Borgward is definitely an automobile manufacturer originally started by Carl F. W. Borgward. The original company, based in Bremen within Germany, ceased operations in the 1960s. The Borgward group produced four brands of cars: Borgward, Hansa, Goliath and Lloyd.The marque has given that been revived by Carl Borgward's son, Christian Borgward, together with his spouse Karlheinz L. Knöss, with assistance from China investment, and unveiled the business's first new car in over 40 years, the BX7 at the particular 2015 International Motor Demonstrate.The origins of Bremen's most significant auto-business resume 1905 with the institution in nearby Varel from the "Hansa Automobilgesellschaft" and the foundation in Bremen itself associated with "Namag", maker of the Lloyd car. These two businesses merged in 1914 in order to create the "Hansa-Lloyd-Werke A. G. ". After the war, in the troubled financial crisis then confronting Germany, the business failed to prosper and because of the late 1920s faced personal bankruptcy. For Carl Borgward, already the successful creator of the Goliath-Blitzkarren business, the misfortunes of Hansa-Lloyd presented the opportunity greatly to expand your scope of his automobile business, and he took control of it.
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The very first "automobile" Carl Borgward intended was the 1924 Blitzkarren (lightning cart), a sort of small three-wheeled van with 3 hp (1. 5 kW), which was an enormous success already in the market gap it filled. Traders with a small budget purchased for delivery. The Reichspost ordered many for postal service.In 1929, Borgward became the home of Hansa Lloyd AG having had the oppertunity to merge his "Goliath-Werke Borgward & Corp. " with "Hansa-Lloyd. The small Goliath-Blitzkarren had right now evolved into the however three wheeler timber presented synthetic leather bodied 5 or 7 hp Goliath Leading. Borgward turned his focus on the other businesses as well as led the development in the Hansa Konsul. In February 1937, there came the brand new Hansa Borgward 2000 and also in 1939 the identify was shortened to Borgward 2000. The 2000 model was then the Borgward 2300that remained in production until 1942.After World War II, in 1946 Carl Borgward used a lot of the brand names from firms he had acquired in recent times to found three individual companies: Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd. This was intended to increase the number of steel allocated to his business at the same time of austerity and rationing. For many purposes the lenders would be run as being a single entity, but in a business operated by a man to whom delegation would not come naturally the expansion of legal entities even so added unhelpful layers of complexity over the 1950s and encouraged a broadening from the range which eventually proved financially unsustainable while using the sales volumes achievable. In 1949 company shown the Borgward Hansa 1500.One of many top engineers at Borgward by 1938-1952 was Dipl. Ing. Hubert M. Meingast.Production of the Borgward Isabella began in 1954. The Isabella would become Borgward's hottest model and remained in production with the life of the company. In 1960 the Borgward P100 ended up being introduced, equipped with pneumatic suspension.Borgward introduced a line of 1500 cc sports racers within the late 1950s, with the 16-valve engine from these becoming a successful Formula Two power unit (which has been also used by several F1 privateers in 1961).Although Borgward pioneered technical novelties from the German market such seeing that air suspension and automated transmission, the company had trouble competing available on the market. While larger companies similar to Opel and VW took benefit of economies of scale and kept their prices low to achieve market share, Borgward's cost structure was even beyond necessary for its size, as it basically handled as four tiny independent companies rather than implemented such basic cost reduction strategies as mutual development and parts sharing relating to the company's makes. Borgward suffered quality problems at the same time. The Lloyd Arabella was technically advanced being a water-cooled boxer with entry wheel drive, but plagued with problems including water leakage and gearbox snags. Lloyd lost money on the car just about the most was more expensive than its direct competitors.In 1961, the company was pushed into liquidation by lenders. Carl Borgward died within July 1963, still insisting the company ended up technically solvent. This proved to be true inside sense that after the actual creditors were paid entirely, there was still 5. 5 million Marks left from the business.
