Borgward is an automobile manufacturer originally created by Carl F. W. Borgward. The original company, based in Bremen throughout Germany, ceased operations in the actual 1960s. The Borgward group produced four brands of cars: Borgward, Hansa, Goliath and Lloyd.The marque has since been revived by Carl Borgward's grand son, Christian Borgward, together with his lover Karlheinz L. Knöss, with assistance from Chinese investment, and unveiled the business's first new car throughout over 40 years, the BX7 at this 2015 International Motor Indicate.The origins of Bremen's most significant auto-business resume 1905 with the institution in nearby Varel from the "Hansa Automobilgesellschaft" and the building blocks in Bremen itself involving "Namag", maker of the Lloyd automobile. These two businesses merged in 1914 to create the "Hansa-Lloyd-Werke A. G. ". After the war, in the troubled financial situation then confronting Germany, the business failed to prosper and with the late 1920s faced personal bankruptcy. For Carl Borgward, already the successful creator of the Goliath-Blitzkarren business, the misfortunes of Hansa-Lloyd presented the opportunity greatly to expand the scope of his automobile business, and he took control of computer.
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The 1st "automobile" Carl Borgward developed was the 1924 Blitzkarren (lightning cart), a sort of teeny three-wheeled van with two hp (1. 5 kW), which was an enormous success available in the market gap it filled. Traders with a small budget bought for delivery. The Reichspost ordered many for postal service.In 1929, Borgward became the overseer of Hansa Lloyd AG having been able to merge his "Goliath-Werke Borgward & Co. " with "Hansa-Lloyd. The small Goliath-Blitzkarren had can't evolved into the nevertheless three wheeler timber framed synthetic leather bodied 5 or 7 hp Goliath Leading. Borgward turned his focus on the other businesses along with led the development from the Hansa Konsul. In February 1937, there came the completely new Hansa Borgward 2000 and in 1939 the name was shortened to Borgward 2000. The 2000 model was then the Borgward 2300that continued to be in production until 1942.After World War II, in 1946 Carl Borgward used some of the brand names from companies he had acquired in recent times to found three distinct companies: Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd. This was intended to increase the quantity of steel allocated to his business at any given time of austerity and rationing. For many purposes the businesses would be run being a single entity, but in a business operated by a man to whom delegation didn't come naturally the expansion of legal entities nonetheless added unhelpful layers of complexity through the 1950s and encouraged a broadening with the range which eventually proved financially unsustainable using the sales volumes achievable. In 1949 company offered the Borgward Hansa 1500.On the list of top engineers at Borgward by 1938-1952 was Dipl. Ing. Hubert M. Meingast.Production of the Borgward Isabella started in 1954. The Isabella would become Borgward's most popular model and remained in production for that life of the firm. In 1960 the Borgward P100 has been introduced, equipped with pneumatic suspension.Borgward introduced a line of 1500 cc sports racers in the late 1950s, with the 16-valve engine from these transforming into a successful Formula Two power unit (that was also used by some F1 privateers in 1961).Although Borgward pioneered technical novelties from the German market such since air suspension and automatic transmission, the company had trouble competing available. While larger companies like Opel and VW took good thing about economies of scale and also kept their prices low to gain market share, Borgward's cost structure was even greater than necessary for its measurement, as it basically handled as four tiny independent companies rather than implemented such basic cost reduction strategies as mutual development and parts sharing involving the company's makes. Borgward suffered quality problems likewise. The Lloyd Arabella was technically advanced to be a water-cooled boxer with entry wheel drive, but plagued with problems including water leakage and gearbox secrets. Lloyd lost money on the car just about the most was more expensive when compared with its direct competitors.In 1961, the company was required into liquidation by credit card companies. Carl Borgward died inside July 1963, still insisting the company were being technically solvent. This proved to be true inside sense that after the creditors were paid fully, there was still some. 5 million Marks left from the business.
