Borgward is usually an automobile manufacturer originally launched by Carl F. W. Borgward. The original company, based in Bremen inside Germany, ceased operations in the 1960s. The Borgward group produced four brands of cars: Borgward, Hansa, Goliath and Lloyd.The marque has since been revived by Carl Borgward's son, Christian Borgward, together with his lover Karlheinz L. Knöss, with assistance from Chinese language investment, and unveiled the business's first new car throughout over 40 years, the BX7 at this 2015 International Motor Indicate.The origins of Bremen's most significant auto-business go back to 1905 with the business in nearby Varel of the "Hansa Automobilgesellschaft" and the walls in Bremen itself associated with "Namag", maker of the Lloyd vehicle. These two businesses merged in 1914 in order to create the "Hansa-Lloyd-Werke A. G. ". After the war, in the troubled economic situation then confronting Germany, the business failed to prosper and because of the late 1920s faced bankruptcy. For Carl Borgward, already the successful creator from the Goliath-Blitzkarren business, the misfortunes of Hansa-Lloyd presented a chance greatly to expand the particular scope of his car business, and he took control of computer.
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The initial "automobile" Carl Borgward developed was the 1924 Blitzkarren (turbo cart), a sort of teeny three-wheeled van with a couple of hp (1. 5 kW), which was an enormous success available in the market gap it filled. Traders with a small budget purchased for delivery. The Reichspost ordered many of them for postal service.In 1929, Borgward became the representative of Hansa Lloyd AG having gotten to merge his "Goliath-Werke Borgward & Co. " with "Hansa-Lloyd. The small Goliath-Blitzkarren had can't evolved into the however three wheeler timber presented synthetic leather bodied 5 as well as 7 hp Goliath Leader. Borgward turned his awareness of the other businesses in addition to led the development from the Hansa Konsul. In February 1937, there came the new Hansa Borgward 2000 as well as in 1939 the label was shortened to Borgward 2000. The 2000 model was as well as the Borgward 2300that remained in production until 1942.After World War II, in 1946 Carl Borgward used a lot of the brand names from corporations he had acquired over time to found three separate companies: Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd. This was intended to increase the number of steel allocated to his business at any given time of austerity and rationing. For many purposes the firms would be run as a single entity, but in a business operated by way of a man to whom delegation would not come naturally the spreading of legal entities however added unhelpful layers of complexity over the 1950s and encouraged a broadening of the range which ultimately proved financially unsustainable with the sales volumes achievable. In 1949 company presented the Borgward Hansa 1500.Among the top engineers at Borgward via 1938-1952 was Dipl. Ing. Hubert M. Meingast.Production of the Borgward Isabella commenced in 1954. The Isabella would become Borgward's most widely used model and remained in production for that life of the organization. In 1960 the Borgward P100 had been introduced, equipped with pneumatic suspension.Borgward introduced a type of 1500 cc sports racers from the late 1950s, with the 16-valve engine from these learning to be a successful Formula Two power unit (which was also used by a few F1 privateers in 1961).Although Borgward pioneered technical novelties within the German market such because air suspension and intelligent transmission, the company had trouble competing out there. While larger companies like Opel and VW took good thing about economies of scale as well as kept their prices low to achieve market share, Borgward's cost structure was even above necessary for its sizing, as it basically controlled as four tiny independent companies rather than implemented such basic price reduction strategies as articulation development and parts sharing relating to the company's makes. Borgward suffered quality problems at the same time. The Lloyd Arabella was technically advanced as being a water-cooled boxer with entry wheel drive, but plagued with problems for instance water leakage and gearbox glitches. Lloyd lost money on the car although it was more expensive when compared with its direct competitors.In 1961, the company was pressured into liquidation by lenders. Carl Borgward died with July 1963, still insisting the company ended up technically solvent. This proved to be true from the sense that after the particular creditors were paid entirely, there was still several. 5 million Marks left over from the business.
