Borgward is usually an automobile manufacturer originally set up by Carl F. W. Borgward. The original company, based in Bremen with Germany, ceased operations in the 1960s. The Borgward group produced four brands of automobiles: Borgward, Hansa, Goliath and Lloyd.The marque has because been revived by Carl Borgward's son, Christian Borgward, together with his lover Karlheinz L. Knöss, with assistance from Chinese investment, and unveiled the businesses first new car within over 40 years, the BX7 at this 2015 International Motor Demonstrate.The origins of Bremen's most significant auto-business get back to 1905 with the business in nearby Varel in the "Hansa Automobilgesellschaft" and the inspiration in Bremen itself connected with "Namag", maker of the Lloyd auto. These two businesses merged in 1914 to make the "Hansa-Lloyd-Werke A. G. ". After the war, in the troubled economy then confronting Germany, the business failed to prosper and by the late 1920s faced individual bankruptcy. For Carl Borgward, already the successful creator in the Goliath-Blitzkarren business, the misfortunes of Hansa-Lloyd presented a chance greatly to expand the actual scope of his automotive business, and he took control of it.
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The very first "automobile" Carl Borgward made was the 1924 Blitzkarren (lightning cart), a sort of tiny three-wheeled van with 3 hp (1. 5 kW), which was an enormous success already in the market gap it filled. Traders with a small budget purchased for delivery. The Reichspost ordered many for postal service.In 1929, Borgward became the director of Hansa Lloyd AG having had time to merge his "Goliath-Werke Borgward & Company. " with "Hansa-Lloyd. The small Goliath-Blitzkarren had chances are evolved into the however three wheeler timber presented synthetic leather bodied 5 or maybe 7 hp Goliath Leading. Borgward turned his care about the other businesses and led the development with the Hansa Konsul. In February 1937, there came the brand new Hansa Borgward 2000 and also in 1939 the title was shortened to Borgward 2000. The 2000 model was then the Borgward 2300that stayed in production until 1942.After World War II, in 1946 Carl Borgward used a few of the brand names from companies he had acquired over the years to found three distinct companies: Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd. This was intended to increase the quantity of steel allocated to his business at the same time of austerity and rationing. For many purposes the companies would be run like a single entity, but in a business operated by way of a man to whom delegation didn't come naturally the growth of legal entities nevertheless added unhelpful layers of complexity with the 1950s and encouraged a broadening in the range which finally proved financially unsustainable while using sales volumes achievable. In 1949 company introduced the Borgward Hansa 1500.On the list of top engineers at Borgward coming from 1938-1952 was Dipl. Ing. Hubert M. Meingast.Production of the Borgward Isabella begun in 1954. The Isabella would become Borgward's most popular model and remained in production to the life of the business. In 1960 the Borgward P100 was introduced, equipped with pneumatic suspension.Borgward introduced a brand of 1500 cc sports racers in the late 1950s, with the 16-valve engine from these learning to be a successful Formula Two power unit (which has been also used by a few F1 privateers in 1961).Although Borgward pioneered technical novelties within the German market such seeing that air suspension and programmed transmission, the company had trouble competing available on the market. While larger companies such as Opel and VW took benefit from economies of scale as well as kept their prices low to find market share, Borgward's cost structure was even above necessary for its measurement, as it basically operated as four tiny independent companies and not implemented such basic expense reduction strategies as joint development and parts sharing between the company's makes. Borgward suffered quality problems too. The Lloyd Arabella was technically advanced like a water-cooled boxer with top wheel drive, but plagued with problems such as water leakage and gearbox glitches. Lloyd lost money on the car community . was more expensive than its direct competitors.In 1961, the company was required into liquidation by credit card companies. Carl Borgward died throughout July 1963, still insisting the company were being technically solvent. This proved to be true inside the sense that after your creditors were paid completely, there was still some. 5 million Marks remaining from the business.
