Borgward is surely an automobile manufacturer originally launched by Carl F. W. Borgward. The original company, based in Bremen with Germany, ceased operations in the 1960s. The Borgward group developed four brands of automobiles: Borgward, Hansa, Goliath and Lloyd.The marque has considering that been revived by Carl Borgward's grand son, Christian Borgward, together with his partner Karlheinz L. Knöss, with assistance from Oriental investment, and unveiled the business's first new car with over 40 years, the BX7 at your 2015 International Motor Demonstrate.The origins of Bremen's most significant auto-business return to 1905 with the business in nearby Varel from the "Hansa Automobilgesellschaft" and the foundation in Bremen itself regarding "Namag", maker of the Lloyd automobile. These two businesses merged in 1914 in order to create the "Hansa-Lloyd-Werke A. G. ". After the war, in the troubled economic situation then confronting Germany, the business failed to prosper and because of the late 1920s faced personal bankruptcy. For Carl Borgward, already the successful creator of the Goliath-Blitzkarren business, the misfortunes of Hansa-Lloyd presented an opportunity greatly to expand the particular scope of his car business, and he took control of it.
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The very first "automobile" Carl Borgward designed was the 1924 Blitzkarren (super cart), a sort of very small three-wheeled van with only two hp (1. 5 kW), which was an enormous success available in the market gap it filled. Traders with a small budget got it for delivery. The Reichspost ordered some of them for postal service.In 1929, Borgward became the home of Hansa Lloyd AG having had time to merge his "Goliath-Werke Borgward & Co. " with "Hansa-Lloyd. The small Goliath-Blitzkarren had chances are evolved into the however three wheeler timber framed synthetic leather bodied 5 or perhaps 7 hp Goliath Pioneer. Borgward turned his care about the other businesses in addition to led the development in the Hansa Konsul. In February 1937, there came the fresh Hansa Borgward 2000 and also in 1939 the name was shortened to Borgward 2000. The 2000 model was and then the Borgward 2300that remained in production until 1942.After World War II, in 1946 Carl Borgward used a number of the brand names from corporations he had acquired over time to found three separate companies: Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd. This was intended to increase how much steel allocated to his business at a time of austerity and rationing. For many purposes the companies would be run as being a single entity, but in a business operated by way of man to whom delegation didn't come naturally the proliferation of legal entities however added unhelpful layers of complexity from the 1950s and encouraged a broadening with the range which ultimately proved financially unsustainable with the sales volumes achievable. In 1949 company presented the Borgward Hansa 1500.One of several top engineers at Borgward from 1938-1952 was Dipl. Ing. Hubert M. Meingast.Production of the Borgward Isabella begun in 1954. The Isabella would become Borgward's most favored model and remained in production to the life of the company. In 1960 the Borgward P100 had been introduced, equipped with pneumatic suspension.Borgward introduced a line of 1500 cc sports racers in the late 1950s, with the 16-valve engine from these learning to be a successful Formula Two power unit (that has been also used by a few F1 privateers in 1961).Although Borgward pioneered technical novelties in the German market such as air suspension and automated transmission, the company had trouble competing in the marketplace. While larger companies similar to Opel and VW took benefit from economies of scale as well as kept their prices low to gain market share, Borgward's cost structure was even more than necessary for its dimensions, as it basically run as four tiny independent companies and do not implemented such basic cost reduction strategies as shared development and parts sharing between the company's makes. Borgward suffered quality problems also. The Lloyd Arabella was technically advanced as a water-cooled boxer with entrance wheel drive, but plagued with problems for example water leakage and gearbox snags. Lloyd lost money on the car though it was more expensive as compared to its direct competitors.In 1961, the company was pressured into liquidation by credit card companies. Carl Borgward died in July 1963, still insisting the company ended up technically solvent. This proved to be true inside the sense that after the actual creditors were paid completely, there was still several. 5 million Marks left from the business.
