Borgward is an automobile manufacturer originally set up by Carl F. W. Borgward. The original company, based in Bremen within Germany, ceased operations in the actual 1960s. The Borgward group made four brands of cars: Borgward, Hansa, Goliath and Lloyd.The marque has since been revived by Carl Borgward's son, Christian Borgward, together with his companion Karlheinz L. Knöss, with assistance from Chinese investment, and unveiled the businesses first new car within over 40 years, the BX7 at this 2015 International Motor Display.The origins of Bremen's most significant auto-business return to 1905 with the institution in nearby Varel from the "Hansa Automobilgesellschaft" and the inspiration in Bremen itself connected with "Namag", maker of the Lloyd automobile. These two businesses merged in 1914 to make the "Hansa-Lloyd-Werke A. G. ". After the war, in the troubled economy then confronting Germany, the business failed to prosper and because of the late 1920s faced bankruptcy. For Carl Borgward, already the successful creator in the Goliath-Blitzkarren business, the misfortunes of Hansa-Lloyd presented a chance greatly to expand the actual scope of his auto business, and he took control than it.
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The 1st "automobile" Carl Borgward designed was the 1924 Blitzkarren (turbo cart), a sort of very small three-wheeled van with a couple of hp (1. 5 kW), which was an enormous success in the market gap it filled. Traders with a small budget purchased for delivery. The Reichspost ordered most of them for postal service.In 1929, Borgward became the representative of Hansa Lloyd AG having had the opportunity to merge his "Goliath-Werke Borgward & Co. " with "Hansa-Lloyd. The small Goliath-Blitzkarren had by now evolved into the nevertheless three wheeler timber framed synthetic leather bodied 5 as well as 7 hp Goliath Leader. Borgward turned his awareness of the other businesses and also led the development on the Hansa Konsul. In February 1937, there came the completely new Hansa Borgward 2000 and in 1939 the identify was shortened to Borgward 2000. The 2000 model was accompanied by the Borgward 2300that stayed in production until 1942.After World War II, in 1946 Carl Borgward used many of the brand names from companies he had acquired through the years to found three distinct companies: Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd. This was intended to increase how much steel allocated to his business at any given time of austerity and rationing. For many purposes the firms would be run as being a single entity, but in a business operated by the man to whom delegation would not come naturally the proliferation of legal entities however added unhelpful layers of complexity with the 1950s and encouraged a broadening with the range which finally proved financially unsustainable using the sales volumes achievable. In 1949 company offered the Borgward Hansa 1500.One of several top engineers at Borgward coming from 1938-1952 was Dipl. Ing. Hubert M. Meingast.Production of the Borgward Isabella began in 1954. The Isabella would become Borgward's most popular model and remained in production for the life of the organization. In 1960 the Borgward P100 had been introduced, equipped with pneumatic suspension.Borgward introduced a distinctive line of 1500 cc sports racers from the late 1950s, with the 16-valve engine from these becoming a successful Formula Two power unit (that was also used by several F1 privateers in 1961).Although Borgward pioneered technical novelties in the German market such since air suspension and intelligent transmission, the company had trouble competing in the market. While larger companies like Opel and VW took benefit from economies of scale and also kept their prices low to find market share, Borgward's cost structure was even more than necessary for its dimension, as it basically operated as four tiny independent companies rather than implemented such basic price reduction strategies as articulation development and parts sharing between company's makes. Borgward suffered quality problems as well. The Lloyd Arabella was technically advanced as a water-cooled boxer with top wheel drive, but plagued with problems for example water leakage and gearbox glitches. Lloyd lost money on the car just about the most was more expensive in comparison with its direct competitors.In 1961, the company was forced into liquidation by credit card companies. Carl Borgward died in July 1963, still insisting the company ended up technically solvent. This proved to be true from the sense that after the creditors were paid completely, there was still several. 5 million Marks left over from the business.
