Borgward is definitely an automobile manufacturer originally started by Carl F. W. Borgward. The original company, based in Bremen throughout Germany, ceased operations in this 1960s. The Borgward group produced four brands of autos: Borgward, Hansa, Goliath and Lloyd.The marque has since been revived by Carl Borgward's grand son, Christian Borgward, together with his spouse Karlheinz L. Knöss, with assistance from China investment, and unveiled the firm's first new car with over 40 years, the BX7 at the 2015 International Motor Demonstrate.The origins of Bremen's most significant auto-business get back to 1905 with the organization in nearby Varel with the "Hansa Automobilgesellschaft" and the building blocks in Bremen itself involving "Namag", maker of the Lloyd vehicle. These two businesses merged in 1914 to form the "Hansa-Lloyd-Werke A. G. ". After the war, in the troubled economy then confronting Germany, the business failed to prosper and through the late 1920s faced a bankruptcy proceeding. For Carl Borgward, already the successful creator in the Goliath-Blitzkarren business, the misfortunes of Hansa-Lloyd presented a chance greatly to expand the scope of his automotive business, and he took control than it.
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The primary "automobile" Carl Borgward created was the 1924 Blitzkarren (lightning cart), a sort of teeny three-wheeled van with a couple of hp (1. 5 kW), which was an enormous success already in the market gap it filled. Traders with a small budget ordered for delivery. The Reichspost ordered quite a few for postal service.In 1929, Borgward became the director of Hansa Lloyd AG having had the opportunity to merge his "Goliath-Werke Borgward & Co. " with "Hansa-Lloyd. The small Goliath-Blitzkarren had chances are evolved into the still three wheeler timber presented synthetic leather bodied 5 or perhaps 7 hp Goliath Leader. Borgward turned his focus on the other businesses and led the development of the Hansa Konsul. In February 1937, there came the fresh Hansa Borgward 2000 along with in 1939 the brand was shortened to Borgward 2000. The 2000 model was accompanied by the Borgward 2300that stayed in production until 1942.After World War II, in 1946 Carl Borgward used a few of the brand names from organizations he had acquired in the past to found three distinct companies: Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd. This was intended to increase how much steel allocated to his business at the same time of austerity and rationing. For many purposes nokia's would be run as being a single entity, but in a business operated by way of man to whom delegation wouldn't come naturally the proliferation of legal entities however added unhelpful layers of complexity through the 1950s and encouraged a broadening of the range which ultimately proved financially unsustainable with the sales volumes achievable. In 1949 company presented the Borgward Hansa 1500.One of several top engineers at Borgward from 1938-1952 was Dipl. Ing. Hubert M. Meingast.Production of the Borgward Isabella begun in 1954. The Isabella would become Borgward's hottest model and remained in production for your life of the business. In 1960 the Borgward P100 ended up being introduced, equipped with pneumatic suspension.Borgward introduced a distinct 1500 cc sports racers within the late 1950s, with the 16-valve engine from these learning to be a successful Formula Two power unit (which has been also used by a number of F1 privateers in 1961).Although Borgward pioneered technical novelties inside the German market such as air suspension and intelligent transmission, the company had trouble competing in the marketplace. While larger companies similar to Opel and VW took good thing about economies of scale as well as kept their prices low to get market share, Borgward's cost structure was even above necessary for its sizing, as it basically controlled as four tiny independent companies and do not implemented such basic cost reduction strategies as mutual development and parts sharing between company's makes. Borgward suffered quality problems as well. The Lloyd Arabella was technically advanced as a water-cooled boxer with front wheel drive, but plagued with problems such as water leakage and gearbox snags. Lloyd lost money on the car community . was more expensive as compared to its direct competitors.In 1961, the company was forced into liquidation by collectors. Carl Borgward died with July 1963, still insisting the company had been technically solvent. This proved to be true inside sense that after the particular creditors were paid 100 %, there was still 4. 5 million Marks remaining from the business.
