Borgward is usually an automobile manufacturer originally founded by Carl F. W. Borgward. The original company, based in Bremen inside Germany, ceased operations in the 1960s. The Borgward group created four brands of vehicles: Borgward, Hansa, Goliath and Lloyd.The marque has given that been revived by Carl Borgward's grand son, Christian Borgward, together with his partner Karlheinz L. Knöss, with assistance from China investment, and unveiled the company's first new car with over 40 years, the BX7 at the particular 2015 International Motor Present.The origins of Bremen's most significant auto-business go back to 1905 with the institution in nearby Varel from the "Hansa Automobilgesellschaft" and the building blocks in Bremen itself connected with "Namag", maker of the Lloyd car or truck. These two businesses merged in 1914 to the "Hansa-Lloyd-Werke A. G. ". After the war, in the troubled economy then confronting Germany, the business failed to prosper and through the late 1920s faced bankruptcy. For Carl Borgward, already the successful creator in the Goliath-Blitzkarren business, the misfortunes of Hansa-Lloyd presented an opportunity greatly to expand the particular scope of his automotive business, and he took control from it.
The initial "automobile" Carl Borgward created was the 1924 Blitzkarren (turbo cart), a sort of very small three-wheeled van with a couple of hp (1. 5 kW), which was an enormous success available in the market gap it filled. Traders with a small budget bought for delivery. The Reichspost ordered many of them for postal service.In 1929, Borgward became the representative of Hansa Lloyd AG having been able to merge his "Goliath-Werke Borgward & Corp. " with "Hansa-Lloyd. The small Goliath-Blitzkarren had right now evolved into the nevertheless three wheeler timber framed synthetic leather bodied 5 or even 7 hp Goliath Leading. Borgward turned his attention to the other businesses along with led the development with the Hansa Konsul. In February 1937, there came the new Hansa Borgward 2000 in addition to in 1939 the title was shortened to Borgward 2000. The 2000 model was as well as the Borgward 2300that continued in production until 1942.After World War II, in 1946 Carl Borgward used a few of the brand names from companies he had acquired over time to found three independent companies: Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd. This was intended to increase the quantity of steel allocated to his business at the same time of austerity and rationing. For many purposes the lenders would be run to be a single entity, but in a business operated by a man to whom delegation did not come naturally the spreading of legal entities nevertheless added unhelpful layers of complexity through the 1950s and encouraged a broadening from the range which in the end proved financially unsustainable with all the sales volumes achievable. In 1949 company presented the Borgward Hansa 1500.One of the top engineers at Borgward through 1938-1952 was Dipl. Ing. Hubert M. Meingast.Production of the Borgward Isabella began in 1954. The Isabella would become Borgward's hottest model and remained in production for that life of the firm. In 1960 the Borgward P100 was introduced, equipped with pneumatic suspension.Borgward introduced a type of 1500 cc sports racers in the late 1950s, with the 16-valve engine from these learning to be a successful Formula Two power unit (that has been also used by a few F1 privateers in 1961).Although Borgward pioneered technical novelties in the German market such since air suspension and programmed transmission, the company had trouble competing in the marketplace. While larger companies similar to Opel and VW took benefit from economies of scale in addition to kept their prices low to realize market share, Borgward's cost structure was even above necessary for its dimensions, as it basically controlled as four tiny independent companies and never implemented such basic expense reduction strategies as joint development and parts sharing between company's makes. Borgward suffered quality problems at the same time. The Lloyd Arabella was technically advanced as a water-cooled boxer with front wheel drive, but plagued with problems such as water leakage and gearbox errors. Lloyd lost money on the car just about the most was more expensive compared to its direct competitors.In 1961, the company was required into liquidation by loan companies. Carl Borgward died within July 1963, still insisting the company was technically solvent. This proved to be true inside the sense that after this creditors were paid in full, there was still several. 5 million Marks remaining from the business.
