Borgward is an automobile manufacturer originally set up by Carl F. W. Borgward. The original company, based in Bremen in Germany, ceased operations in this 1960s. The Borgward group made four brands of vehicles: Borgward, Hansa, Goliath and Lloyd.The marque has since been revived by Carl Borgward's son, Christian Borgward, together with his spouse Karlheinz L. Knöss, with assistance from China investment, and unveiled the company's first new car in over 40 years, the BX7 at the 2015 International Motor Demonstrate.The origins of Bremen's most significant auto-business go back to 1905 with the organization in nearby Varel with the "Hansa Automobilgesellschaft" and the foundation in Bremen itself associated with "Namag", maker of the Lloyd auto. These two businesses merged in 1914 to form the "Hansa-Lloyd-Werke A. G. ". After the war, in the troubled financial crisis then confronting Germany, the business failed to prosper and through the late 1920s faced a bankruptcy proceeding. For Carl Borgward, already the successful creator on the Goliath-Blitzkarren business, the misfortunes of Hansa-Lloyd presented the opportunity greatly to expand your scope of his automotive business, and he took control of it.
The very first "automobile" Carl Borgward intended was the 1924 Blitzkarren (super cart), a sort of teeny three-wheeled van with 2 hp (1. 5 kW), which was an enormous success available in the market gap it filled. Traders with a small budget got it for delivery. The Reichspost ordered quite a few for postal service.In 1929, Borgward became the overseer of Hansa Lloyd AG having had the oppertunity to merge his "Goliath-Werke Borgward & Corp. " with "Hansa-Lloyd. The small Goliath-Blitzkarren had can't evolved into the however three wheeler timber framed synthetic leather bodied 5 or 7 hp Goliath Leader. Borgward turned his attention to the other businesses in addition to led the development of the Hansa Konsul. In February 1937, there came the completely new Hansa Borgward 2000 and also in 1939 the label was shortened to Borgward 2000. The 2000 model was accompanied by the Borgward 2300that stayed in production until 1942.After World War II, in 1946 Carl Borgward used many of the brand names from corporations he had acquired in recent times to found three separate companies: Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd. This was intended to increase the quality of steel allocated to his business at the same time of austerity and rationing. For many purposes the lenders would be run as being a single entity, but in a business operated by a man to whom delegation wouldn't come naturally the proliferation of legal entities nonetheless added unhelpful layers of complexity through the 1950s and encouraged a broadening with the range which finally proved financially unsustainable using the sales volumes achievable. In 1949 company displayed the Borgward Hansa 1500.One of many top engineers at Borgward from 1938-1952 was Dipl. Ing. Hubert M. Meingast.Production of the Borgward Isabella started out in 1954. The Isabella would become Borgward's most popular model and remained in production to the life of the business. In 1960 the Borgward P100 seemed to be introduced, equipped with pneumatic suspension.Borgward introduced a type of 1500 cc sports racers from the late 1950s, with the 16-valve engine from these to become successful Formula Two power unit (which was also used by several F1 privateers in 1961).Although Borgward pioneered technical novelties in the German market such since air suspension and automated transmission, the company had trouble competing available on the market. While larger companies including Opel and VW took selling point of economies of scale along with kept their prices low to get market share, Borgward's cost structure was even higher than necessary for its measurement, as it basically handled as four tiny independent companies and not implemented such basic charge reduction strategies as shared development and parts sharing relating to the company's makes. Borgward suffered quality problems at the same time. The Lloyd Arabella was technically advanced as a water-cooled boxer with top wheel drive, but plagued with problems for example water leakage and gearbox errors. Lloyd lost money on the car though it was more expensive than its direct competitors.In 1961, the company was pushed into liquidation by creditors. Carl Borgward died in July 1963, still insisting the company had been technically solvent. This proved to be true within the sense that after this creditors were paid fully, there was still four. 5 million Marks remaining from the business.
