Borgward can be an automobile manufacturer originally founded by Carl F. W. Borgward. The original company, based in Bremen in Germany, ceased operations in the 1960s. The Borgward group created four brands of automobiles: Borgward, Hansa, Goliath and Lloyd.The marque has due to the fact been revived by Carl Borgward's son, Christian Borgward, together with his associate Karlheinz L. Knöss, with assistance from Chinese investment, and unveiled the businesses first new car with over 40 years, the BX7 at this 2015 International Motor Present.The origins of Bremen's most significant auto-business get back to 1905 with the place in nearby Varel with the "Hansa Automobilgesellschaft" and the walls in Bremen itself connected with "Namag", maker of the Lloyd auto. These two businesses merged in 1914 to the "Hansa-Lloyd-Werke A. G. ". After the war, in the troubled economy then confronting Germany, the business failed to prosper and through the late 1920s faced individual bankruptcy. For Carl Borgward, already the successful creator in the Goliath-Blitzkarren business, the misfortunes of Hansa-Lloyd presented the opportunity greatly to expand your scope of his auto business, and he took control from it.
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The primary "automobile" Carl Borgward intended was the 1924 Blitzkarren (super cart), a sort of tiny three-wheeled van with 3 hp (1. 5 kW), which was an enormous success out there gap it filled. Traders with a small budget got it for delivery. The Reichspost ordered many of them for postal service.In 1929, Borgward became the movie director of Hansa Lloyd AG having gotten to merge his "Goliath-Werke Borgward & Company. " with "Hansa-Lloyd. The small Goliath-Blitzkarren had right now evolved into the nonetheless three wheeler timber framed synthetic leather bodied 5 or 7 hp Goliath Leading. Borgward turned his care about the other businesses in addition to led the development from the Hansa Konsul. In February 1937, there came the brand new Hansa Borgward 2000 along with in 1939 the title was shortened to Borgward 2000. The 2000 model was accompanied by the Borgward 2300that continued to be in production until 1942.After World War II, in 1946 Carl Borgward used a number of the brand names from companies he had acquired over the years to found three separate companies: Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd. This was intended to increase the quality of steel allocated to his business at a time of austerity and rationing. For many purposes the lenders would be run as being a single entity, but in a business operated by way of man to whom delegation would not come naturally the expansion of legal entities on the other hand added unhelpful layers of complexity with the 1950s and encouraged a broadening of the range which eventually proved financially unsustainable with the sales volumes achievable. In 1949 company offered the Borgward Hansa 1500.One of several top engineers at Borgward through 1938-1952 was Dipl. Ing. Hubert M. Meingast.Production of the Borgward Isabella started in 1954. The Isabella would become Borgward's most favored model and remained in production for the life of the organization. In 1960 the Borgward P100 has been introduced, equipped with pneumatic suspension.Borgward introduced a distinct 1500 cc sports racers inside the late 1950s, with the 16-valve engine from these to become successful Formula Two power unit (that has been also used by many F1 privateers in 1961).Although Borgward pioneered technical novelties in the German market such while air suspension and intelligent transmission, the company had trouble competing available on the market. While larger companies such as Opel and VW took advantage of economies of scale and also kept their prices low to find market share, Borgward's cost structure was even above necessary for its measurement, as it basically operated as four tiny independent companies rather than implemented such basic charge reduction strategies as mutual development and parts sharing involving the company's makes. Borgward suffered quality problems likewise. The Lloyd Arabella was technically advanced as a water-cooled boxer with entry wheel drive, but plagued with problems for instance water leakage and gearbox snags. Lloyd lost money on the car just about the most was more expensive as compared to its direct competitors.In 1961, the company was compelled into liquidation by loan companies. Carl Borgward died within July 1963, still insisting the company had been technically solvent. This proved to be true within the sense that after the particular creditors were paid fully, there was still four. 5 million Marks left from the business.