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Reports of difficulties at Borgward surfaced within an article that appeared within Germany's leading news mag, “Der Spiegel” on fourteen December 1960”. The very long, detailed, and in places repeated Spiegel article was highlighted through a picture of Borgward, cigar in mouth, on the magazine’s top cover. It was strongly important of Carl Borgward's enterprise approach, and included many in the arguments later advanced to spell out or justify the company's demise. The widest range involving cars from any manufacturer in Germany, produced by three until recently operationally autonomous companies (Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd) seemed to be supporting a turnover connected with only 650 million Marks, placing the overall sales value through the combined Borgward auto corporations only in fifth place among Germany's auto-makers. The 70-year-old Carl Borgward's "hands-on" insistence with an increasingly manic proliferation connected with new and modified versions featuring adventurous, but under-developed technological improvements ("fast manisch[e] Konstruierwut") presented rise to components which too often did not work, broke down or chop down apart, resulting in massive bills for pre-delivery remediation and/or write-up delivery warranty work that found their way back to the company.The December 1960 Spiegel article had not been the only serious public criticism targeting Borgward currently: suddenly stridently negative (in the event that more succinct) comments also resulted in in the influential mass-market Bild magazine and in television accounts. Critical media commentaries furthermore appeared concerning large loans for the Borgward Group provided from the local Landesbank.It is apparent which the business was confronting cash-flow difficulties at the conclusion of 1960. Capital intensive businesses such as auto manufacturing use their expensive machines and tools most efficiently when they use them constantly at full capacity, but the car market in Europe from the 1950s/60s was more periodic than today, with sales diminishing within Winter, then peaking in the early summer months: Borgward’s inventory of unsold cars at the end of 1960 was higher than usual, reflecting ambitious growth plans, most obviously in respect of north america market[11] The December 1960 Spiegel article speculated that from the 15, 000 Borgward cars ordered by the North American dealers within 1960 (and of the 12, 000 delivered to them) 6, 000 might have to be taken back following a slump in North american demand. (Borgward was not really the only European auto maker hit with a North American slump in demand for imported cars throughout 1960. In the same season two ships carrying Renault Dauphines were turned in mid-Atlantic because the docks in Ny were overcrowded with unsold Dauphines.
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Right at the end of December 1960 Borgward approached your banker for a further 1 million Marks of credit history, the loan to be backed by way of a guarantee from the Bremen local government which initially the Bremen senators consented to provide. However, following the flood involving critical press comment your senators withdrew their assure. They now required Carl Borgward to pledge the organization itself to the state in substitution for the guarantee. After a tense 13-hour meeting widely reported in the still hostile media, Borgward agreed to your senate’s terms on four February 1961, thereby averting the bankruptcy on the business.The Bremen Senate additionally insisted on appointing its own nominee as chairman on the company’s supervisory board. The man they selected was Johannes Semler whom reports generally describe like a “Wirtschaftsprüfer” (public auditor), though this designation, especially once translated into English, does less than full justice towards the breadth of Semler’s job. He had studied legislation at university and worked initially being a lawyer. The scion of a respected Hamburg political family, in 1945 he received himself been a founding person in the centre-right CSU celebration, and was a member of the Bundestag between 1950 along with 1953. Despite his Hamburg origins, Semler was by these times based in Munich, with a network of contacts in the Bavarian establishment that probably included fellow CSU politician along with the future German chancellor, Ludwig Erhard, who in 1948 had succeeded Semler inside a top administrative position inside Bizone. The appointment of Johannes Semler since the representative of the Bremen senators for you to chair the Borgward supervisory panel would, in retrospect, contribute to the debate that followed the Borgward personal bankruptcy.
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In 28 July 1961 Semler, as Chairman of the particular supervisory board joined the directors from the three companies Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd to instigate proceedings for that establishment of a “Vergleichsverfahren”, which would have provided for any court sanctioned scheme of arrangement enabling this company to continue to trade while simultaneously protecting the interests connected with creditors. [16] Two months in the future, however, in September 1961, the Borgward and Goliath firms were declared bankrupt, followed in November by the Lloyd business. Subsequent “conspiracy theorists” include suggested that Semler, for reasons of his very own, never had any intent of allowing the Borgward auto-businesses to help survive.
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