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Stories of difficulties at Borgward surfaced within an article that appeared in Germany's leading news newspaper, “Der Spiegel” on 14 December 1960”. The very long, detailed, and in places repetitive Spiegel article was highlighted by way of a picture of Borgward, cigar in mouth, on the magazine’s the front cover. It was strongly vital of Carl Borgward's organization approach, and included many of the arguments later advanced to describe or justify the business's demise. The widest range associated with cars from any supplier in Germany, produced by three right up until recently operationally autonomous organizations (Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd) has been supporting a turnover connected with only 650 million Scars, placing the overall sales value on the combined Borgward auto businesses only in fifth position among Germany's auto-makers. The 70-year-old Carl Borgward's "hands-on" insistence while on an increasingly manic proliferation associated with new and modified products featuring adventurous, but under-developed technological innovative developments ("fast manisch[e] Konstruierwut") gave rise to components which too often did not work, broke down or droped apart, resulting in massive charges for pre-delivery remediation and/or publish delivery warranty work that found their way back to the company.The December 1960 Spiegel article has not been the only serious public criticism targeting Borgward presently: suddenly stridently negative (when more succinct) comments also turned up in the influential mass-market Bild newspapers and in television accounts. Critical media commentaries furthermore appeared concerning large loans towards the Borgward Group provided from the local Landesbank.It is apparent the business was confronting cash-flow difficulties towards the end of 1960. Capital intensive businesses including auto manufacturing use their particular expensive machines and tools most efficiently when they use them constantly with full capacity, but the car market in Europe within the 1950s/60s was more seasonal than today, with sales diminishing throughout Winter, then peaking in early summer months: Borgward’s inventory of unsold cars at the conclusion of 1960 was beyond usual, reflecting ambitious growth ideas, most obviously in respect of america market[11] The December 1960 Spiegel article speculated that with the 15, 000 Borgward cars ordered from the North American dealers within 1960 (and with the 12, 000 delivered to these) 6, 000 might have to be taken back following a slump in North american demand. (Borgward was not the sole European auto maker hit by way of North American slump widely used for imported cars through 1960. In the same calendar year two ships carrying Renault Dauphines were turned the government financial aid mid-Atlantic because the docks in Ny were overcrowded with unsold Dauphines.
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At the conclusion of December 1960 Borgward approached the lending company for a further just one million Marks of credit history, the loan to be backed by the guarantee from the Bremen local government which initially the Bremen senators opted for provide. However, following the flood associated with critical press comment your senators withdrew their guarantee. They now required Carl Borgward to pledge the company itself to the state in return for the guarantee. After a tense 13-hour meeting widely reported in a very still hostile media, Borgward agreed to the senate’s terms on four February 1961, thereby averting the bankruptcy on the business.The Bremen Senate furthermore insisted on appointing a unique nominee as chairman on the company’s supervisory board. The man they decided to go with was Johannes Semler which reports generally describe to be a “Wirtschaftsprüfer” (public auditor), though this designation, especially once translated directly into English, does less than full justice for the breadth of Semler’s vocation. He had studied rules at university and worked initially as being a lawyer. The scion of a number one Hamburg political family, in 1945 he acquired himself been a founding member of the centre-right CSU party, and was a person in the Bundestag between 1950 in addition to 1953. Despite his Hamburg roots, Semler was by these times based in Munich, with a network of contacts within the Bavarian establishment that probably included fellow CSU politician along with the future German chancellor, Ludwig Erhard, who in 1948 had succeeded Semler in a top administrative position inside Bizone. The appointment of Johannes Semler since the representative of the Bremen senators to be able to chair the Borgward supervisory panel would, in retrospect, contribute to the controversy that followed the Borgward bankruptcy.
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About 28 July 1961 Semler, as Chairman of the supervisory board joined the directors of the three companies Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd to instigate proceedings to the establishment of a “Vergleichsverfahren”, which would have provided for a court sanctioned scheme of arrangement enabling the company to continue to trade while at the same time protecting the interests connected with creditors. [16] Two months later on, however, in September 1961, the Borgward and Goliath corporations were declared bankrupt, followed in November from the Lloyd business. Subsequent “conspiracy theorists” include suggested that Semler, for reasons of his very own, never had any purpose of allowing the Borgward auto-businesses to be able to survive.
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