Borgward is an automobile manufacturer originally started by Carl F. W. Borgward. The original company, based in Bremen in Germany, ceased operations in your 1960s. The Borgward group produced four brands of cars: Borgward, Hansa, Goliath and Lloyd.The marque has due to the fact been revived by Carl Borgward's grandson, Christian Borgward, together with his lover Karlheinz L. Knöss, with assistance from Chinese investment, and unveiled the business's first new car inside over 40 years, the BX7 at the 2015 International Motor Present.The origins of Bremen's most significant auto-business go back to 1905 with the business in nearby Varel on the "Hansa Automobilgesellschaft" and the building blocks in Bremen itself associated with "Namag", maker of the Lloyd car. These two businesses merged in 1914 to form the "Hansa-Lloyd-Werke A. G. ". After the war, in the troubled financial situation then confronting Germany, the business failed to prosper and from the late 1920s faced bankruptcy. For Carl Borgward, already the successful creator on the Goliath-Blitzkarren business, the misfortunes of Hansa-Lloyd presented a possibility greatly to expand your scope of his vehicle business, and he took control from it.
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The initial "automobile" Carl Borgward intended was the 1924 Blitzkarren (super cart), a sort of small three-wheeled van with two hp (1. 5 kW), which was an enormous success already in the market gap it filled. Traders with a small budget bought it for delivery. The Reichspost ordered many of them for postal service.In 1929, Borgward became the representative of Hansa Lloyd AG having gotten to merge his "Goliath-Werke Borgward & Co. " with "Hansa-Lloyd. The small Goliath-Blitzkarren had chances are evolved into the nevertheless three wheeler timber presented synthetic leather bodied 5 or perhaps 7 hp Goliath Founder. Borgward turned his awareness of the other businesses and also led the development on the Hansa Konsul. In February 1937, there came the new Hansa Borgward 2000 and in 1939 the label was shortened to Borgward 2000. The 2000 model was accompanied by the Borgward 2300that always been in production until 1942.After World War II, in 1946 Carl Borgward used some of the brand names from firms he had acquired over the years to found three separate companies: Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd. This was intended to increase the quality of steel allocated to his business at a time of austerity and rationing. For many purposes the companies would be run as being a single entity, but in a business operated with a man to whom delegation wouldn't come naturally the growth of legal entities nevertheless added unhelpful layers of complexity from the 1950s and encouraged a broadening from the range which finally proved financially unsustainable with all the sales volumes achievable. In 1949 company displayed the Borgward Hansa 1500.One of several top engineers at Borgward coming from 1938-1952 was Dipl. Ing. Hubert M. Meingast.Production of the Borgward Isabella begun in 1954. The Isabella would become Borgward's most in-demand model and remained in production to the life of the organization. In 1960 the Borgward P100 was introduced, equipped with pneumatic suspension.Borgward introduced a distinctive line of 1500 cc sports racers inside late 1950s, with the 16-valve engine from these being a successful Formula Two power unit (that has been also used by several F1 privateers in 1961).Although Borgward pioneered technical novelties inside the German market such while air suspension and computerized transmission, the company had trouble competing in the market. While larger companies just like Opel and VW took benefit from economies of scale along with kept their prices low to get market share, Borgward's cost structure was even above necessary for its measurement, as it basically managed as four tiny independent companies and not implemented such basic charge reduction strategies as joint development and parts sharing between your company's makes. Borgward suffered quality problems likewise. The Lloyd Arabella was technically advanced as a water-cooled boxer with front wheel drive, but plagued with problems for instance water leakage and gearbox secrets. Lloyd lost money on the car although it was more expensive than its direct competitors.In 1961, the company was forced into liquidation by collectors. Carl Borgward died within July 1963, still insisting the company have been technically solvent. This proved to be true from the sense that after the particular creditors were paid completely, there was still four. 5 million Marks remaining from the business.