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Accounts of difficulties at Borgward surfaced within an article that appeared within Germany's leading news publication, “Der Spiegel” on fourteen December 1960”. The very long, detailed, and in places repetitive Spiegel article was highlighted through a picture of Borgward, cigar in mouth, on the magazine’s the front cover. It was strongly critical of Carl Borgward's company approach, and included many of the arguments later advanced to explain or justify the company's demise. The widest range associated with cars from any producer in Germany, produced by three until finally recently operationally autonomous corporations (Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd) ended up being supporting a turnover involving only 650 million Represents, placing the overall sales value in the combined Borgward auto organizations only in fifth placement among Germany's auto-makers. The 70-year-old Carl Borgward's "hands-on" insistence with an increasingly manic proliferation connected with new and modified types featuring adventurous, but under-developed technological improvements ("fast manisch[e] Konstruierwut") offered rise to components which too often did not work, broke down or fell apart, resulting in massive charges for pre-delivery remediation and/or publish delivery warranty work that found their long ago to the company.The December 1960 Spiegel article hasn't been the only serious open criticism targeting Borgward currently: suddenly stridently negative (in case more succinct) comments also turned up in the influential mass-market Bild classifieds and in television reviews. Critical media commentaries also appeared concerning large loans towards the Borgward Group provided by the local Landesbank.It is apparent how the business was confronting cash-flow difficulties by the end of 1960. Capital intensive businesses including auto manufacturing use his or her expensive machines and tools most efficiently whenever they use them constantly from full capacity, but the car market in Europe in the 1950s/60s was more seasonal than today, with sales diminishing with Winter, then peaking in the early summer months: Borgward’s inventory of unsold cars at the conclusion of 1960 was higher than usual, reflecting ambitious growth options, most obviously in respect of the us market[11] The December 1960 Spiegel article speculated that with the 15, 000 Borgward cars ordered with the North American dealers with 1960 (and with the 12, 000 delivered to all of them) 6, 000 might have for being taken back following a slump in Us demand. (Borgward was not really the only European auto maker hit by way of North American slump widely used for imported cars through 1960. In the same season two ships carrying Renault Dauphines were turned the government financial aid mid-Atlantic because the docks in Nyc were overcrowded with unsold Dauphines.
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Right at the end of December 1960 Borgward approached the bank for a further 1 million Marks of credit, the loan to be backed by way of guarantee from the Bremen regional government which initially the Bremen senators decided provide. However, following the flood of critical press comment your senators withdrew their promise. They now required Carl Borgward to pledge the business itself to the state in substitution for the guarantee. After a tense 13-hour meeting widely reported inside a still hostile media, Borgward agreed to the actual senate’s terms on several February 1961, thereby averting the bankruptcy on the business.The Bremen Senate additionally insisted on appointing its own nominee as chairman from the company’s supervisory board. The man they select was Johannes Semler who reports generally describe like a “Wirtschaftsprüfer” (public auditor), though this designation, especially once translated in to English, does less than full justice on the breadth of Semler’s profession. He had studied regulation at university and worked initially to be a lawyer. The scion of a top Hamburg political family, in 1945 he experienced himself been a founding member of the centre-right CSU bash, and was a member of the Bundestag between 1950 and also 1953. Despite his Hamburg roots, Semler was by on this occasion based in Munich, with a network of contacts inside the Bavarian establishment that likely included fellow CSU politician and the future German chancellor, Ludwig Erhard, who in 1948 had succeeded Semler within a top administrative position inside Bizone. The appointment of Johannes Semler as the representative of the Bremen senators to chair the Borgward supervisory mother board would, in retrospect, contribute to the conflict that followed the Borgward personal bankruptcy.
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Upon 28 July 1961 Semler, as Chairman of your supervisory board joined the directors with the three companies Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd to instigate proceedings for the establishment of a “Vergleichsverfahren”, which would have provided for just a court sanctioned scheme of arrangement enabling this company to continue to trade while at the same time protecting the interests associated with creditors. [16] Two months later on, however, in September 1961, the Borgward and Goliath organizations were declared bankrupt, followed in November from the Lloyd business. Subsequent “conspiracy theorists” get suggested that Semler, for reasons of his very own, never had any goal of allowing the Borgward auto-businesses in order to survive.
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