Stories of difficulties at Borgward surfaced within the article that appeared throughout Germany's leading news mag, “Der Spiegel” on fourteen December 1960”. The very long, detailed, and in places similar Spiegel article was highlighted by way of a picture of Borgward, cigar in mouth, on the magazine’s front cover. It was strongly vital of Carl Borgward's small business approach, and included many in the arguments later advanced to explain or justify the corporation's demise. The widest range regarding cars from any manufacturer in Germany, produced by three right up until recently operationally autonomous corporations (Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd) seemed to be supporting a turnover regarding only 650 million Grades, placing the overall sales value from the combined Borgward auto organizations only in fifth location among Germany's auto-makers. The 70-year-old Carl Borgward's "hands-on" insistence by using an increasingly manic proliferation connected with new and modified products featuring adventurous, but under-developed technological improvements ("fast manisch[e] Konstruierwut") provided rise to components which all too often did not work, broke down or fell apart, resulting in massive costs for pre-delivery remediation and/or submit delivery warranty work that found their made use of to the company.The December 1960 Spiegel article wasn't the only serious open criticism targeting Borgward at this time: suddenly stridently negative (in the event more succinct) comments also turned up in the influential mass-market Bild paper and in television reviews. Critical media commentaries likewise appeared concerning large loans to the Borgward Group provided by the local Landesbank.It is apparent the business was confronting cash-flow difficulties at the conclusion of 1960. Capital intensive businesses for instance auto manufacturing use their own expensive machines and tools most efficiently as long as they use them constantly at full capacity, but the car market in Europe inside 1950s/60s was more periodic than today, with sales diminishing with Winter, then peaking in the early summer months: Borgward’s inventory of unsold cars by the end of 1960 was higher than usual, reflecting ambitious growth options, most obviously in respect of the us market[11] The December 1960 Spiegel article speculated that with the 15, 000 Borgward cars ordered through the North American dealers throughout 1960 (and with the 12, 000 delivered to these individuals) 6, 000 might have to become taken back following a slump in United states demand. (Borgward was not the one European auto maker hit by way of a North American slump widely used for imported cars in the course of 1960. In the same year two ships carrying Renault Dauphines were turned back mid-Atlantic because the docks in Big apple were overcrowded with unsold Dauphines.
Towards the end of December 1960 Borgward approached the lending company for a further 1 million Marks of credit score, the loan to be backed by the guarantee from the Bremen regional government which initially the Bremen senators consented to provide. However, following the flood of critical press comment this senators withdrew their ensure. They now required Carl Borgward to pledge the business itself to the state in substitution for the guarantee. After a tense 13-hour meeting widely reported within a still hostile media, Borgward agreed to the particular senate’s terms on several February 1961, thereby averting the bankruptcy of the business.The Bremen Senate also insisted on appointing a unique nominee as chairman in the company’s supervisory board. The man they decided to go with was Johannes Semler whom reports generally describe as being a “Wirtschaftsprüfer” (public auditor), though this designation, especially once translated directly into English, does less than full justice towards the breadth of Semler’s job. He had studied regulation at university and worked initially as a lawyer. The scion of a number one Hamburg political family, in 1945 he had himself been a founding member of the centre-right CSU celebration, and was a member of the Bundestag between 1950 along with 1953. Despite his Hamburg sources, Semler was by this time around based in Munich, with a network of contacts from the Bavarian establishment that possibly included fellow CSU politician and the future German chancellor, Ludwig Erhard, who in 1948 had succeeded Semler in a top administrative position inside Bizone. The appointment of Johannes Semler because the representative of the Bremen senators in order to chair the Borgward supervisory panel would, in retrospect, contribute to the conflict that followed the Borgward bankruptcy.
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With 28 July 1961 Semler, as Chairman of the particular supervisory board joined the directors on the three companies Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd to instigate proceedings for your establishment of a “Vergleichsverfahren”, which would have provided for just a court sanctioned scheme of arrangement enabling the company to continue to trade while as well protecting the interests connected with creditors. [16] Two months later, however, in September 1961, the Borgward and Goliath corporations were declared bankrupt, followed in November from the Lloyd business. Subsequent “conspiracy theorists” have suggested that Semler, for reasons of his very own, never had any purpose of allowing the Borgward auto-businesses in order to survive.
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