supervisory board. The man they decided was Johannes Semler which reports generally describe like a “Wirtschaftsprüfer” (public auditor), though this designation, especially once translated in to English, does less than full justice on the breadth of Semler’s profession. He had studied legislation at university and worked initially being a lawyer. The scion of a top Hamburg political family, in 1945 he experienced himself been a founding member of the centre-right CSU bash, and was a member of the Bundestag between 1950 in addition to 1953. Despite his Hamburg sources, Semler was by on this occasion based in Munich, with a network of contacts inside the Bavarian establishment that possibly included fellow CSU politician as well as the future German chancellor, Ludwig Erhard, who in 1948 had succeeded Semler within a top administrative position inside the Bizone. The appointment of Johannes Semler because the representative of the Bremen senators to chair the Borgward supervisory panel would, in retrospect, contribute to the conflict that followed the Borgward chapter 7.
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Upon 28 July 1961 Semler, as Chairman of the supervisory board joined the directors of the three companies Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd to instigate proceedings for the establishment of a “Vergleichsverfahren”, which would have provided for a court sanctioned scheme of arrangement enabling the company to continue to trade while as well protecting the interests connected with creditors. [16] Two months afterwards, however, in September 1961, the Borgward and Goliath corporations were declared bankrupt, followed in November by the Lloyd business. Subsequent “conspiracy theorists” get suggested that Semler, for reasons of her own, never had any objective of allowing the Borgward auto-businesses in order to survive.
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