Borgward is surely an automobile manufacturer originally started by Carl F. W. Borgward. The original company, based in Bremen with Germany, ceased operations in this 1960s. The Borgward group generated four brands of automobiles: Borgward, Hansa, Goliath and Lloyd.The marque has since been revived by Carl Borgward's son, Christian Borgward, together with his spouse Karlheinz L. Knöss, with assistance from Far east investment, and unveiled the businesses first new car with over 40 years, the BX7 at the 2015 International Motor Demonstrate.The origins of Bremen's most significant auto-business get back on 1905 with the institution in nearby Varel of the "Hansa Automobilgesellschaft" and the inspiration in Bremen itself regarding "Namag", maker of the Lloyd car. These two businesses merged in 1914 to create the "Hansa-Lloyd-Werke A. G. ". After the war, in the troubled economic situation then confronting Germany, the business failed to prosper and because of the late 1920s faced a bankruptcy proceeding. For Carl Borgward, already the successful creator on the Goliath-Blitzkarren business, the misfortunes of Hansa-Lloyd presented a possibility greatly to expand the particular scope of his automotive business, and he took control than it.
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The very first "automobile" Carl Borgward designed was the 1924 Blitzkarren (super cart), a sort of tiny three-wheeled van with 3 hp (1. 5 kW), which was an enormous success available in the market gap it filled. Traders with a small budget got it for delivery. The Reichspost ordered most of them for postal service.In 1929, Borgward became the home of Hansa Lloyd AG having gotten to merge his "Goliath-Werke Borgward & Company. " with "Hansa-Lloyd. The small Goliath-Blitzkarren had chances are evolved into the nonetheless three wheeler timber presented synthetic leather bodied 5 as well as 7 hp Goliath Leader. Borgward turned his attention to the other businesses as well as led the development in the Hansa Konsul. In February 1937, there came the brand new Hansa Borgward 2000 in addition to in 1939 the name was shortened to Borgward 2000. The 2000 model was followed by the Borgward 2300that always been in production until 1942.After World War II, in 1946 Carl Borgward used a few of the brand names from organizations he had acquired through the years to found three separate companies: Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd. This was intended to increase the number of steel allocated to his business each time of austerity and rationing. For many purposes the companies would be run being a single entity, but in a business operated with a man to whom delegation didn't come naturally the growth of legal entities on the other hand added unhelpful layers of complexity through the 1950s and encouraged a broadening in the range which in the long run proved financially unsustainable with the sales volumes achievable. In 1949 company introduced the Borgward Hansa 1500.Among the top engineers at Borgward coming from 1938-1952 was Dipl. Ing. Hubert M. Meingast.Production of the Borgward Isabella began in 1954. The Isabella would become Borgward's most widely used model and remained in production with the life of the business. In 1960 the Borgward P100 ended up being introduced, equipped with pneumatic suspension.Borgward introduced a type of 1500 cc sports racers inside late 1950s, with the 16-valve engine from these learning to be a successful Formula Two power unit (which has been also used by a few F1 privateers in 1961).Although Borgward pioneered technical novelties within the German market such seeing that air suspension and programmed transmission, the company had trouble competing in the market. While larger companies like Opel and VW took good thing about economies of scale in addition to kept their prices low to gain market share, Borgward's cost structure was even above necessary for its sizing, as it basically controlled as four tiny independent companies rather than implemented such basic price tag reduction strategies as joint development and parts sharing between company's makes. Borgward suffered quality problems also. The Lloyd Arabella was technically advanced to be a water-cooled boxer with entry wheel drive, but plagued with problems such as water leakage and gearbox secrets. Lloyd lost money on the car although it was more expensive than its direct competitors.In 1961, the company was pushed into liquidation by collectors. Carl Borgward died inside July 1963, still insisting the company were being technically solvent. This proved to be true inside the sense that after your creditors were paid 100 %, there was still four. 5 million Marks remaining from the business.
