Borgward is usually an automobile manufacturer originally launched by Carl F. W. Borgward. The original company, based in Bremen with Germany, ceased operations in the particular 1960s. The Borgward group generated four brands of autos: Borgward, Hansa, Goliath and Lloyd.The marque has since been revived by Carl Borgward's son, Christian Borgward, together with his associate Karlheinz L. Knöss, with assistance from China investment, and unveiled the firm's first new car throughout over 40 years, the BX7 at the 2015 International Motor Demonstrate.The origins of Bremen's most significant auto-business get back to 1905 with the organization in nearby Varel from the "Hansa Automobilgesellschaft" and the building blocks in Bremen itself regarding "Namag", maker of the Lloyd automobile. These two businesses merged in 1914 to the "Hansa-Lloyd-Werke A. G. ". After the war, in the troubled economic situation then confronting Germany, the business failed to prosper and by the late 1920s faced chapter 7. For Carl Borgward, already the successful creator of the Goliath-Blitzkarren business, the misfortunes of Hansa-Lloyd presented an opportunity greatly to expand this scope of his car business, and he took control than it.
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The 1st "automobile" Carl Borgward made was the 1924 Blitzkarren (super cart), a sort of tiny three-wheeled van with a couple of hp (1. 5 kW), which was an enormous success out there gap it filled. Traders with a small budget bought it for delivery. The Reichspost ordered some of them for postal service.In 1929, Borgward became the director of Hansa Lloyd AG having had the opportunity to merge his "Goliath-Werke Borgward & Co. " with "Hansa-Lloyd. The small Goliath-Blitzkarren had by now evolved into the nonetheless three wheeler timber framed synthetic leather bodied 5 or even 7 hp Goliath Leading. Borgward turned his attention to the other businesses and also led the development from the Hansa Konsul. In February 1937, there came the brand new Hansa Borgward 2000 as well as in 1939 the label was shortened to Borgward 2000. The 2000 model was and then the Borgward 2300that continued in production until 1942.After World War II, in 1946 Carl Borgward used many of the brand names from corporations he had acquired over the years to found three independent companies: Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd. This was intended to increase the quality of steel allocated to his business at a time of austerity and rationing. For many purposes nokia's would be run as being a single entity, but in a business operated by a man to whom delegation would not come naturally the spreading of legal entities however added unhelpful layers of complexity through the 1950s and encouraged a broadening on the range which ultimately proved financially unsustainable with all the sales volumes achievable. In 1949 company displayed the Borgward Hansa 1500.On the list of top engineers at Borgward by 1938-1952 was Dipl. Ing. Hubert M. Meingast.Production of the Borgward Isabella began in 1954. The Isabella would become Borgward's most favored model and remained in production for the life of the company. In 1960 the Borgward P100 ended up being introduced, equipped with pneumatic suspension.Borgward introduced a type of 1500 cc sports racers within the late 1950s, with the 16-valve engine from these becoming a successful Formula Two power unit (which has been also used by many F1 privateers in 1961).Although Borgward pioneered technical novelties within the German market such seeing that air suspension and programmed transmission, the company had trouble competing in the marketplace. While larger companies just like Opel and VW took advantage of economies of scale along with kept their prices low to find market share, Borgward's cost structure was even beyond necessary for its sizing, as it basically controlled as four tiny independent companies and do not implemented such basic price tag reduction strategies as combined development and parts sharing involving the company's makes. Borgward suffered quality problems as well. The Lloyd Arabella was technically advanced as being a water-cooled boxer with entrance wheel drive, but plagued with problems such as water leakage and gearbox mistakes. Lloyd lost money on the car just about the most was more expensive as compared to its direct competitors.In 1961, the company was compelled into liquidation by collectors. Carl Borgward died with July 1963, still insisting the company had been technically solvent. This proved to be true inside sense that after the particular creditors were paid in full, there was still 4. 5 million Marks remaining from the business.