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Studies of difficulties at Borgward surfaced in an article that appeared in Germany's leading news journal, “Der Spiegel” on age 14 December 1960”. The very long, detailed, and in places similar Spiegel article was highlighted with a picture of Borgward, cigar in mouth, on the magazine’s entry cover. It was strongly critical of Carl Borgward's small business approach, and included many with the arguments later advanced to go into detail or justify the businesses demise. The widest range connected with cars from any manufacturer in Germany, produced by three until finally recently operationally autonomous companies (Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd) seemed to be supporting a turnover connected with only 650 million Grades, placing the overall sales value from the combined Borgward auto organizations only in fifth position among Germany's auto-makers. The 70-year-old Carl Borgward's "hands-on" insistence on an increasingly manic proliferation connected with new and modified models featuring adventurous, but under-developed technological innovations ("fast manisch[e] Konstruierwut") provided rise to components which too much did not work, broke down or fell apart, resulting in massive costs for pre-delivery remediation and/or post delivery warranty work that found their in the past to the company.The December 1960 Spiegel article was not the only serious public criticism targeting Borgward currently: suddenly stridently negative (in case more succinct) comments also turned up in the influential mass-market Bild newspapers and in television stories. Critical media commentaries furthermore appeared concerning large loans for the Borgward Group provided through the local Landesbank.It is apparent the business was confronting cash-flow difficulties by the end of 1960. Capital intensive businesses like auto manufacturing use their own expensive machines and tools most efficiently should they use them constantly in full capacity, but the car market in Europe from the 1950s/60s was more in season than today, with sales diminishing with Winter, then peaking in the early summer months: Borgward’s inventory of unsold cars at the conclusion of 1960 was higher than usual, reflecting ambitious growth strategies, most obviously in respect of the us market[11] The December 1960 Spiegel article speculated that of the 15, 000 Borgward cars ordered because of the North American dealers with 1960 (and with the 12, 000 delivered to these people) 6, 000 might have for being taken back following a slump in North american demand. (Borgward was not really the only European auto maker hit by a North American slump popular for imported cars during 1960. In the same season two ships carrying Renault Dauphines were turned back in mid-Atlantic because the docks in New york were overcrowded with unsold Dauphines.
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By the end of December 1960 Borgward approached the lending company for a further 1 million Marks of credit ratings, the loan to be backed by the guarantee from the Bremen local government which initially the Bremen senators consented to provide. However, following the flood connected with critical press comment the particular senators withdrew their assure. They now required Carl Borgward to pledge the company itself to the state in substitution for the guarantee. After a tense 13-hour meeting widely reported inside a still hostile media, Borgward agreed to this senate’s terms on 5 February 1961, thereby averting the bankruptcy on the business.The Bremen Senate furthermore insisted on appointing its own nominee as chairman on the company’s supervisory board. The man they select was Johannes Semler whom reports generally describe like a “Wirtschaftsprüfer” (public auditor), though this designation, especially once translated in to English, does less than full justice towards the breadth of Semler’s occupation. He had studied regulation at university and worked initially like a lawyer. The scion of a number one Hamburg political family, in 1945 he got himself been a founding person in the centre-right CSU gathering, and was a person in the Bundestag between 1950 and also 1953. Despite his Hamburg roots, Semler was by now based in Munich, with a network of contacts from the Bavarian establishment that almost certainly included fellow CSU politician along with the future German chancellor, Ludwig Erhard, who in 1948 had succeeded Semler within a top administrative position within the Bizone. The appointment of Johannes Semler because the representative of the Bremen senators in order to chair the Borgward supervisory panel would, in retrospect, contribute to the controversy that followed the Borgward a bankruptcy proceeding.
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With 28 July 1961 Semler, as Chairman of the actual supervisory board joined the directors in the three companies Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd to instigate proceedings for the establishment of a “Vergleichsverfahren”, which would have provided for any court sanctioned scheme of arrangement enabling the organization to continue to trade while as well protecting the interests of creditors. [16] Two months later, however, in September 1961, the Borgward and Goliath organizations were declared bankrupt, followed in November from the Lloyd business. Subsequent “conspiracy theorists” get suggested that Semler, for reasons of her own, never had any intention of allowing the Borgward auto-businesses to help survive.
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