Studies of difficulties at Borgward surfaced within an article that appeared with Germany's leading news mag, “Der Spiegel” on 15 December 1960”. The very long, detailed, and in places repeated Spiegel article was highlighted through a picture of Borgward, cigar in mouth, on the magazine’s front cover. It was strongly critical of Carl Borgward's organization approach, and included many in the arguments later advanced to spellout or justify the company's demise. The widest range associated with cars from any manufacturer in Germany, produced by three till recently operationally autonomous companies (Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd) was supporting a turnover associated with only 650 million Grades, placing the overall sales value in the combined Borgward auto corporations only in fifth situation among Germany's auto-makers. The 70-year-old Carl Borgward's "hands-on" insistence with an increasingly manic proliferation involving new and modified designs featuring adventurous, but under-developed technological innovative developments ("fast manisch[e] Konstruierwut") afforded rise to components which too often did not work, broke down or droped apart, resulting in massive charges for pre-delivery remediation and/or publish delivery warranty work that found their long ago to the company.The December 1960 Spiegel article hasn't been the only serious community criticism targeting Borgward currently: suddenly stridently negative (in case more succinct) comments also turned up in the influential mass-market Bild classifieds and in television accounts. Critical media commentaries in addition appeared concerning large loans towards the Borgward Group provided through the local Landesbank.It is apparent that the business was confronting cash-flow difficulties at the conclusion of 1960. Capital intensive businesses for example auto manufacturing use his or her expensive machines and tools most efficiently if they use them constantly at full capacity, but the car market in Europe inside the 1950s/60s was more in season than today, with sales diminishing with Winter, then peaking in the first summer months: Borgward’s inventory of unsold cars right at the end of 1960 was greater than usual, reflecting ambitious growth ideas, most obviously in respect of america market[11] The December 1960 Spiegel article speculated that of the 15, 000 Borgward cars ordered from the North American dealers with 1960 (and of the 12, 000 delivered to these individuals) 6, 000 might have to be taken back following a slump in North american demand. (Borgward was not the only real European auto maker hit by way of North American slump sought after for imported cars in the course of 1960. In the same yr two ships carrying Renault Dauphines were turned back mid-Atlantic because the docks in New york were overcrowded with unsold Dauphines.
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By the end of December 1960 Borgward approached the bank for a further one million Marks of credit, the loan to be backed by a guarantee from the Bremen regional government which initially the Bremen senators opted for provide. However, following the flood connected with critical press comment the particular senators withdrew their promise. They now required Carl Borgward to pledge the business itself to the state in return for the guarantee. After a tense 13-hour meeting widely reported in the still hostile media, Borgward agreed to your senate’s terms on 5 February 1961, thereby averting the bankruptcy in the business.The Bremen Senate also insisted on appointing a nominee as chairman with the company’s supervisory board. The man they selected was Johannes Semler whom reports generally describe as a “Wirtschaftsprüfer” (public auditor), though this designation, especially once translated into English, does less than full justice towards the breadth of Semler’s job. He had studied rules at university and worked initially as a lawyer. The scion of a respected Hamburg political family, in 1945 he got himself been a founding member of the centre-right CSU party, and was a member of the Bundestag between 1950 and 1953. Despite his Hamburg beginning, Semler was by this time around based in Munich, with a network of contacts inside the Bavarian establishment that possibly included fellow CSU politician along with the future German chancellor, Ludwig Erhard, who in 1948 had succeeded Semler in a top administrative position inside Bizone. The appointment of Johannes Semler since the representative of the Bremen senators to help chair the Borgward supervisory board would, in retrospect, contribute to the controversy that followed the Borgward individual bankruptcy.
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Upon 28 July 1961 Semler, as Chairman of this supervisory board joined the directors with the three companies Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd to instigate proceedings for your establishment of a “Vergleichsverfahren”, which would have provided for the court sanctioned scheme of arrangement enabling the business enterprise to continue to trade while simultaneously protecting the interests of creditors. [16] Two months later, however, in September 1961, the Borgward and Goliath companies were declared bankrupt, followed in November with the Lloyd business. Subsequent “conspiracy theorists” have suggested that Semler, for reasons of his own, never had any intention of allowing the Borgward auto-businesses in order to survive.
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