Borgward is definitely an automobile manufacturer originally launched by Carl F. W. Borgward. The original company, based in Bremen with Germany, ceased operations in this 1960s. The Borgward group developed four brands of cars and trucks: Borgward, Hansa, Goliath and Lloyd.The marque has since been revived by Carl Borgward's grand son, Christian Borgward, together with his spouse Karlheinz L. Knöss, with assistance from Chinese investment, and unveiled the businesses first new car within over 40 years, the BX7 at the actual 2015 International Motor Demonstrate.The origins of Bremen's most significant auto-business get back to 1905 with the business in nearby Varel in the "Hansa Automobilgesellschaft" and the building blocks in Bremen itself regarding "Namag", maker of the Lloyd vehicle. These two businesses merged in 1914 in order to create the "Hansa-Lloyd-Werke A. G. ". After the war, in the troubled financial status then confronting Germany, the business failed to prosper and through the late 1920s faced bankruptcy. For Carl Borgward, already the successful creator on the Goliath-Blitzkarren business, the misfortunes of Hansa-Lloyd presented an opportunity greatly to expand the actual scope of his auto business, and he took control of it.
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The initial "automobile" Carl Borgward created was the 1924 Blitzkarren (super cart), a sort of little three-wheeled van with two hp (1. 5 kW), which was an enormous success already in the market gap it filled. Traders with a small budget purchased for delivery. The Reichspost ordered most of them for postal service.In 1929, Borgward became the overseer of Hansa Lloyd AG having gotten to merge his "Goliath-Werke Borgward & Co. " with "Hansa-Lloyd. The small Goliath-Blitzkarren had can't evolved into the still three wheeler timber presented synthetic leather bodied 5 or 7 hp Goliath Master. Borgward turned his care about the other businesses in addition to led the development of the Hansa Konsul. In February 1937, there came the fresh Hansa Borgward 2000 and also in 1939 the identify was shortened to Borgward 2000. The 2000 model was as well as the Borgward 2300that continued in production until 1942.After World War II, in 1946 Carl Borgward used a number of the brand names from corporations he had acquired in the past to found three distinct companies: Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd. This was intended to increase the quantity of steel allocated to his business at any given time of austerity and rationing. For many purposes the businesses would be run as being a single entity, but in a business operated with a man to whom delegation wouldn't come naturally the spreading of legal entities even so added unhelpful layers of complexity with the 1950s and encouraged a broadening on the range which eventually proved financially unsustainable while using the sales volumes achievable. In 1949 company displayed the Borgward Hansa 1500.One of the top engineers at Borgward via 1938-1952 was Dipl. Ing. Hubert M. Meingast.Production of the Borgward Isabella began in 1954. The Isabella would become Borgward's most favored model and remained in production with the life of the organization. In 1960 the Borgward P100 was introduced, equipped with pneumatic suspension.Borgward introduced a brand of 1500 cc sports racers from the late 1950s, with the 16-valve engine from these becoming a successful Formula Two power unit (that has been also used by a number of F1 privateers in 1961).Although Borgward pioneered technical novelties from the German market such while air suspension and automatic transmission, the company had trouble competing in the marketplace. While larger companies such as Opel and VW took selling point of economies of scale and kept their prices low to realize market share, Borgward's cost structure was even beyond necessary for its sizing, as it basically managed as four tiny independent companies and don't implemented such basic charge reduction strategies as shared development and parts sharing involving the company's makes. Borgward suffered quality problems also. The Lloyd Arabella was technically advanced being a water-cooled boxer with entrance wheel drive, but plagued with problems such as water leakage and gearbox glitches. Lloyd lost money on the car just about the most was more expensive as compared to its direct competitors.In 1961, the company was forced into liquidation by lenders. Carl Borgward died within July 1963, still insisting the company were being technically solvent. This proved to be true inside the sense that after your creditors were paid completely, there was still some. 5 million Marks left over from the business.