Reviews of difficulties at Borgward surfaced within an article that appeared inside Germany's leading news mag, “Der Spiegel” on 18 December 1960”. The very long, detailed, and in places repeating Spiegel article was highlighted by way of a picture of Borgward, cigar in mouth, on the magazine’s front cover. It was strongly crucial of Carl Borgward's organization approach, and included many in the arguments later advanced to explain or justify the corporation's demise. The widest range involving cars from any producer in Germany, produced by three until finally recently operationally autonomous organizations (Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd) had been supporting a turnover regarding only 650 million Grades, placing the overall sales value from the combined Borgward auto companies only in fifth position among Germany's auto-makers. The 70-year-old Carl Borgward's "hands-on" insistence on an increasingly manic proliferation connected with new and modified products featuring adventurous, but under-developed technological inventions ("fast manisch[e] Konstruierwut") gave rise to components which too much did not work, broke down or chop down apart, resulting in massive charges for pre-delivery remediation and/or submit delivery warranty work that found their sources that are to the company.The December 1960 Spiegel article was not the only serious open public criticism targeting Borgward right now: suddenly stridently negative (if more succinct) comments also turned up in the influential mass-market Bild newspaper and in television studies. Critical media commentaries additionally appeared concerning large loans to the Borgward Group provided through the local Landesbank.It is apparent the business was confronting cash-flow difficulties at the conclusion of 1960. Capital intensive businesses including auto manufacturing use their expensive machines and tools most efficiently if they use them constantly from full capacity, but the car market in Europe within the 1950s/60s was more temporary than today, with sales diminishing within Winter, then peaking in the early summer months: Borgward’s inventory of unsold cars by the end of 1960 was higher than usual, reflecting ambitious growth programs, most obviously in respect of the usa market[11] The December 1960 Spiegel article speculated that of the 15, 000 Borgward cars ordered from the North American dealers inside 1960 (and with the 12, 000 delivered to them) 6, 000 might have being taken back following a slump in American demand. (Borgward was not the only real European auto maker hit by the North American slump in demand for imported cars during 1960. In the same 12 months two ships carrying Renault Dauphines were turned back mid-Atlantic because the docks in Nyc were overcrowded with unsold Dauphines.
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At the end of December 1960 Borgward approached the lender for a further 1 million Marks of credit history, the loan to be backed by the guarantee from the Bremen regional government which initially the Bremen senators decided provide. However, following the flood involving critical press comment your senators withdrew their ensure. They now required Carl Borgward to pledge this company itself to the state in substitution for the guarantee. After a tense 13-hour meeting widely reported in a still hostile media, Borgward agreed to this senate’s terms on 5 February 1961, thereby averting the bankruptcy in the business.The Bremen Senate in addition insisted on appointing its nominee as chairman in the company’s supervisory board. The man they selected was Johannes Semler whom reports generally describe like a “Wirtschaftsprüfer” (public auditor), though this designation, especially once translated in to English, does less than full justice for the breadth of Semler’s profession. He had studied regulation at university and worked initially as a lawyer. The scion of a top Hamburg political family, in 1945 he had himself been a founding person in the centre-right CSU get together, and was a person in the Bundestag between 1950 and also 1953. Despite his Hamburg origins, Semler was by this time based in Munich, with a network of contacts within the Bavarian establishment that probably included fellow CSU politician as well as the future German chancellor, Ludwig Erhard, who in 1948 had succeeded Semler in the top administrative position in the Bizone. The appointment of Johannes Semler since the representative of the Bremen senators in order to chair the Borgward supervisory panel would, in retrospect, contribute to the controversy that followed the Borgward bankruptcy.
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In 28 July 1961 Semler, as Chairman of the particular supervisory board joined the directors in the three companies Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd to instigate proceedings with the establishment of a “Vergleichsverfahren”, which would have provided for the court sanctioned scheme of arrangement enabling the business to continue to trade while concurrently protecting the interests involving creditors. [16] Two months after, however, in September 1961, the Borgward and Goliath companies were declared bankrupt, followed in November through the Lloyd business. Subsequent “conspiracy theorists” get suggested that Semler, for reasons of his own, never had any purpose of allowing the Borgward auto-businesses to survive.
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