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Stories of difficulties at Borgward surfaced in an article that appeared throughout Germany's leading news magazine, “Der Spiegel” on age 14 December 1960”. The very long, detailed, and in places similar Spiegel article was highlighted by means of a picture of Borgward, cigar in mouth, on the magazine’s entrance cover. It was strongly critical of Carl Borgward's business approach, and included many on the arguments later advanced to spellout or justify the firm's demise. The widest range regarding cars from any producer in Germany, produced by three until eventually recently operationally autonomous corporations (Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd) seemed to be supporting a turnover associated with only 650 million Represents, placing the overall sales value in the combined Borgward auto organizations only in fifth place among Germany's auto-makers. The 70-year-old Carl Borgward's "hands-on" insistence on an increasingly manic proliferation regarding new and modified versions featuring adventurous, but under-developed technological innovative developments ("fast manisch[e] Konstruierwut") offered rise to components which excessively did not work, broke down or chop down apart, resulting in massive expenses for pre-delivery remediation and/or submit delivery warranty work that found their made use of to the company.The December 1960 Spiegel article was not the only serious public criticism targeting Borgward currently: suddenly stridently negative (if more succinct) comments also resulted in in the influential mass-market Bild paper and in television stories. Critical media commentaries furthermore appeared concerning large loans towards Borgward Group provided with the local Landesbank.It is apparent the business was confronting cash-flow difficulties by the end of 1960. Capital intensive businesses like auto manufacturing use their own expensive machines and tools most efficiently should they use them constantly with full capacity, but the car market in Europe inside 1950s/60s was more in season than today, with sales diminishing with Winter, then peaking in the early summer months: Borgward’s inventory of unsold cars by the end of 1960 was higher than usual, reflecting ambitious growth strategies, most obviously in respect of the usa market[11] The December 1960 Spiegel article speculated that from the 15, 000 Borgward cars ordered through the North American dealers throughout 1960 (and of the 12, 000 delivered to them) 6, 000 might have being taken back following a slump in United states demand. (Borgward was not really the only European auto maker hit by way of North American slump successful for imported cars during 1960. In the same 12 months two ships carrying Renault Dauphines were turned in mid-Atlantic because the docks in Big apple were overcrowded with unsold Dauphines.
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At the conclusion of December 1960 Borgward approached the lender for a further one particular million Marks of credit rating, the loan to be backed by way of a guarantee from the Bremen regional government which initially the Bremen senators consented to provide. However, following the flood regarding critical press comment this senators withdrew their ensure. They now required Carl Borgward to pledge the business itself to the state in substitution for the guarantee. After a tense 13-hour meeting widely reported in a still hostile media, Borgward agreed to the actual senate’s terms on 5 February 1961, thereby averting the bankruptcy on the business.The Bremen Senate likewise insisted on appointing its very own nominee as chairman with the company’s supervisory board. The man they decided to go with was Johannes Semler to whom reports generally describe like a “Wirtschaftsprüfer” (public auditor), though this designation, especially once translated in English, does less than full justice for the breadth of Semler’s vocation. He had studied legislations at university and worked initially like a lawyer. The scion of a respected Hamburg political family, in 1945 he got himself been a founding member of the centre-right CSU bash, and was a member of the Bundestag between 1950 and 1953. Despite his Hamburg roots, Semler was by this time around based in Munich, with a network of contacts inside Bavarian establishment that almost certainly included fellow CSU politician along with the future German chancellor, Ludwig Erhard, who in 1948 had succeeded Semler in a top administrative position inside Bizone. The appointment of Johannes Semler since the representative of the Bremen senators for you to chair the Borgward supervisory panel would, in retrospect, contribute to the dispute that followed the Borgward personal bankruptcy.
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In 28 July 1961 Semler, as Chairman of the actual supervisory board joined the directors with the three companies Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd to instigate proceedings to the establishment of a “Vergleichsverfahren”, which would have provided for a court sanctioned scheme of arrangement enabling this company to continue to trade while simultaneously protecting the interests connected with creditors. [16] Two months later, however, in September 1961, the Borgward and Goliath firms were declared bankrupt, followed in November from the Lloyd business. Subsequent “conspiracy theorists” have got suggested that Semler, for reasons of his very own, never had any intention of allowing the Borgward auto-businesses to help survive.
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