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Stories of difficulties at Borgward surfaced in the article that appeared in Germany's leading news journal, “Der Spiegel” on fourteen December 1960”. The very long, detailed, and in places repeated Spiegel article was highlighted by way of a picture of Borgward, cigar in mouth, on the magazine’s the front cover. It was strongly crucial of Carl Borgward's enterprise approach, and included many on the arguments later advanced to spellout or justify the businesses demise. The widest range associated with cars from any producer in Germany, produced by three until recently operationally autonomous businesses (Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd) seemed to be supporting a turnover involving only 650 million Grades, placing the overall sales value on the combined Borgward auto businesses only in fifth position among Germany's auto-makers. The 70-year-old Carl Borgward's "hands-on" insistence with an increasingly manic proliferation connected with new and modified versions featuring adventurous, but under-developed technological inventions ("fast manisch[e] Konstruierwut") offered rise to components which many times did not work, broke down or fell apart, resulting in massive expenses for pre-delivery remediation and/or article delivery warranty work that found their way back to the company.The December 1960 Spiegel article had not been the only serious general public criticism targeting Borgward at this time: suddenly stridently negative (when more succinct) comments also turned up in the influential mass-market Bild newspapers and in television accounts. Critical media commentaries furthermore appeared concerning large loans to the Borgward Group provided because of the local Landesbank.It is apparent that this business was confronting cash-flow difficulties towards the end of 1960. Capital intensive businesses such as auto manufacturing use their expensive machines and tools most efficiently when they use them constantly from full capacity, but the car market in Europe from the 1950s/60s was more periodic than today, with sales diminishing with Winter, then peaking in the first summer months: Borgward’s inventory of unsold cars at the end of 1960 was higher than usual, reflecting ambitious growth strategies, most obviously in respect of north america market[11] The December 1960 Spiegel article speculated that with the 15, 000 Borgward cars ordered by the North American dealers with 1960 (and from the 12, 000 delivered to these individuals) 6, 000 might have for being taken back following a slump in United states demand. (Borgward was not the sole European auto maker hit by way of a North American slump in demand for imported cars throughout 1960. In the same 12 months two ships carrying Renault Dauphines were turned in mid-Atlantic because the docks in Big apple were overcrowded with unsold Dauphines.
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At the end of December 1960 Borgward approached the lending company for a further one million Marks of credit history, the loan to be backed with a guarantee from the Bremen local government which initially the Bremen senators opted for provide. However, following the flood regarding critical press comment the senators withdrew their guarantee. They now required Carl Borgward to pledge the company itself to the state in return for the guarantee. After a tense 13-hour meeting widely reported in the still hostile media, Borgward agreed to the actual senate’s terms on several February 1961, thereby averting the bankruptcy with the business.The Bremen Senate also insisted on appointing a nominee as chairman of the company’s supervisory board. The man they selected was Johannes Semler with whom reports generally describe as being a “Wirtschaftsprüfer” (public auditor), though this designation, especially once translated into English, does less than full justice on the breadth of Semler’s vocation. He had studied legislations at university and worked initially to be a lawyer. The scion of a top Hamburg political family, in 1945 he acquired himself been a founding person in the centre-right CSU party, and was a person in the Bundestag between 1950 and 1953. Despite his Hamburg sources, Semler was by this time around based in Munich, with a network of contacts from the Bavarian establishment that most likely included fellow CSU politician along with the future German chancellor, Ludwig Erhard, who in 1948 had succeeded Semler in the top administrative position inside the Bizone. The appointment of Johannes Semler because representative of the Bremen senators in order to chair the Borgward supervisory panel would, in retrospect, contribute to the controversy that followed the Borgward bankruptcy.
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About 28 July 1961 Semler, as Chairman of the actual supervisory board joined the directors in the three companies Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd to instigate proceedings for that establishment of a “Vergleichsverfahren”, which would have provided for a court sanctioned scheme of arrangement enabling the company to continue to trade while simultaneously protecting the interests associated with creditors. [16] Two months afterwards, however, in September 1961, the Borgward and Goliath firms were declared bankrupt, followed in November through the Lloyd business. Subsequent “conspiracy theorists” have got suggested that Semler, for reasons of his own, never had any intent of allowing the Borgward auto-businesses to survive.
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