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Stories of difficulties at Borgward surfaced within an article that appeared in Germany's leading news journal, “Der Spiegel” on age 14 December 1960”. The very long, detailed, and in places repeating Spiegel article was highlighted by means of a picture of Borgward, cigar in mouth, on the magazine’s entrance cover. It was strongly vital of Carl Borgward's business approach, and included many on the arguments later advanced to describe or justify the firm's demise. The widest range involving cars from any maker in Germany, produced by three until recently operationally autonomous organizations (Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd) has been supporting a turnover of only 650 million Signifies, placing the overall sales value from the combined Borgward auto corporations only in fifth placement among Germany's auto-makers. The 70-year-old Carl Borgward's "hands-on" insistence by using an increasingly manic proliferation of new and modified types featuring adventurous, but under-developed technological improvements ("fast manisch[e] Konstruierwut") afforded rise to components which many times did not work, broke down or fell apart, resulting in massive expenses for pre-delivery remediation and/or submit delivery warranty work that found their way back to the company.The December 1960 Spiegel article was not the only serious open public criticism targeting Borgward at the moment: suddenly stridently negative (in the event that more succinct) comments also resulted in in the influential mass-market Bild newspaper and in television stories. Critical media commentaries furthermore appeared concerning large loans to the Borgward Group provided because of the local Landesbank.It is apparent the business was confronting cash-flow difficulties right at the end of 1960. Capital intensive businesses for instance auto manufacturing use their particular expensive machines and tools most efficiently as long as they use them constantly in full capacity, but the car market in Europe from the 1950s/60s was more in season than today, with sales diminishing within Winter, then peaking in the early summer months: Borgward’s inventory of unsold cars by the end of 1960 was above usual, reflecting ambitious growth plans, most obviously in respect of north america market[11] The December 1960 Spiegel article speculated that from the 15, 000 Borgward cars ordered by the North American dealers within 1960 (and from the 12, 000 delivered to these people) 6, 000 might have being taken back following a slump in United states demand. (Borgward was not the only real European auto maker hit with a North American slump in demand for imported cars through 1960. In the same year two ships carrying Renault Dauphines were turned back in mid-Atlantic because the docks in The big apple were overcrowded with unsold Dauphines.
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At the end of December 1960 Borgward approached your banker for a further just one million Marks of credit history, the loan to be backed by way of a guarantee from the Bremen local government which initially the Bremen senators opted for provide. However, following the flood regarding critical press comment your senators withdrew their promise. They now required Carl Borgward to pledge the corporation itself to the state in return for the guarantee. After a tense 13-hour meeting widely reported within a still hostile media, Borgward agreed to the actual senate’s terms on four February 1961, thereby averting the bankruptcy of the business.The Bremen Senate likewise insisted on appointing a nominee as chairman of the company’s supervisory board. The man they decided to go with was Johannes Semler who reports generally describe as being a “Wirtschaftsprüfer” (public auditor), though this designation, especially once translated in to English, does less than full justice for the breadth of Semler’s vocation. He had studied legislations at university and worked initially as a lawyer. The scion of a leading Hamburg political family, in 1945 he had himself been a founding member of the centre-right CSU celebration, and was a person in the Bundestag between 1950 and 1953. Despite his Hamburg beginnings, Semler was by on this occasion based in Munich, with a network of contacts inside the Bavarian establishment that almost certainly included fellow CSU politician as well as the future German chancellor, Ludwig Erhard, who in 1948 had succeeded Semler inside a top administrative position inside the Bizone. The appointment of Johannes Semler because the representative of the Bremen senators for you to chair the Borgward supervisory table would, in retrospect, contribute to the controversy that followed the Borgward individual bankruptcy.
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In 28 July 1961 Semler, as Chairman of the supervisory board joined the directors of the three companies Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd to instigate proceedings with the establishment of a “Vergleichsverfahren”, which would have provided for any court sanctioned scheme of arrangement enabling the business to continue to trade while as well protecting the interests regarding creditors. [16] Two months in the future, however, in September 1961, the Borgward and Goliath businesses were declared bankrupt, followed in November through the Lloyd business. Subsequent “conspiracy theorists” get suggested that Semler, for reasons of his very own, never had any intent of allowing the Borgward auto-businesses to be able to survive.
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