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Accounts of difficulties at Borgward surfaced within the article that appeared in Germany's leading news newspaper, “Der Spiegel” on 15 December 1960”. The very long, detailed, and in places repeating Spiegel article was highlighted by means of a picture of Borgward, cigar in mouth, on the magazine’s the front cover. It was strongly critical of Carl Borgward's business approach, and included many from the arguments later advanced to spell out or justify the corporation's demise. The widest range associated with cars from any maker in Germany, produced by three right up until recently operationally autonomous companies (Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd) had been supporting a turnover associated with only 650 million Represents, placing the overall sales value from your combined Borgward auto organizations only in fifth place among Germany's auto-makers. The 70-year-old Carl Borgward's "hands-on" insistence while on an increasingly manic proliferation of new and modified types featuring adventurous, but under-developed technological enhancements ("fast manisch[e] Konstruierwut") provided rise to components which too often did not work, broke down or chop down apart, resulting in massive charges for pre-delivery remediation and/or article delivery warranty work that found their in the past to the company.The December 1960 Spiegel article was not the only serious open public criticism targeting Borgward at the moment: suddenly stridently negative (if more succinct) comments also turned up in the influential mass-market Bild paper and in television reviews. Critical media commentaries additionally appeared concerning large loans to the Borgward Group provided by the local Landesbank.It is apparent the business was confronting cash-flow difficulties at the end of 1960. Capital intensive businesses for instance auto manufacturing use the expensive machines and tools most efficiently should they use them constantly on full capacity, but the car market in Europe from the 1950s/60s was more temporary than today, with sales diminishing throughout Winter, then peaking in their early summer months: Borgward’s inventory of unsold cars right at the end of 1960 was beyond usual, reflecting ambitious growth options, most obviously in respect of the united states market[11] The December 1960 Spiegel article speculated that from the 15, 000 Borgward cars ordered because of the North American dealers within 1960 (and on the 12, 000 delivered to these people) 6, 000 might have for being taken back following a slump in United states demand. (Borgward was not the only real European auto maker hit by way of North American slump successful for imported cars during 1960. In the same yr two ships carrying Renault Dauphines were turned back mid-Atlantic because the docks in Big apple were overcrowded with unsold Dauphines.
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At the conclusion of December 1960 Borgward approached the lender for a further a single million Marks of credit score, the loan to be backed by way of a guarantee from the Bremen regional government which initially the Bremen senators decided provide. However, following the flood involving critical press comment the senators withdrew their promise. They now required Carl Borgward to pledge the company itself to the state in substitution for the guarantee. After a tense 13-hour meeting widely reported in a very still hostile media, Borgward agreed to the actual senate’s terms on 5 February 1961, thereby averting the bankruptcy from the business.The Bremen Senate likewise insisted on appointing its own nominee as chairman with the company’s supervisory board. The man they decided was Johannes Semler who reports generally describe being a “Wirtschaftsprüfer” (public auditor), though this designation, especially once translated in English, does less than full justice towards the breadth of Semler’s job. He had studied law at university and worked initially like a lawyer. The scion of a top Hamburg political family, in 1945 he experienced himself been a founding member of the centre-right CSU celebration, and was a member of the Bundestag between 1950 in addition to 1953. Despite his Hamburg beginnings, Semler was by this time around based in Munich, with a network of contacts in the Bavarian establishment that likely included fellow CSU politician and the future German chancellor, Ludwig Erhard, who in 1948 had succeeded Semler within a top administrative position from the Bizone. The appointment of Johannes Semler for the reason that representative of the Bremen senators to help chair the Borgward supervisory table would, in retrospect, contribute to the controversy that followed the Borgward individual bankruptcy.
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Upon 28 July 1961 Semler, as Chairman of this supervisory board joined the directors in the three companies Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd to instigate proceedings to the establishment of a “Vergleichsverfahren”, which would have provided to get a court sanctioned scheme of arrangement enabling the business to continue to trade while as well protecting the interests regarding creditors. [16] Two months in the future, however, in September 1961, the Borgward and Goliath corporations were declared bankrupt, followed in November with the Lloyd business. Subsequent “conspiracy theorists” possess suggested that Semler, for reasons of his own, never had any purpose of allowing the Borgward auto-businesses in order to survive.
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