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Accounts of difficulties at Borgward surfaced in an article that appeared within Germany's leading news journal, “Der Spiegel” on 15 December 1960”. The very long, detailed, and in places repetitive Spiegel article was highlighted through a picture of Borgward, cigar in mouth, on the magazine’s top cover. It was strongly essential of Carl Borgward's company approach, and included many in the arguments later advanced to explain or justify the businesses demise. The widest range involving cars from any manufacturer in Germany, produced by three until eventually recently operationally autonomous companies (Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd) was supporting a turnover associated with only 650 million Marks, placing the overall sales value on the combined Borgward auto businesses only in fifth position among Germany's auto-makers. The 70-year-old Carl Borgward's "hands-on" insistence on an increasingly manic proliferation connected with new and modified products featuring adventurous, but under-developed technological innovative developments ("fast manisch[e] Konstruierwut") provided rise to components which many times did not work, broke down or chop down apart, resulting in massive payments for pre-delivery remediation and/or submit delivery warranty work that found their sources that are to the company.The December 1960 Spiegel article has not been the only serious general public criticism targeting Borgward presently: suddenly stridently negative (if more succinct) comments also resulted in in the influential mass-market Bild paper and in television stories. Critical media commentaries in addition appeared concerning large loans towards the Borgward Group provided by the local Landesbank.It is apparent which the business was confronting cash-flow difficulties by the end of 1960. Capital intensive businesses such as auto manufacturing use their own expensive machines and tools most efficiently when they use them constantly from full capacity, but the car market in Europe in the 1950s/60s was more periodic than today, with sales diminishing within Winter, then peaking in the first summer months: Borgward’s inventory of unsold cars towards the end of 1960 was more than usual, reflecting ambitious growth programs, most obviously in respect of the united states market[11] The December 1960 Spiegel article speculated that of the 15, 000 Borgward cars ordered with the North American dealers inside 1960 (and with the 12, 000 delivered to them) 6, 000 might have being taken back following a slump in American demand. (Borgward was not the only real European auto maker hit by the North American slump widely used for imported cars through 1960. In the same 12 months two ships carrying Renault Dauphines were turned the government financial aid mid-Atlantic because the docks in Big apple were overcrowded with unsold Dauphines.
At the end of December 1960 Borgward approached the lending company for a further one particular million Marks of credit score, the loan to be backed by a guarantee from the Bremen regional government which initially the Bremen senators opted for provide. However, following the flood of critical press comment the particular senators withdrew their guarantee. They now required Carl Borgward to pledge this company itself to the state in substitution for the guarantee. After a tense 13-hour meeting widely reported in a still hostile media, Borgward agreed to this senate’s terms on four February 1961, thereby averting the bankruptcy with the business.The Bremen Senate likewise insisted on appointing its very own nominee as chairman on the company’s supervisory board. The man they chose was Johannes Semler with whom reports generally describe being a “Wirtschaftsprüfer” (public auditor), though this designation, especially once translated straight into English, does less than full justice to the breadth of Semler’s job. He had studied rules at university and worked initially like a lawyer. The scion of a top Hamburg political family, in 1945 he got himself been a founding member of the centre-right CSU bash, and was a person in the Bundestag between 1950 and also 1953. Despite his Hamburg roots, Semler was by on this occasion based in Munich, with a network of contacts in the Bavarian establishment that almost certainly included fellow CSU politician as well as the future German chancellor, Ludwig Erhard, who in 1948 had succeeded Semler in a very top administrative position from the Bizone. The appointment of Johannes Semler because representative of the Bremen senators to help chair the Borgward supervisory mother board would, in retrospect, contribute to the controversy that followed the Borgward chapter 7.
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With 28 July 1961 Semler, as Chairman of the actual supervisory board joined the directors of the three companies Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd to instigate proceedings for the establishment of a “Vergleichsverfahren”, which would have provided for any court sanctioned scheme of arrangement enabling the business enterprise to continue to trade while as well protecting the interests regarding creditors. [16] Two months afterwards, however, in September 1961, the Borgward and Goliath businesses were declared bankrupt, followed in November through the Lloyd business. Subsequent “conspiracy theorists” get suggested that Semler, for reasons of his very own, never had any purpose of allowing the Borgward auto-businesses to be able to survive.
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