Borgward is surely an automobile manufacturer originally started by Carl F. W. Borgward. The original company, based in Bremen in Germany, ceased operations in the actual 1960s. The Borgward group generated four brands of vehicles: Borgward, Hansa, Goliath and Lloyd.The marque has due to the fact been revived by Carl Borgward's grand son, Christian Borgward, together with his spouse Karlheinz L. Knöss, with assistance from Far east investment, and unveiled the business's first new car inside over 40 years, the BX7 at your 2015 International Motor Present.The origins of Bremen's most significant auto-business go back to 1905 with the institution in nearby Varel in the "Hansa Automobilgesellschaft" and the inspiration in Bremen itself associated with "Namag", maker of the Lloyd auto. These two businesses merged in 1914 to form the "Hansa-Lloyd-Werke A. G. ". After the war, in the troubled financial status then confronting Germany, the business failed to prosper and by the late 1920s faced individual bankruptcy. For Carl Borgward, already the successful creator from the Goliath-Blitzkarren business, the misfortunes of Hansa-Lloyd presented a possibility greatly to expand the actual scope of his car business, and he took control from it.
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The very first "automobile" Carl Borgward developed was the 1924 Blitzkarren (super cart), a sort of teeny three-wheeled van with a couple of hp (1. 5 kW), which was an enormous success in the market gap it filled. Traders with a small budget purchased for delivery. The Reichspost ordered many of them for postal service.In 1929, Borgward became the overseer of Hansa Lloyd AG having gotten to merge his "Goliath-Werke Borgward & Company. " with "Hansa-Lloyd. The small Goliath-Blitzkarren had nowadays evolved into the nevertheless three wheeler timber presented synthetic leather bodied 5 or 7 hp Goliath Pioneer. Borgward turned his attention to the other businesses in addition to led the development in the Hansa Konsul. In February 1937, there came the completely new Hansa Borgward 2000 as well as in 1939 the name was shortened to Borgward 2000. The 2000 model was as well as the Borgward 2300that stayed in production until 1942.After World War II, in 1946 Carl Borgward used a number of the brand names from firms he had acquired in recent times to found three separate companies: Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd. This was intended to increase the quality of steel allocated to his business at any given time of austerity and rationing. For many purposes the lenders would be run being a single entity, but in a business operated by the man to whom delegation wouldn't come naturally the growth of legal entities nevertheless added unhelpful layers of complexity over the 1950s and encouraged a broadening in the range which in the end proved financially unsustainable while using sales volumes achievable. In 1949 company shown the Borgward Hansa 1500.One of the top engineers at Borgward through 1938-1952 was Dipl. Ing. Hubert M. Meingast.Production of the Borgward Isabella commenced in 1954. The Isabella would become Borgward's most favored model and remained in production for that life of the organization. In 1960 the Borgward P100 ended up being introduced, equipped with pneumatic suspension.Borgward introduced a type of 1500 cc sports racers inside the late 1950s, with the 16-valve engine from these learning to be a successful Formula Two power unit (which has been also used by a few F1 privateers in 1961).Although Borgward pioneered technical novelties within the German market such as air suspension and intelligent transmission, the company had trouble competing in the marketplace. While larger companies such as Opel and VW took benefit of economies of scale in addition to kept their prices low to find market share, Borgward's cost structure was even beyond necessary for its dimension, as it basically operated as four tiny independent companies and not implemented such basic cost reduction strategies as mutual development and parts sharing involving the company's makes. Borgward suffered quality problems as well. The Lloyd Arabella was technically advanced like a water-cooled boxer with the front wheel drive, but plagued with problems including water leakage and gearbox glitches. Lloyd lost money on the car although it was more expensive in comparison with its direct competitors.In 1961, the company was pushed into liquidation by credit card companies. Carl Borgward died in July 1963, still insisting the company was technically solvent. This proved to be true in the sense that after this creditors were paid entirely, there was still some. 5 million Marks left over from the business.