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Studies of difficulties at Borgward surfaced in the article that appeared inside Germany's leading news newspaper, “Der Spiegel” on 15 December 1960”. The very long, detailed, and in places repeated Spiegel article was highlighted with a picture of Borgward, cigar in mouth, on the magazine’s the front cover. It was strongly crucial of Carl Borgward's business approach, and included many in the arguments later advanced to spellout or justify the company's demise. The widest range involving cars from any company in Germany, produced by three until finally recently operationally autonomous businesses (Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd) ended up being supporting a turnover connected with only 650 million Represents, placing the overall sales value through the combined Borgward auto corporations only in fifth situation among Germany's auto-makers. The 70-year-old Carl Borgward's "hands-on" insistence by using an increasingly manic proliferation regarding new and modified models featuring adventurous, but under-developed technological improvements ("fast manisch[e] Konstruierwut") afforded rise to components which excessively did not work, broke down or droped apart, resulting in massive payments for pre-delivery remediation and/or publish delivery warranty work that found their long ago to the company.The December 1960 Spiegel article had not been the only serious open public criticism targeting Borgward presently: suddenly stridently negative (in the event that more succinct) comments also turned up in the influential mass-market Bild newspaper and in television stories. Critical media commentaries likewise appeared concerning large loans on the Borgward Group provided because of the local Landesbank.It is apparent the business was confronting cash-flow difficulties by the end of 1960. Capital intensive businesses like auto manufacturing use their particular expensive machines and tools most efficiently if they use them constantly on full capacity, but the car market in Europe from the 1950s/60s was more temporary than today, with sales diminishing with Winter, then peaking in earlier summer months: Borgward’s inventory of unsold cars by the end of 1960 was more than usual, reflecting ambitious growth strategies, most obviously in respect of america market[11] The December 1960 Spiegel article speculated that from the 15, 000 Borgward cars ordered because of the North American dealers within 1960 (and with the 12, 000 delivered to these people) 6, 000 might have being taken back following a slump in United states demand. (Borgward was not really the only European auto maker hit by way of a North American slump widely used for imported cars throughout 1960. In the same season two ships carrying Renault Dauphines were turned the government financial aid mid-Atlantic because the docks in New york were overcrowded with unsold Dauphines.
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Towards the end of December 1960 Borgward approached the financial institution for a further a single million Marks of credit score, the loan to be backed by the guarantee from the Bremen local government which initially the Bremen senators consented to provide. However, following the flood connected with critical press comment the particular senators withdrew their promise. They now required Carl Borgward to pledge the company itself to the state in return for the guarantee. After a tense 13-hour meeting widely reported within a still hostile media, Borgward agreed to your senate’s terms on several February 1961, thereby averting the bankruptcy from the business.The Bremen Senate furthermore insisted on appointing a unique nominee as chairman in the company’s supervisory board. The man they decided to go with was Johannes Semler who reports generally describe being a “Wirtschaftsprüfer” (public auditor), though this designation, especially once translated in English, does less than full justice on the breadth of Semler’s vocation. He had studied legislation at university and worked initially to be a lawyer. The scion of a leading Hamburg political family, in 1945 he had himself been a founding person in the centre-right CSU celebration, and was a member of the Bundestag between 1950 as well as 1953. Despite his Hamburg sources, Semler was by now based in Munich, with a network of contacts in the Bavarian establishment that probably included fellow CSU politician along with the future German chancellor, Ludwig Erhard, who in 1948 had succeeded Semler in a top administrative position inside Bizone. The appointment of Johannes Semler because the representative of the Bremen senators to be able to chair the Borgward supervisory board would, in retrospect, contribute to the hot debate that followed the Borgward a bankruptcy proceeding.
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Upon 28 July 1961 Semler, as Chairman of this supervisory board joined the directors in the three companies Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd to instigate proceedings for the establishment of a “Vergleichsverfahren”, which would have provided for the court sanctioned scheme of arrangement enabling this company to continue to trade while while doing so protecting the interests of creditors. [16] Two months after, however, in September 1961, the Borgward and Goliath firms were declared bankrupt, followed in November from the Lloyd business. Subsequent “conspiracy theorists” have suggested that Semler, for reasons of his or her own, never had any purpose of allowing the Borgward auto-businesses to survive.
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