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Stories of difficulties at Borgward surfaced within the article that appeared throughout Germany's leading news newspaper, “Der Spiegel” on 14 December 1960”. The very long, detailed, and in places repetitive Spiegel article was highlighted by way of a picture of Borgward, cigar in mouth, on the magazine’s the front cover. It was strongly essential of Carl Borgward's enterprise approach, and included many in the arguments later advanced to explain or justify the businesses demise. The widest range connected with cars from any maker in Germany, produced by three until recently operationally autonomous businesses (Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd) had been supporting a turnover of only 650 million Signifies, placing the overall sales value on the combined Borgward auto companies only in fifth situation among Germany's auto-makers. The 70-year-old Carl Borgward's "hands-on" insistence while on an increasingly manic proliferation regarding new and modified types featuring adventurous, but under-developed technological innovations ("fast manisch[e] Konstruierwut") presented rise to components which many times did not work, broke down or fell into apart, resulting in massive costs for pre-delivery remediation and/or write-up delivery warranty work that found their made use of to the company.The December 1960 Spiegel article hasn't been the only serious public criticism targeting Borgward presently: suddenly stridently negative (in case more succinct) comments also resulted in in the influential mass-market Bild paper and in television studies. Critical media commentaries also appeared concerning large loans towards Borgward Group provided from the local Landesbank.It is apparent the business was confronting cash-flow difficulties right at the end of 1960. Capital intensive businesses for instance auto manufacturing use his or her expensive machines and tools most efficiently when they use them constantly from full capacity, but the car market in Europe from the 1950s/60s was more periodic than today, with sales diminishing within Winter, then peaking in early summer months: Borgward’s inventory of unsold cars at the conclusion of 1960 was greater than usual, reflecting ambitious growth programs, most obviously in respect of north america market[11] The December 1960 Spiegel article speculated that on the 15, 000 Borgward cars ordered by the North American dealers throughout 1960 (and with the 12, 000 delivered to these) 6, 000 might have for being taken back following a slump in United states demand. (Borgward was not the sole European auto maker hit by the North American slump widely used for imported cars during 1960. In the same 12 months two ships carrying Renault Dauphines were turned last mid-Atlantic because the docks in The big apple were overcrowded with unsold Dauphines.
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At the end of December 1960 Borgward approached the lender for a further 1 million Marks of credit rating, the loan to be backed by the guarantee from the Bremen local government which initially the Bremen senators decided to provide. However, following the flood regarding critical press comment the senators withdrew their assurance. They now required Carl Borgward to pledge the corporation itself to the state in substitution for the guarantee. After a tense 13-hour meeting widely reported in a still hostile media, Borgward agreed to your senate’s terms on several February 1961, thereby averting the bankruptcy in the business.The Bremen Senate also insisted on appointing its nominee as chairman with the company’s supervisory board. The man they decided to go with was Johannes Semler which reports generally describe as a “Wirtschaftsprüfer” (public auditor), though this designation, especially once translated into English, does less than full justice to the breadth of Semler’s career. He had studied legislation at university and worked initially to be a lawyer. The scion of a leading Hamburg political family, in 1945 he had himself been a founding member of the centre-right CSU party, and was a member of the Bundestag between 1950 and 1953. Despite his Hamburg roots, Semler was by this time based in Munich, with a network of contacts inside the Bavarian establishment that most likely included fellow CSU politician along with the future German chancellor, Ludwig Erhard, who in 1948 had succeeded Semler within a top administrative position from the Bizone. The appointment of Johannes Semler for the reason that representative of the Bremen senators to help chair the Borgward supervisory panel would, in retrospect, contribute to the dispute that followed the Borgward individual bankruptcy.
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About 28 July 1961 Semler, as Chairman of the particular supervisory board joined the directors of the three companies Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd to instigate proceedings to the establishment of a “Vergleichsverfahren”, which would have provided for any court sanctioned scheme of arrangement enabling the business to continue to trade while as well protecting the interests regarding creditors. [16] Two months afterwards, however, in September 1961, the Borgward and Goliath organizations were declared bankrupt, followed in November through the Lloyd business. Subsequent “conspiracy theorists” have suggested that Semler, for reasons of their own, never had any intent of allowing the Borgward auto-businesses to help survive.
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