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Reviews of difficulties at Borgward surfaced within an article that appeared in Germany's leading news newspaper, “Der Spiegel” on fourteen December 1960”. The very long, detailed, and in places repetitive Spiegel article was highlighted through a picture of Borgward, cigar in mouth, on the magazine’s entry cover. It was strongly critical of Carl Borgward's company approach, and included many in the arguments later advanced to go into detail or justify the corporation's demise. The widest range regarding cars from any supplier in Germany, produced by three right up until recently operationally autonomous companies (Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd) had been supporting a turnover connected with only 650 million Marks, placing the overall sales value from the combined Borgward auto companies only in fifth placement among Germany's auto-makers. The 70-year-old Carl Borgward's "hands-on" insistence on an increasingly manic proliferation regarding new and modified products featuring adventurous, but under-developed technological improvements ("fast manisch[e] Konstruierwut") afforded rise to components which many times did not work, broke down or fell apart, resulting in massive expenses for pre-delivery remediation and/or article delivery warranty work that found their way back to the company.The December 1960 Spiegel article wasn't the only serious community criticism targeting Borgward at this time: suddenly stridently negative (in case more succinct) comments also resulted in in the influential mass-market Bild classifieds and in television reports. Critical media commentaries furthermore appeared concerning large loans to the Borgward Group provided by the local Landesbank.It is apparent how the business was confronting cash-flow difficulties at the end of 1960. Capital intensive businesses including auto manufacturing use the expensive machines and tools most efficiently whenever they use them constantly in full capacity, but the car market in Europe from the 1950s/60s was more temporary than today, with sales diminishing within Winter, then peaking in earlier summer months: Borgward’s inventory of unsold cars by the end of 1960 was higher than usual, reflecting ambitious growth programs, most obviously in respect of america market[11] The December 1960 Spiegel article speculated that of the 15, 000 Borgward cars ordered through the North American dealers inside 1960 (and from the 12, 000 delivered to them) 6, 000 might have to become taken back following a slump in North american demand. (Borgward was not the only European auto maker hit with a North American slump widely used for imported cars while in 1960. In the same season two ships carrying Renault Dauphines were turned back in mid-Atlantic because the docks in Big apple were overcrowded with unsold Dauphines.
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At the conclusion of December 1960 Borgward approached the bank for a further 1 million Marks of credit ratings, the loan to be backed by the guarantee from the Bremen local government which initially the Bremen senators decided provide. However, following the flood connected with critical press comment your senators withdrew their promise. They now required Carl Borgward to pledge this company itself to the state in return for the guarantee. After a tense 13-hour meeting widely reported in a very still hostile media, Borgward agreed to your senate’s terms on 5 February 1961, thereby averting the bankruptcy in the business.The Bremen Senate in addition insisted on appointing its very own nominee as chairman on the company’s supervisory board. The man they decided to go with was Johannes Semler whom reports generally describe as a “Wirtschaftsprüfer” (public auditor), though this designation, especially once translated straight into English, does less than full justice to the breadth of Semler’s occupation. He had studied law at university and worked initially like a lawyer. The scion of a top Hamburg political family, in 1945 he received himself been a founding member of the centre-right CSU celebration, and was a member of the Bundestag between 1950 and also 1953. Despite his Hamburg origins, Semler was by this time around based in Munich, with a network of contacts inside the Bavarian establishment that almost certainly included fellow CSU politician along with the future German chancellor, Ludwig Erhard, who in 1948 had succeeded Semler within a top administrative position in the Bizone. The appointment of Johannes Semler because representative of the Bremen senators for you to chair the Borgward supervisory mother board would, in retrospect, contribute to the hot debate that followed the Borgward individual bankruptcy.
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With 28 July 1961 Semler, as Chairman of this supervisory board joined the directors in the three companies Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd to instigate proceedings to the establishment of a “Vergleichsverfahren”, which would have provided to get a court sanctioned scheme of arrangement enabling the company to continue to trade while at the same time protecting the interests associated with creditors. [16] Two months later, however, in September 1961, the Borgward and Goliath firms were declared bankrupt, followed in November with the Lloyd business. Subsequent “conspiracy theorists” include suggested that Semler, for reasons of their own, never had any objective of allowing the Borgward auto-businesses to help survive.
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